Lincoln, occupied by the barons, i. 379; bat- | Lord lieutenant, office of, created, ii. 198;
Lindisfarne, bishopric of, i. 158.
Lingard, Dr. John, on Innocent's annulling of
the Great Charter, i. 393; on the results
of Henry III.'s relations with Rome, 398.
Lisle, Lady Alice, trial and execution, ii. 396.
Littleton, Sir Thomas, his treatise on Ten-
ures, i. 414.
Liverpool, Lord, his ministry, ii. 518.
Livery, institution of, i. 566; later use of the
term, 567; creates an artificial vassalage,
ii. 195; extinguished by Henry VII., 195,
196.
Local government, before reform, ii. 566, 567;
directions of reform in, 567; Local Govern-
ment Act, purposes and provisions, 578,
579; inadequacy of ancient local institu-
tions for, 583; creation of boards by stat-
ute, 583, 584; complexity of, 583, 584;
creation of Local Government Board, 583,
585; expansion of the powers and duties
of the Local Government Board, ii. 586;
audits the accounts of local authorities,
585, 586.
Locke, John, failure of his political scheme
in Carolina, i. 24, 25; his social contract
theory, ii. 393; asserts the inalienable right
of the people to resist, 393.
Lollards, i. 508, 538, 571; action against, 539,
572; revived by Luther's movement, ii. 51;
discredited, 60; effect of their doctrines,
168.
London, its probable origin, i. 117; Sir F.
Pollock's definition of, 192, 450; occupied
by the barons, 379; privileges guaranteed
to, by the Great Charter, 386; as a dis-
tinct shire, 458, 464; outcry of the citizens
of, against extortions under Edward IV.,
586; persecution of protestants in, ii. 92;
plague in, 257, 258; its extension prohibited
by Charles I., 285, 286; mob against inde-
pendents, 337; charter forfeited, 389; the
Municipal Corporations Acts not extended
to, 568; retains its ancient constitution, 568;
charter granted by William the Norman,
568, 569; by John, 569; its court of com-
mon council, 569; to be distinguished from
the "metropolis," 569; refusal to extend its
limits to take in the metropolis, 570; its
inclusion of the metropolis recognized, 570;
Metropolitan Board of Works, 570; Har-
court's measure of 1884, 570, 571; Local
Government Act of 1888, 571; imperfection
of this act, 571; Local Government Bill of
1894, 571; creation of a police force, 577.
London Company, the, charter granted to,
by James I., i. 17; settlements founded by,
18; character of its charter, 20-22; its
charter annulled, 18, 22.
Lord high steward, proceedings in his court,
ii. 84.
authority transferred, 198 n.; ordered to
reform the counties by James II., 403; dis-
missals among, 403; a revival of the an-
cient earldom, 575; becomes honorary head
of the county magistracy, 575-
Lords, house of, witenagemot survives in,
i. 430; origin of its distinction from the
house of commons, 433, 434; English peer-
age identical with, 434; its judicial powers,
439-443; its definite distinction from the
house of commons, 479; its privileges, 520;
dominated by the king, ii. 100; elects the
duke of York Protector, III; assails the
right of commons to originate money bills,
204; refuses to aid the commons in the mat-
ter of impositions, 237; on Bishop Neile's
case, 237; renders judgments in cases of
impeachment, 246; Floyd's case before, 247;
makes an order giving persons impeached
the benefit of counsel, 251; privilege vio-
lated by Charles I., 260; forces Charles to
change his position, 261; demands that the
earl of Bristol be sent his writ of summons,
261; Buckingham impeached in, 261; sav-
ing clause proposed in the Petition of
Right, 271; Charles I. explains the mean-
ing of the privileges granted in the Petition
of Right, 273; suggests that supply should
have precedence over the question of griev
ances, 298, 299; demonstration against the
episcopal element in, 314; defection of
thirty-two peers, 319; abolished, 343; vir-
tually recreated by the Act of Government,
353; legislative powers denied it, 353;
action on the impeachment of Danby, 376;
as constituted by William of Orange, 410;
advises William of Orange to accept the
administration of government provisionally,
410; proposal for a regency, 413, 414;
declares the prince and princess of Orange
king and queen of England, 414; on toler-
ation, 426; addition of Scotch peers, 448;
attempt to limit the crown in increasing
membership, 459; rejects the second reform
bill, 528; attempts to defeat the third re-
form bill, 528, 529; suggestion for the cre-
ation of new peers to carry the reform bill,
529; asked by William IV. to pass reform
bill, 529; its present constitution, 539;.
growth in membership from the time of
the Tudors, 539-542; revolutionized by
Pitt, 541; addition of the Irish peers in
1801, 541, 542; fusion of Scotch and Irish
peerage with English, 542; ceased to be a
coordinate branch of the legislature, 544,
545; a revising and suspending chamber,
545; efforts to create life peerages success-
fully resisted in, 545-547; its unbroken de-
velopment, 547; right to vote by proxy
surrendered, 547; quorum of three, 547;
indifference to business, 547; spirited pro-
ceedings on great occasions, 548; appel-
late jurisdiction, 591. See also Parliament;
Lothers, Sir James, finds a place for Pitt in
parliament, ii. 504.
Louis XIV., treaty with Charles II., ii. 370,
Luther, Martin, sets on foot the Reformation,
ii. 50; and Henry VIII., 50; his influence
supplanted by that of Calvin, 168.
Lutherans, views, ii. 86; leaders, 86; contro-
versy with the Anglicans, 86; form the
League of Schmalkald, 87; send a German
to harmonize Church of England and Lu-
embassy to England, 88; failure of plans
Luttrell, Colonel, contest with John Wilkes,
ii. 484.
MACAULAY, Lord T. B., on the lack of con-
tinuous history in Britain, i. 83; on parlia-
mentary government under William and
Mary, ii. 436; on Grenville's administra-
tion, 501.
Madison, James, quoted, i. 62, 65-68; con-
structs the "Virginia Plan," 70; his three
fifths compromise, 71.
Maegth, the, i. 196, 197, ii. 84.
origin of the system, 211, 237, 253; its
courts and functions, 211, 254, 450, ii.
184; its Norman development, 253, 450;
draws the township to it, ii. 184; decay of
its courts, 185.
Mansfield, Lord, on toleration, ii. 426; on
freedom of the press, 487; on the law of
libel, 490; attacked in the house of lords,
491.
Manwaring, sermon in favor of Charles I., ii.
264; impeached, 273; rewarded by Charles
I., 273.
March, Edmund Mortimer, third earl of, i.
Marbois, on the weakness of the American
556.
Margaret of Anjou, her marriage, i. 555;
assumes the leadership of Lancastrian
cause, 557, 559; takes refuge in Scotland,
560.
Mark, Teutonic form of the gens, i. 3, 8, 104,
134; its organization, 7, 102; aggregation
of, forms the hundred 7, 105, 106; de-
scribed by Tacitus, 102, 104, 190; authori-
ties on the subject, 102, 123; equivalent
to the township, 136, 191; use of the name
in England, 136.
Magdalen College, struggle with James II., Mark-moot, i. 8, 104, 107, 124.
ii. 402, 403.
Magna Carta.
Magnum Concilium, translation of mycel
gemot, i. 239.
Maine, Sir H. S., quoted, i. 7; on territorial
sovereignty, 9, 10; on representative gov-
ernment in Europe, 14; on representative
government in America, 15; on the Su-
preme Court of the United States, 73;
quoted, 94, 430; on the origin of property
in land, 99; on the formation of primitive
society, 100; on the origin of the legisla-
ture, 101; on the township, 123, 130; on
kingship, 130; on the history of inclosures,
138; on legal fictions, equity, and legisla-
tion, 251.
See Charter, The Great.
Maine and Anjou, lost to England, i. 555.
Maintenance, i. 567.
Major-generals, created by Cromwell, ii. 350;
their powers withdrawn, 351.
Manchester, Lord, appointed major-general,
ii. 325; hesitates to utterly defeat Charles
Markets, dues on, i. 361.
Marlborough, John Churchill, earl of, reor-
ganizes the ministry, ii. 446.
Marquess, title of, i. 436.
Marriages, dues on, i. 361; regulated by
Great Charter, 384.
Marshall, William, earl of Pembroke, regent
for Henry III., i. 394; Great Charter re-
issued by, 394; defeats Lewis of France,
395; his death, 395.
Marston Moor, battle of, ii. 326.
Martial law, proceedings under, forbidden by
the Petition of Right, ii. 271.
Martin Mar-Prelate tracts, circumstances of
their issue, ii. 172.
Mary Tudor, Queen, clings to the Catholic
religion, ii. 134; her right to the crown,
135; supported by parliament and the na-
tion, 135; proclaimed, 135; releases Tower
prisoners, 135; her legitimacy established
by parliament, 136; retains the title of
"Supreme Head," 137; desires to re-
establish Roman supremacy, 137; opposi-
tion to her Spanish alliance, 138; slaughter
of protestants, 138, 139; marriage with
Philip, 139; parliament legalizes her posi-
tion as queen, 139; number of her persecu-
tions, 148; satisfies no one by her perse-
cutions, 148; her failures, 150; her death,
151.
I., 327.
Manning, Cardinal, on the medieval claim of
papal supremacy, i. 370; on Innocent's
annulling of the Great Charter, 393.
Manor, the feudal form of the township, i.
30, 139, 179, 191, 211, 456; in Maryland,
32, 33; in New York, 33-35; evidence for
the theory of its Roman parentage incom-
plete, 116; its growth, 144; Old-English | Mary, eldest daughter of James II., negotia-
tion for her marriage with the prince of
Orange, ii. 373; confirmed as presumptive
heir, and confirmed a protestant, 405;
married to William of Orange, 405; refuses
to accept the crown without her husband,
414; death, 422. See also William III.
and Mary.
Mary Stuart, scheme to place her on the
English throne, ii. 163; claim to the suc-
cession, 163; marries Darnley, 163; forced
to abdicate in favor of her son, James VI.
of Scotland, 163; in Elizabeth's hands,
164; threatened Spanish invasion in her
behalf, 164; reported conspiracies in her
behalf, 166; constitution of the committee
which condemned her, 167; accounts of
her trial, 167 n.
Maryland, a proprietary colony, i. 24, 35;
modelled after the palatinate of Durham,
24; representative system in, 24; manors
in, 32-35; existence of courts baron and
courts leet in, 33; forces the transfer of
the western territory to the United States,
57; joins the Union, 57, 58.
Maserfeld, battle of the, i. 158, 162.
Massachusetts Bay, settlement and charter
of, i. 19; union of Plymouth with, 19;
charter of, cancelled, 20, 23; a typical
charter colony, 22; its government, 23;
proposes the Stamp Act Congress, 55;
supported by the First Continental Con-
gress, 55.
Massachusetts Bay Company, chartered, ii.
279, 280.
Master of the Rolls, origin of the office, ii.
43.
Matilda, wife of Henry I., i. 273.
Matilda, Empress, daughter of Henry I.,
married to Geoffrey of Anjou, i. 275; her
succession sworn to by the witan, 275.
Maurer, G. L. von, authority on the mark, i.
102 et seq.
Maurer, Konrad, on the manorial system, i.
May, Sir T. Erskine, on the writ of summons,
i. 477; on the chancellor, 480; on the re-
striction of the franchise, 575; on money
grants, ii. 561; on bills for local purposes,
563.
Mayor, office of, i. 463.
Mellitus, his mission to Britain, i. 155; con-
verts the East Saxons, 156.
Melville, Andrew, instructs James VI., ii. 213,
Melville, Lord, impeached, i. 442, ii. 457.
Mercenaries, banished, i. 391.
Military System.
Merchant-gild, its relation to the borough,
i. 460, 463.
386.
Merchants, rights of, under Great Charter, i.
170; conversion of, 158; its supremacy
Mercia, origin of the kingdom, i. 46, 151, 154,
163; supremacy broken by Wessex, 163;
submission to Ecgberht, 166.
Metropolis, applied to the district surround-
ing London, ii. 569; area and population
of, 569; lack of municipal organization,
569; management act of 1855, 570.
Metropolitan Board of Works, constitution
and duties, 570; Metropolitan Police Act,
576, 577. See also London.
1769, ii. 495.
Middlesex, agitation by public meetings in
Middlesex, Earl of. See Cranfield, Lionel.
Military system, feudal system of military
service, i. 133; composition of the army
under Norman and Angevin kings, 296, ii.
194; modern militia represents the ancient
landfyrd, 312, 410; history of the standing
army, ii. 18 n.; need for mercenaries leads
to the commutation of personal service for
money payment, 194, 195; decay of the
feudal array, 195; reconstituted by means
of livery and maintenance, 195; crown
contracts with the reconstituted feudal
array, 195; feudal array practically abol-
ished, 195, 196; county militia revived
and rearmed by Henry II., 196; union of
the system of watch and ward and the
county militia, 197; effect of the statute
of Winchester, 197; enactment of Edward
III. to prevent the employment of the
militia abroad, 197; parliament declares
foreign service can only be compelled by
itself, 198; forcible recruiting under Henry
VIII., 198; billeting of soldiers forbidden
by Petition of Right, 270, 271; struggle
between king and parliament over control
of militia, 317, 318; organization of army
by parliament, 319; under Cromwell, 327-
329; disbandment of the standing army,
360; reorganization of the militia, 360;
nucleus of the regular army, 391; use of
the army by James II. to menace the capi-
tal, 400; Mutiny Act, use of by parliament
to control army, 421, 422.
Military tenures, origin of, i. 133; no distinct
mention of in Domesday, 236, 239, 295;
systematic establishment of, by Ranulf
Flambard, 239, 271; development of, in
England, 294-296.
Mill, J. S., on the central control of local
government, ii. 584.
Millenary Petition, presented to James I., ii.
217; protests from the universities, 217.
Miller, J., resists the right of the commons to
commit, ii. 485.
Milton, John, The Tenure of Kings and
Magistrates, ii. 345; Eikonoklastes, 345;
Areopagitica, 379.
Ministers, responsibility of, i. 397, 498, 503,
504, 542, ii. 259, 260, 438, 439; originally
were nobles sitting in the house of lords,
441; appearance of the commoners as,
441; question of right of commoner min-
isters to sit in the lower house, 441-444;
punished by dismissal, 457. See especially
Cabinet; Prime Minister.
Mir, the Russian village community, i. 101.
Mirror of Justices, i. 414.
Mitchell, Sir Francis, impeached as a mo-
nopolist, ii. 245, 246.
Mompesson, Sir Giles, impeached, i. 442, ii.
245, 246.
Monarchy. See King.
Monasteries, decline of, in the fourteenth cen-
tury, ii. 80; denounced by Wycliffe, 80;
confiscations under Henry V., 80; attempts
to reform, 80, 81; Wolsey attempts to
suppress the lesser, 81; report of the com-
missioners of visitation, 81; statute for
the suppression of the lesser, 82; popu-
larity in the north, 85; reaction against
the spoliation of, 85; demands for the
restoration of, 85; suppression of the
greater, 90; little gain derived by the king
from the spoliation of, 91; effect of the
dissolution of, on the care of the poor, 97,
188; on enclosures, 123.
Monk, General, enters London, ii. 356, 357;
agrees to admit presbyterians in the house
of commons conditionally, 357; made
commander-in-chief, 357; aims to secure
the restoration of Charles II., 357; fa-
vored by Charles II., 363.
Monmouth, Duke of, wins adherents, ii. 385;
forced flight, 388; invades England, 396;
defeated at Sedgemoor and executed, 396.
Monopolies, great number granted by Eliza-
beth, ii. 208, 209; conflict in the commons
over, 209; commons attack, 223; punished
by impeachment, 245; act passed regu-
lating, 251; revived by Charles I., 285.
Montague, Charles, his bill for the security
of the protestant religion, ii. 386; dis-
missed from the council, 397; proposes
contracting a national debt, 434; scheme
of a national bank, 434; bill for the incor-
poration of the Bank of England, 434;
appointed chancellor of the exchequer,
435; issues exchequer bills, 435.
Montague, Ralph, letter of Danby to, ii. 374.
Montague, Richard, Gog for the New Gospel,
ii. 256; Appello Cæsarem, 256; held to
have committed a contempt of the house
of commons, 257.
Montague, Viscount, ii. 162.
Montesquieu, his definition of the "Ger-
mania" of Tacitus, i. 94; on the framers
of the Great Charter, 386.
Montfort, Simon de, i. 400-404, 465-469, ii.
More, Sir Thomas, mentioned, ii. 34; in
parliament, 45; offends the king, 46; as a
diplomatist, 46; scope and character of
his Utopia, 46-48; made speaker, 49; and
Luther, 51; succeeds Wolsey as chancel-
lor, 56; refuses to give oath to support
the act of succession, 74; imprisonment,
74; indictment and execution, 79; popular
indignation over his execution, 79.
Morgan, Lewis H., quoted, i. 28.
Morice, his fate, ii. 208.
Morkere, son of Elfgar, disables Harold
by his treachery, i. 217, 230; elected earl
of the Northumbrians on Tostig's deposi-
tion, 230; keeps back from Harold's
southern march, 230; rising of, and sub-
mission to William, 234.
Morris, Robert, i. 62; his resignation, 63, 64.
Mort d'ancester, i. 247, 329.
Morton, Cardinal, attempts to reform the
clergy, ii. 80.
"Morton's fork," ii. 29.
Mortuary fees, regulated, ii. 63.
Müller, Max, on the origin and history of
the English tongue, i. 88; on the name
"Deutsch," 94.
Mundella, Mr., act for compulsory school at-
tendance, ii. 582.
Murdrum, i. 257.
"NABOBS," stimulate corruption, ii. 469,
Naseby, battle of, ii. 332.
Nation, idea of the state as a, i. 6.
National debt, origin, ii. 434; growth of, 511.
See also Financial System; Bank of Eng-
land.
National party, the, i. 70.
National unity in England, how promoted,
i. 154; sources of its weakness, 212–214;
consolidated by the Norman Conquest,
217, 234, 268, 269, 281, 282, 589.
Naturalization, recent legislation on, ii. 229;
in the Act of Settlement, 424; Mr. Hutt's
Naturalization Act of 1844, 424; the Nat-
uralization Act of 1870, 424; present status
of naturalization in England, 424.
Navy, the, its beginnings, i. 548, 549; con-
trolled by parliament, ii. 319.
Neile, Bishop, on the question of impositions,
ii. 237; question of privilege involved in
his case, 237.
Nennius, authority for the English conquest,
i. 121.
Neville, John, Lord, impeached, i. 441, 503.
Neville, undertakes to reconcile king and
commons, ii. 236.
New Model, Cromwell's, created and applied,
ii. 328, 329; refuses to be dissolved, 335,
336; converts religious independence into
political independence, 341.
Newark, royal charter granted, ii. 465; house
of commons denies royal right to limit the
suffrage in, 465.
Newbury, battle of, ii. 326, 327.
Newcastle, Duke of, driven from office, ii.
462; division of power with Pitt, 463.
New England, settlement of, i. 18, 19, 22, 23,
25; township in, 29-31, 35; town meeting
in, 31; the New England town a quasi
municipal corporation, 39; formation of
the New England confederation, 53; au-
thorities on, 54. See also America.
New France, extent of her power, i. 54; over-
thrown, 54.
"New Jersey Plan," the, i. 71.
New Netherland, manorial system in, i. 33,
35. See also New York.
New Orleans, settled by the French, i. 54.
News-letters, used to give parliamentary de-
bates, ii. 474; garbled reports in, 474, 475.
New York, state of, manorial system in, i.
33-35; cedes her Western claims to the
United States, 57.
Niebelungen-Lied, the i. 113.
Nimeguen, ii. 375.
Nisi prius, meaning of the term, i. 318.
Nobility, English, legal definition of, i. 350;
distinct from Continental, 350; ministerial,
rise of, i. 365.
Non-conformists, Elizabeth's attitude toward,
ii. 173; expulsion of, under Charles II.,
365.
Non-jurors, origin of, ii. 431.
Norfolk, case of the county of, ii. 203.
Norfolk, John Mowbray, duke of, his quarrel
with Henry of Lancaster, i. 512; banished,
512.
Norfolk, Thomas Howard, duke of, returned
to power, ii. 101; wishes a return to ca-
tholicism, 101; released from prison, 135.
Norman Conquest, marriage of Emma opens
the way for, i. 227; its effects on national
unity, 217, 234, 281, 282; its gradual ad-
vance, 234, 235; changes consequent on,
235 et seq.; its effects on kingship, 241,
242, 257; on local organizations, 252 et
seq.; its ecclesiastical effects, 258-264;
preserves the political continuity of Eng-
lish history, 278, 381, 424; establishes su-
premacy of the central government, ii. 3.
Normandy, duchy of, its beginnings, i. 220,
225; its relations with England, 220, 226,
227; French, Christian, and feudal char-
acter of, 226; feudalism in, 279; loss of,
under John, 365; political results of the
loss, 365, 366; lost to England, 555.
Norse mythology, i. 113, 114.
North, Lord, chief of a new Tory party, ii.
502; instrument in the hands of George
III., 503; surrender at Yorktown causes
his resignation, 503; on the power of a
king, 503 n.; coalesces with Fox, 506.
Northampton, assize of, i. 308; battle of,
558.
North Briton, The. See Wilkes, John.
Northmen, their invasions and settlements,
i. 219.
Northumberland, kingdom of, i. 150, 154,
170; partial conversion of, 156; its final
conversion by Irish missionaries, 158, 162;
union of, under Oswiu, 158, 163; suprem-
acy of, 162; submits to Ecgberht, 166.
Northumberland, Duke of, convenes par-
liament in 1553, ii. 131; his succession
schemes, 132; opposition to, 134; collapse
of his conspiracy, 135; executed, 136.
Norvell, Alexander, case of, ii. 203.
Nottingham, royal standard raised at, ii. 320.
Novel disseisin, i. 247, 329.
Noy, Sir William, suggests issue of ship-writs,
ii. 286.
OATES, TITUS, his fabrication about a catho-
lic plot, ii. 376, 377.
Oath, as a means of proof, i. 205.
Oaths Act, ii. 428.
Obstruction, defined, ii. 554; rules providing
for closure, 564.
Occasional Conformity Act, to thwart dis-
senters, ii. 426.
O'Connell, Daniel, and the Catholic Associa-
tion, ii. 430; radical proposals for reform
in representation, 525.
Odo, bishop of Bayeux, rebels against Wil-
liam Rufus, i. 270.
Odo, duke of the French, defeats the North-
men, i. 219; chosen king of the West
Franks, 219.
Offa, king of the Mercians, wars with the
West Saxons, i. 163.
Office-holders, right to sit in parliament lost,
ii. 440-444.
Oldcastle, Sir John, i. 539.
Oldfield's, Dr., Representative History on par-
liamentary representation, ii. 470.
Old Sarum, a nomination borough, ii. 466.
Oléron, Laws of, i. 549.
Onslow, Colonel, complaint against parlia-
mentary reporting of the press, ii. 485.
Onslow, Speaker, on effect of Septennial Act,
ii. 458.
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