COMMITTEE ON NINETY-FOURTH CONGRESS NOVEMBER 5, 1975, FEBRUARY 26, AND MARCH 10, 1976 Printed for the use of the Committee on International Relations For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THOMAS E. MORGAN, Pennsylvania, Chairman CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI, Wisconsin L. H. FOUNTAIN, North Carolina ROY A. TAYLOR, North Carolina MICHAEL HARRINGTON, Massachusetts LEO J. RYAN, California CHARLES WILSON,1 Texas DONALD W. RIEGLE, JR., Michigan CARDISS COLLINS, Illinois STEPHEN J. SOLARZ, New York HELEN S. MEYNER, New Jersey DON BONKER, Washington GERRY E. STUDDS, Massachusetts WILLIAM S. BROOMFIELD, Michigan EDWARD G. BIESTER, JR., Pennsylvania BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York ROBERT J. LAGOMARSINO, California MARIAN A. CZARNECKI, Chief of Staff SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RESOURCES, FOOD, AND ENERGY CHARLES C. DIGGS, JR., Michigan, Chairman ROBERT N. C. NIX, Pennsylvania CARDISS COLLINS, Illinois STEPHEN J. SOLARZ, New York BENJAMIN A. GILMAN, New York PIERRE S. DU PONT, Delaware HERSCHELLE SULLIVAN CHALLENOR, Subcommittee Staff Consultant JAMES E. Fox, Minority Subcommittee Staff Consultant 1 Resigned from committee Feb. 3, 1976. 2 Assigned to committee, Feb. 18, 1976. CONTENTS WITNESSES Chamberlain, Robert, Officer in Charge of AID Affairs in Portuguese- Speaking Africa, Bureau for Africa, Agency for International Devel- Dalton, William R., Assistant Director for Planning, Office of Foreign Dis- Lockwood, Edgar, Director, Washington Office on Africa... Mulcahy, Hon. Edward W., Acting Assistant Secretary for African Affairs, Bowdler, Hon. William G., U.S. Ambassador to South Africa.. Mulcahy, Hon. Edward W., Deputy Assistant Secretary for African Affairs, Reed, John A., Jr., Director, Africa Region, Office of Assistant Secretary of Fugit, Edward F., Country Desk Officer for Angola, Department of State__ Keuch, Robert L., Acting Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Criminal Scott, Stanley S., Assistant Administrator, Africa Bureau, Agency for 99 MATERIAL SUBMITTED FOR THE RECORD Statement submitted by Department of Defense concerning the Africa Letter from Department of State on scientific satellite observations of Angola, including a list of contributions of foreign governments to the 97 Table provided by AID on development training for Portuguese-speaking Terms of the African-American Institute contract with the Agency for In- Table on U.S. exports to and imports from Angola, as submitted by AID__ Statement by AID as to the possible boycott of Angolan coffee by the U.S. 1. Relevant excerpts from hearing before the Subcommittees on African Affairs and on Foreign Assistance of the Committee on Foreign Rela- tions, U.S. Senate, on October 24, 1975, on "Security Supporting As- 2. Prepared statement of Sean Gervasi___ 3. Department of Defense organizational structure annotated.... 4. Letter from the Department of State concerning allegations made by 6. Report of Library of Congress, Congressional Research Service, on “An International Law Analysis of Certain Questions Relating to South Africa and Angola," by Moses Perry, February 24, 1976__. 7. Letter from Chairman Diggs to Department of State requesting a wit- 10. Text of press release issued by Congressional Black Caucus on Decem- ber 17, 1975, entitled "Congressional Black Caucus Demands End "Missing Americans," Washington Post, October 18, 1975- "United States, Soviet, China Reported Aiding Portugal, Angola," 13. Report on a seminar between a group of Americans and an official dele- gation from the People's Republic of Angola, held in Havana, Cuba, February 26-29, 1976, by Robert S. Browne- 14. Report of the Havana seminar by George M. Houser-- 15. Telegram sent by Chairman Diggs to the Department of State and the Department of Commerce concerning the revocation of export licenses for two Boeing 737 aircraft and responses by both agencies____. 16. Memorandum written to Hon. John V. Tunney, Member, U.S. Senate, DISASTER ASSISTANCE IN ANGOLA WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 1975 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, SUBCOMMITTEE ON INTERNATIONAL The subcommittee met at 3 p.m., in room 2255, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Charles C. Diggs, Jr. (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. Mr. DIGGS. The subcommittee will come to order. Today we are holding the first of three hearings entitled "Disaster Assistance in Angola." The purposes of today's hearing are to analyze : The nature and status of U.S. efforts to provide disaster assistance in Angola; the efforts made by the international community, including individual states and international organizations, with respect to disaster assistance; and, the impact of the war in Angola on the civilian population. In order to understand fully the above issues, it will also be necessary to focus on those developments which have given rise to the current situation in Angola and to the resulting need for disaster assistance. Of critical importance in any effort to analyze the issue of U.S. disaster relief to Angola is the key question of overall U.S. policy toward Angola. It is of particular concern that any efforts toward disaster assistance in Angola not be countered or negated by any U.S. assistance, either direct or indirect through other countries or third parties, to any of the parties involved in the current fighting in Angola. It is this fighting which has significantly contributed to and given rise to the need for disaster assistance and it will therefore be necessary to examine the U.S. policy and role with respect to the fighting in Angola. The current refugee and disaster situation in Angola grows out of an internal war in Angola. However, there are abundant reports of involvement in this war by the major powers, including the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, and the United States, and by other countries. In order to examine the need for disaster assistance in Angola, it will, therefore, be necessary to know the extent of involvement, direct or indirect, by other countries in the Angolan fighting, with particular attention to the role of the United States. Will the United States, for example, have contradictory policies whereby we offer disaster and refugee relief on the one hand but, through support of one or the other of the parties fighting in Angola, help to prolong and spread the conflict, thereby increasing the need |