moment more and the shadowy outline of a fishing-schooner was seen, only to be again lost in the mist.

"That was a 'near thing!'" said George's companion. "These Banks fishermen have a dangerous calling, and many a ship has been lost here. The business still goes on, however; and the great catch of codfish in this locality, which largely supplies the American market, shows no signs of giving out."

LANGUAGE LESSON

1. Tell about six things to be seen in the "Frontispiece."

2. What is a "title-page"?

3. What is a "headpiece"? Where is there one?

4. Where have the Cartmells previously journeyed? (See Vols. II., III., IV., and V.)

5. Tell about the departure of the Cartmells for Europe.

6. Newfoundland fogs.

DRAWING LESSON

1. Draw a sketch map of the British Isles, and the route of the Cartmells.

2. Draw a sketch of a ship's log.

3. Draw a map of the Cunard track-chart.

4. Make a sketch of a ship's compass.

5. Draw a fishing-schooner.

LESSON ||

CROSSING THE ATLANTIC

MEANWHILE Mr. Cartmell had joined mamma, Miss Gray, and the girls, who were comfortably ensconced in one of the spacious drawing-rooms indoors. A cheery coal-fire, such an unusual luxury on shipboard, made one forget both illness

and bad weather. Some of the passengers were reading, some writing, others playing games or doing fancy-work.

"It is difficult to realize that we are at sea, is it not?" said Mr. Cartmell. "I have just been into the library, which I find well stocked with standard books. Here is something

relating to Newfoundland, which Miss Gray will read to you; it is about the first Atlantic cable."

"When was the cable laid, papa?" asked Nellie.

"The first cable was laid, and messages transmitted, in 1857. It then ceased to work. A second cable was laid in 1866, between Cape Clear, Ireland, and Heart's Content, Newfoundland, about 2,500 miles. It was a great step in our progress as a nation. Since then there have been several cables laid. The French cable runs from Brest to St. Pierre, a

Twin Screws.

small island near Newfound

land. But you will like to read about it yourself."

The weather continuing cold and unpleasant, the Cartmell party went early to their rooms for the night; but sleep seemed impossible with the incessant noise of the fog-whistle. At ten o'clock next morning Mr. Cartmell, George, and Fred were all ready for their exploring-trip with the officer who had previously extended an invitation.

After a hasty inspection of the kitchens, pantries, etc., and of the accommodations for the second-class and the steerage passengers,

their guide ushered them down several iron staircases to the engine-rooms. Here they saw the bewildering mass of complicated and powerful machinery which was forcing the great ship through the ocean at almost railroad speed.

"Here is one of the engineers," said their conductor to Mr. Cartmell. "He will be glad to explain the workings of the machinery."

"We shall be greatly indebted to him, I am sure," returned Mr. Cartmell. "I am particularly anxious for these

boys to see and appreciate the triumphs of modern steamship mechanism. To me it is marvellous."

"In the first place, sir," said the engineer, as he wiped a bit of the glistening brass-work, "this is a "twin-screw' ship; that is, it has two shafts and two propellers instead of one. Should one shaft break, the other will carry the ship along. Steam is generated in 12 boilers, each about 18 feet in diameter and 17 feet long.

"There are 102 furnaces. The main boilers will bear a pressure of 165 pounds to the square inch, and some of the plates are 20 feet long. Each set of boilers has a funnel. The top of the funnels is 130 feet from the bottom of the ship. "The coal-bunkers and the boilers are in water-tight bulkheads, completely shut off from the rest of the hull. Here we have the great condenser and the pumps for lifting the water. The engines are what are known as 'triple-expansion,' and produce something over 30,000 horse-power. We use over

300 tons of coal a day."

"How do you obtain your fresh water?" asked Mr. Cart

mell.

"From these four great evaporators, which are capable of producing 30 tons of fresh water a day."

"There are also engines for the electric lighting, I suppose?"

"Yes; we supply power for 1,350 lights, and the current is distributed through the ship by 50 miles of wire. We have machinery for refrigerating purposes also, and we even supply power to drive the hair-brushes in the barber shop," said the engineer, smiling. "Other engines hoist the cargo in and out, and control the rudder, which in ships of this size is entirely under water."

Seeing their interest, the engineer explained some of the machinery in detail; and two interesting and profitable hours were spent.