Stratford, Laud, and many others whose names are closely connected with English history."

When he pointed out the little room in which the good Jane Grey was locked up, several Cartmells dropped a tear in memory of the loved character. Miss Gray and George were interested in the rooms occupied by Sir Walter Raleigh when he wrote his "History of the World."

The Cartmell boys were pleased to see the many suits of armor, the various stacks of modern rifles, and other less death-dealing weapons.

All were deeply interested in the regalia, or crown jewels, now kept in the Wakefield Tower. Saint Edward's cross, the guide said, was once stolen, but recovered.

"In Queen Victoria's crown are nearly three thousand diamonds."

"Is that the real Koh-i-noor?"

"No. It is only a model. The real Mountain of Light' is kept at Windsor Castle."

The crown of the Prince of Wales was of pure gold without any jewels.

The guide finally led the Cartmells to the little church of "St. Peter-in-Chains," which stood in one corner of the inner ward. Here he told them are buried many noted persons, such as "the Earl of Essex, first the favorite, then the victim, of Elizabeth; the Duke of Norfolk, who in seeking the hand of Mary Queen of Scots found a scaffold and then a grave; the Duke of Monmouth, the bad son of a bad father.'" From the Tower they drove across the Thames over Tower Bridge.

"This is a new kind of bridge," Mr. French explained. "It consists of three spans. The roadway in the central span presents, as you now see, a broad expanse of wooden blocks 200 feet long and 50 feet wide. Beneath this roadway is a span 30 feet high, sufficient for small river craft.

When a larger vessel comes along, vehicles must stop, and the road-bed will part in the middle, and each leaf, or half, rise to a vertical position, being counterpoised on its inner end. It takes only one minute to do this."

"Do the foot-passengers have to wait?"

"No; they can enter a 'lift' in the Tower, and be carried up to the high-level footways 112 feet above us. All the machinery for operating the bridge is hydraulic. It took

eight years to build the bridge, and it cost six million dollars and seven lives."

Recrossing the bridge again, Mr. Cartmell took his family to see the East Side of London, where the poorer people live, on Whitechapel Road and Mile End. They found some good. buildings here, such as the London Hospital, Toynbee Hall, named after a young man who died while trying to help those poor people.

They also visited the People's Palace, a large institution

for the recreation, amusement, and advancement of the vast population here. Florence said she read all about it in Walter Besant's "All Sorts and Conditions of Men."

On the way home the leading characteristics of the English formed a topic of lively discussion. Mr. Cartmell said that he had noticed that the men in England usually dress soberly and quietly. They are neat and tidy. An Englishman rarely comes to breakfast in slippers and dressing-gown, but in a regular suit, coat buttoned up, and polished shoes.

Mrs. Cartmell said that she could not say as much for the women, who seem oftentimes to lack good taste in dressing; in fact, to be almost color blind. For instance, colors are often worn when quite inappropriate. A good-looking dress is spoiled by putting on too much jewelry, or some other unnecessary ornament.

Miss Gray agreed with Mrs. Cartmell; but she believed English women to be highly cultivated, and to show the effect of true education. They are very modest and womanly. If they are not as beautiful as American women, they are more lovely.

Mr. French added his observations. "The English are sturdy, faithful, truthful, and honest. They are sincere; their actions and words correspond. The men and women look very much like men and women in the same condition in the United States. The English face may have more color; the average weight may be greater than that of Americans. The real John Bull' of the pictures is just as scarce as our Jonathans.'

"Are the English great eaters?" George asked.

"They do not eat as much meat in a day as the average Yankee, because they do not often eat meat at breakfast. There is no such variety of food served in restaurants and hotels as in America. The Englishman likes a large joint, well cooked, and juicy. If he has meat in the morning he

prefers the joint to beefsteak.

In London restaurants can

It

often be seen about noon the notice, A hot joint at two o'clock.' English mutton is far superior to their beef. is mutton which is mutton without being muttony.'

"The English make the dinner very formal; with the upper classes everybody must appear in full evening dress. You have all noticed this, even in the Hotel Metropole. Persons are sometimes invited to a dinner to talk on some favorite subject."

Florence had noticed how soft and pleasant the voices of the women usually are. They speak with gentle modulation. When the mistress of the house speaks to her maid, both talk in sweet, clear, and low tones. It is rare to hear an English

woman raise her voice.

LANGUAGE LESSON.

1. Compare the Thames Embankment with any fine boulevard, street, road, or garden near your school or house.

2. Learn and write more about Cleopatra's Needle, Waterloo Bridge, and Billingsgate.

3. Compare the Tower of London with the Old South Church, Boston, Independence Hall, Philadelphia, or any historical building near your school or home.

4. Compare Tower Bridge with Brooklyn Bridge in Greater New York, or with some large bridge in your own town, city, or State.

5. Compare the English people with the French, the Germans, or with Americans.

LESSON XIII

THROUGH THE HEART OF ENGLAND BY CARRIAGE

THE Cartmells decided after several experiences to employ the drag for their long trips, as it proved to be very comfortable in the drives through the city.

Bright and early Monday morning they started for Windsor Castle.

They drove from Charing Cross over a part of the same

route taken in Lesson XI. Beyond Kensington they soon came to the small town of Hammersmith. A few miles beyond this town they saw the Thames River; but this river was not seen again for a long distance, as it curves away to