the first meeting of the General Assembly, and again in every subsequent four years for the term of sixteen years. After each census, members shal be apportioned among the several counties according to the number of white inhabitants in each. The representatives shall not be less than 26, or more than 39, till the white population amounts to 125,000; afterward they shall not be less than 36, nor more than 72. For the first ten years, the salary of the governor shall not exceed $800; of the secretary of state and the auditor, $500 each; of the treasurer, $300, and of the judges of the supreme and district courts, $800 each. The governor and lieutenant governor shall be chosen for two years; they must be 30 years old, and have resided in the state for two years. The lieutenant governor shall be president of the senate, and shall be paid the same sum as the speaker of the house. A secretary of state, auditor, and treasurer, shall be chosen by the people each for two years. The supreme court shall consist of a chief justice and two associates, elected by joint vote of the General Assembly for four years, two of whom shall form a quorum. This court shall have appellate jurisdiction only in all chancery cases, and correct errors at law under restrictions provided by the General Assembly. The judges shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective districts, each for four years. There shall be elected in each county one judge of probate, one prosecuting attorney, and one clerk of the district court, each for two years. No State debts shall be created exceeding $100,000, except in case of war or insurrection, unless authorized by a special law, which shall provide for the payment of the interest, and of the principal within 20 years; which law shall be irrepealable, and, before going into effect, must be submitted to the people at a general election, and be approved by a majority of the voters. No act of incorporation, except for public improvement, shall continue longer than 20 years; the property of its members shall be liable for its debts, and the act may be repealed at any time by the Assembly. Private property shall not be used for any incorporated company without the consent of its owner. The State shall never become a stockholder in any corporation. No bank shall be created, except the act for its incorporation be approved by a majority of the voters at a general election. A Superintendent of Public Instruction shall be chosen by joint vote of the legislature for three years. All lands granted by Congress to this State, all escheated estates, and the five per cent. granted on the sale of the public lands in Iowa, shall constitute a perpetual fund, the interest of which shall be applied to the support of common schools. As soon as practicable, libraries in every township shall be provided, and all moneys received for exemption from military duty and for fines imposed by the courts, shall be appropriated to support such libraries. The money arising from the lease or sale of public lands granted for the support of a university shall remain a perpetual fund to maintain such an institution. Amendments to this constitution must be passed by a majority of all the members elected to both houses in two successive General Assemblies, and must then be submitted to the people, and ratified by a majority of the vot ers. The Assembly shall not propose amendments oftener than once in six years. Two thirds of the members of both houses may recommend a convention to revise or alter the constitution; and if a majority of the voters afterwards assent to this recommendation, such a convention may be called by the next legislature. The first meeting of the legislature shall be held on the first Monday in November after the acceptance of this constitution, at Iowa City, in Johnson county, which shall be the seat of goverment till 1865. XXXI. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. The District of Columbia is under the immediate government of Congress. The city of Washington became the seat of the government of the United States, in 1800; and it is the residence of the President, and the other chief executive officers of the national government. By an act of Congress, in 1846, which was subsequently accepted by the people of Alexandria, the city and county of Alexandria were retroceded to the State of Virginia, and the District is now confined to the Maryland side of the Potomac. This Court holds three terms a year, beginning respectively on the 1st Monday in March, the 3d Monday in June, and the 1st Monday in December. The present population of most of the above States has not been very recently ascertained with any exactness. BRITISH AMERICAN PROVINCES. LORD ELGIN, Governor-General, Vice-Admiral, and Captain-General of all the British Provinces of North America. Ern. Augustus do. do. do. 1799 Mar. 8, 1844 45 Lutheran July 6, 1796 Dec. 1, 1825 29 Greek Ch. Sep. 18, 1786 Dec. 3, 1839 54 Lutheran May 24, 1819 June 20, 1837 18 Pr. Episc. Dec. 6, 1792 Oct. 7, 1840 48 Reformed Dec. 16, 1790 July 21, 1831 40 Lutheran* Oct. 15, 1795 June 7, 1840 45 Evangelical May 18, 1797 June 6, 1836 39 Catholic* June 5, 1771 July 20, 1837 66 Protestant do. do. do. Fred. Francis Gr. Duke Mecklenburg-Schwer. Feb. 28, 1823 Mar. 7, 1842 19 Lutheran Oldenburg Nassau Ch. Frederick Gr. Duke Saxe-Weimar-Eisen Feb. 2, 1783 June 14, 1828 45 Lutheran George V. Augustus William Adolphus Duke Ernest Duke Anhalt-Dessau Anhalt-Bernburg, do. do. do. do. do. Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Jan. 2, 1784 Dec. 9, 1806 22 do. Char's Antony Prince Hohenzol'n Sigmar'n Feb 20, 1785 Oct. 17, 1831 46 Catholic May 26, 1796 Apr. 20, 1836 39 1792 June 21, 1846 54 do. do. do. do. do do. do. do. do. do. do. do.* June 1, 1815 May 7, 1832 17 *The King of Saxony is a Catholic, though the greater part of his subjects are Protestants; the King of Belgium is a Protestant, though his subjects are mostly Catholics; and the King of Greece is a Catholic, though most of his subjects are of the Greek Church. STATES OF EUROPE, with the form of Government, Square Miles, and Population, according to Mc Culloch's Geographical Dictionary, with corrections. Belgium, do. Do. do. *Bremen, Free City, Church,States of, Popedom, do. *Frankfort, Free City, Great Britain, Kingdom, Greece, do. *Hamburg, Free City, *Hanover, Kingdom, Republic; senate and convention, Republic; senate and common council, *Hesse Cassel, Electorate, do. 5,712 1,263,100 28,435 4,315,469 12,569 4,242,600 67 57,800 1,525 269,000 17,048 2,732,436 490 131,462 59,762 2,033,265 202,125 34,194,875 91 64,570 116,700 26,831,105 10,206 926,000 149 153.500 14,600 1,706,280 Do. Republic; senate and common council, do. Do. Absolute sovereignty, Do. do. Holland, with Luxemburg, Limited monarchy; two chambers, Ionian Islands, Republic, Under Brit. protec.; council and chamb., *Lichtenstein, Principality, Limited monarchy; with one chamber, *Lippe-Detmold, do. *Lubec, Free City, Lucca, Duchy, *Mecklen.-Schwerin, G. Du. *Mecklenburg-Strelitz, do. Modena and Massa, Duchy, Monaco, Principality, *Nassau, Duchy, *Oldenburg, Grand Duchy, Parma, Duchy, Portugal, Kingdom, *Prussia, do. *Reuss, Principalities of, †Russia, Empire, San Marino, Republic, Sardinia, Kingdom, *Saxony, do. *Saxe-Altenburg, Duchy, *Saxe-Cob'g and Gotha, do. *Saxe-Mein.-Hildburg., do. *Saxe-Weim.-Eisenach, do. *Schwartzburg, Principal of *Schauenburg-Lippe, Prin. Sicilies, The Two, Kingdom, Spain, Limited monarchy; with a council, Absolute sovereignty, Limited sovereignty; one chamber, *Member of the Confederation of Germany 106,302 14,330,146 588 103.550 2,041,809 62,500,000| + Including Poland. |