the bristle of bayonets only sees in their glitter what beforehand he felt in his heart." "A man eager to learn will apply himself to study." "Poets are by no means wingless angels, fed with ambrosia plucked from Olympus, or manna rained down from heaven."

c. The latter part of an extended logical subject (III, p. 11); as, "To mourn deeply for the death of another loosens from myself the petty desire of life."

The increase of force and melody by the deferring of emphasis, is further illustrated in the treatment of complicated antithesis.

We have observed that all emphasis implies contrast of assertion with negation; but sometimes one emphasis is contrasted with another. This occurs in the rhetorical figure called antithesis (xv, p. 15), from which this species of emphasis derives its name.

Sometimes this contrast lies between single terms; as, "We must take heed not only to what we say, but to what we do."

Sometimes two sets of contrasted terms are involved"; as, "Without were fightings, within were fears."

Sometimes the contrast is triple, and even quadruple. The following is an example of the former :

To mark all these contrasts with the voice would produce a rude and jerky effect. This may be avoided by suppressing some of the earlier emphases, or rather by deferring them until they are retrospectively suggested by the words emphasized in the latter portion of the sentence. For example:- ·

"Persecution is not wrong because it is cruel, but cruel because it is wrong." If we defer the emphasis which

theoretically falls upon the word "wrong" in the first member, we relieve the sentence in point of euphony; and we recover the emphasis again when it is inferentially suggested by the corresponding words in the second member. Again:

"Weeping thou sat'st while all around thee smiled."

The same ends are attained by deferring the emphasis on "thou" in the first part. Once more:

"The difference between a madman and a fool is that the former reasons justly from false data, and the latter erroneously from just data." Defer the emphasis on "former" and "justly."

NOTE.-a. Both parts of a contrast should not be suppressed.

b. The first member is the one to be suppressed.

c. Rarely more than three members should be emphasized. d. If there are three antitheses, the emphasis should come generally on the last of each set.

EFFECT OF EMPHASIS ON OTHER INFLECTIONS.

It may be generally remarked that the influence of a strong emphasis is supreme in the sentence. It dominates all other inflections, and subordinates all rules to its imperative demands, even the rule of accent; as, "He must increase, but I must decrease."

The following are some of the specific modifications which it causes:

(1) Of the bend :—

When emphasis occurs on a word, or just before a word, which should be delivered with the bend, that inflection coincides with the upward turn of the emphatic wave; as, "Though deep', yet clear."

Rather be good' than seem to be'."

(2) Of the rising slide:

The effect of emphasis on the rising slide is to create a slight dip in the general direction of the voice; as, "Believe ye that I am able to do this?"

(3) Of the falling slide:

?)

Emphasis interrupts the falling slide by a momentary rise, which is followed by a continuation of the descent to the close, unless another emphasis intervene; as, "Who touched me?" "By what authority doest thou these things; or who gave thee this authority?"

(4) Of the waving slide:

?)

This inflection, which is used in indirect interrogatives, is the same in vocal effect as the wave of emphasis: it culminates on the accented syllable of the emphatic word, and is limited to the division of sense in which that word is comprised; as, “You saw him after the event occurred'?"

(5) Of the closes:

?)

When emphasis coincides with the partial or the perfect close, or occurs upon a word just preceding them, the wave is converted into a falling slide; as, "Nor is he willing to stop there." "Art may diminish', but cannot remove the difficulty."

EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE IN THE USE OF THE WAVE OF EMPHASIS.

The New Idea.

This fellow doth not cast out devils, but by Beelzebub, the prince of devils.

To die;-to sleep ;

To sleep! perchance to dream!-Ay, there's the rub;
For in that sleep of death what dreams may come,
When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,

Must give us pause.

Portia. A quarrel, ho, already? What's the matter?
Gratiano. About a hoop of gold, a paltry ring

Portia. You were to blame, I must be plain with you.
I gave my love a ring, etc. . .

Bassanio. Why, I were best to cut my left hand off

And swear I lost the ring defending it. [Aside.]
Gratiano. My lord Bassanio gave his ring away
Unto the judge, etc. . .

...

Portia. What ring gave you, my lord?

...

I will ne'er come in your bed
Until I see the ring.

Bassanio.

Sweet Portia,

If you did know to whom I gave the ring,
If you did know for whom I gave the ring,
And would conceive for what I gave the ring,
And how unwillingly I left the ring,
Where nought would be accepted but the ring,
You would abate the strength of your displeasure.

Emphasis repeated, to Intensify.

We must fight! I repeat it, sir, we must fight! Jesus therefore said unto them, "Whom seek ye?" They answered him, "Jesus of Nazareth." . . . Then asked he them again, "Whom seek ye?" And they said, "Jesus of Nazareth."

"He my master! He my master! he continued in louder tones, with his finger still pointed, and retreating backward, while his air and manner indicated the intensest abhorrence.

"He my master!" he a third time

cried, raising his voice to a higher key, while he retreated backward to the very lobby.

O the grave! the grave! it buries every error, covers every defect, extinguishes every resentment.

Hold! hold you wound me!

So much the worse-'tis lost! 'tis lost!-Heaven is to me the severest part of hell.

Blow, blow, thou winter wind!

Freeze, freeze, thou bitter sky!

Arm! way for remorse! arm! arm!

Free way for vengeance!

Down, slave! before the governor.

Down, down! and beg for mercy.

Hand and voice,

Awake! awake! and thou, my heart.

Awake!

Come back, come back, Horatius!
Loud cried the Fathers, all;

Back, Lartius! back, Herminius!

Back, ere the ruin fall!

O Swedes! Swedes!

Are ye men, and will ye suffer this?

Perjury, perjury, in the highest degree,

Murder, stern murder, in the direst degree,

Throng to the bar, crying all, Guilty! guilty!

Mere Reiteration.

Newton was a Christian! Newton, whose mind burst forth from the fetters cast by nature upon our finite conceptions; Newton, whose science was truth, and the foundation of whose knowledge of it was philosophy; Newton, who carried the line and rule to the