ence of females at theatrical representations is briefly discussed and authoritatively decided in the affirmative. Professor Anthon copies the substance of the note, and all the references, as if he were expressing his own opinions, thus. “We have no doubt that women were admitted to the dramatic exhibitions. Julius Pollux uses the term sargia," &c. As we before intimated, we regard this statement in the compilation and the Dictionary, at least in the form in which it is given by both, as a mistake. The Professor should have copied the doubts hinted at by the compiler, as well as the strong conclusion at which he arrives. Böttiger, whose name has already been quoted upon this point, examined the subject most minutely, and argued it with ingenuity and erudition, in three essays, published originally, the first two in Wieland's "Deutscher Mercur" for 1796 and 1797, and the third in the "Morgenblatt für gebildete Stände," 1808, (Numbers 309-311;) and republished in Sillig's collection of Böttiger's "Kleine Schriften," (Vol. I. p. 293, et seq.) These essays are a beautiful specimen of antiquarian research, and an excellent model of scholar-like disquisition; learned, but lively; minute, without being tedious; comprehensive and conclusive. No scholar can be on a level with the literature of this curious question until he has become familiar with them. 66 We observe in the philosophical articles, that a great deal has been borrowed from the English translation of Ritter's History of Philosophy." A great part of the elaborate account of Plato, for example, is very closely copied from that translation. Professor Anthon ought to have used the original, and the second edition; for Ritter saw reason to make many important alterations, particularly with regard to the views he had presented of Plato and the Platonic philosophy. The first edition of his work was carefully examined in one of the learned journals of Germany, -Jahn's "Jahrbuch der Philologie," we think, in which its errors were pointed out, and with so much ability, that Ritter remodelled his sketch of Plato according to the more correct opinions of his reviewer. This service to the history of philosophy was performed, we believe, by Dr. H. F. Hermann, the accomplished Professor in the University of Marburg, and author of a learned work entitled "Geschichte und System der Platonischen Philosophie," which Dr. Anthon would have done well to use more than he seems to have done. We have, therefore, in - NO. 114. 25 Professor Anthon's Dictionary, instead of a well-considered view of Plato and his school, drawn from original sources and from the latest and best illustrative works, a copy, to a considerable extent, of an English translation of statements, rejected upon fuller investigation, by their author himself. We had intended to follow out this branch of our subject somewhat further; but we have only room to mention a few miscellaneous omissions with such desultory comment as may occur. If the classical scholar should chance, in the course of his studies, to meet with the name of Polus, the celebrated actor, he will not find it in the "Classical Dictionary," excepting where it is incidentally mentioned in the article "Theatre, under the head of actors. The name does not occur in its alphabetical place; and nothing is stated of this somewhat famous personage, when the name occurs, except the fact of his having made the sum of a talent by the performances of two days. He will be astonished to find no mention of Zenodotus, the celebrated critic of Alexandria, and one of the revisers of the Homeric poems; of Zenobius, a collector of proverbs still extant, and found in Gaisford's "Parœmiographi Græci"; nor of a writer of the same name and the author of a small tract on the cries of animals, published by Valckenaer; nor of another, a writer belonging to Trozen, who was a stoic philosopher. Besides the Zenos, mentioned by Dr. Anthon, there were, a Sidonian, an Epicurean, whom Cicero heard at Athens; another, a sophist and physician, of whom an account is given by Eunapius; another from Rhodes, an historian contemporary with Polybius. We do not find the name of Zeuxippus, of Gnossus, an Academic philosopher, and the successor of Enesidemus who flourished under Augustus; nor of Zeuxis, the medical writer of the same name, who commented on Hippocrates; nor of Zeuxis, the Satrap of Lydia, under Antiochus the Great. Zopyrus, an historian, of Byzantium, is not mentioned; nor the physiognomist, of the same. name, contemporary with Socrates, who pronounced the famous character of the philosopher, that he was stupid and licentious, and who is spoken of several times by Cicero ; nor is Zopyrio, the Alexandrian grammarian; nor Zosimus, the author of a life of Demosthenes; nor Zoticus, of Smyrna, the infamous favorite of Eliogabalus; nor Zeuxidamus, son of Archidamus, king of Sparta; nor the Spartan of the same name, the son of Leotychides; nor Zenarchus, the Peripatetic philosopher, born at Seleucia, in Cilicia, whom Strabo heard, and who taught at Alexandria, Athens, and Rome, and enjoyed the patronage of Augustus; nor Zenodorus, a petty ruler in Trachonitis, who drew upon himself the displeasure of Augustus by encouraging the plundering of the caravans which passed through his country, and part of whose territory was bestowed on Herod. Professor Anthon speaks of having devoted particular attention to the geographical articles; and some of them are prepared apparently with elaborate care. After a somewhat close examination, we have the same charges to bring against his method of proceeding in this department, that we have already brought against other parts of the work. We mean the taking of entire articles, with slight alterations, from other writers, copying the authorities cited by them, and placing the author's name at the end, as a collateral authority; as if the articles had been written by Dr. Anthon himself, and the real author had only been consulted among others; and in the next place many omissions. Cramer's Greece has been a most convenient mine from which to obtain articles of this sort; not the materials simply, but the finished articles. For example, more than three columns are taken bodily from Cramer, in the article on Thessaly; about twenty-four lines are from some other source; and at the end we have this imposing array of authorities" (Xen. Hist. Gr. 6. 1. 4; Aristot. de Rep. 2. 9; Cram. Anc. Greece, Vol. 1, p. 343, sqq.)" In the original part of the article, it is said, "Its coasts, especially the Sinus Pagasæus, afforded the best harbour for shipping; but the coast of Magnesia was noted for being aliuevos, or harbourless, as it is expressly called by Euripides. The article on Thrace, too, is constructed in the same way; it is all taken, with a few slight changes, and the omission of a few sentences. Many other principal geographical articles are done upon the same convenient plan. Full as are some portions of the geographical department, there is, as has been hinted, an immense number of omissions of names which occur in common authors. The student who should rely wholly on Dr. Anthon, for geographical illustrations of almost any author, would find his work, with the exception of the more important names, quite unsatisfactory. Our opinion is, that a classical dictionary ought to contain all the names of places, even the smallest, that are mentioned by one or at most by two authors. If we try Dr. Anthon's book by this rule, the deficiencies will be found surprising. Taking a single letter, the last for example, we shall find a very large number of geographical names utterly neglected. Some of them are not of much importance, but all occur in good authors. The following are instances. Zabda, a fortress on the Tigris, called also Phoenice, lying northeast of Nisibis. This occurs in the Dictionary under Zabdicene, but not by itself, or under its other name, Bezabda; the surrounding people were called Zabdiceni. Zagrus, or Zagrius, the point of Mount Taurus, separating Media from Assyria. Zaitha, or Zantha, a town in Mesopotamia, near the Chaboras. Here, or at the neighbouring town of Dura, the Emperor Gordian was buried. Zalake, a town of north Media, on the Amardus (which also is omitted), mentioned by Ptolemy. Zaradrus, or Hesidrus, (neither name is given by Anthon,) supposed by Mannert to be the Suttledge. Zadracarta, the principal city of Hyrcania, mentioned by Arrian and others. Zenodotium, a castle in Mesopotamia. Zethis, a town in Carmania, mentioned by Pliny. Zimara, a town of lesser Armenia, on the west bank of the Euphrates, according to Mannert twelve geographical miles distant from the junction of its two arms. Zagora, or Zagoron, mentioned by Arrian, a castle between the Halys and Sinope. Zalecus, or Zaliscus, a river of Paphlagonia, two hundred and ten stades northwest of the Halys. Zaliche, or Leontopolis, a town of Paphlagonia, probably lying in a mountain pass near the Zaliscus. Zama, a town of Cappadocia, near the northwest border of the country, six geographical miles northwest of Sarnena. Zara, a town in the northern part of Cappadocia, between Carinisa and Nicopolis. Zenobia, a town founded by the Queen of Palmyra, on the site of Thapsacus. Zephyrium, besides the two mentioned by Anthon, 1. a promontory and town of Pontus, ninety stades from Tripolis, now Zefre, or Zafra, known to various ancient authors; 2. a place sixty stades from the promontory of Carambis, in Paphlagonia; 3. a promontory of Crete, now Cape St. Juan; 4. another of Marmarica; 5. another of Cyrene. Zigana, or Ziganna, a town of Cappadocia not far south of Trapezus, known to the Itin. Anton., and garrisoned by the secunda cohors Valentiana. Zoropassus, a town in Cappadocia. Zoparistus, do. Zermizegethusa, a royal residence or town in Dacia, near Graditz, in Wallachia, (Dio Cass. Lib. 68.) Zaca, an old town in Bootia; (Steph. Byz.) Zarex, 1. a town and mountain of Laconia; (the town lay two hundred stades from Epidaurus, and belonged to the Eleutherolacones, when that confederacy was instituted); 2. a rock in Euboea (Cramer). Zelasium, a promontory of Magnesia, above Demetrias, opposite to the islands now called Trikkero (Cramer). Zephyre, an island near Crete, off Cape Sammonium, one of those now called Grades. Zelea, an old and important town of Bithynia, mentioned in Homer as on the sepus. Its troops were commanded by Pandarus in the Trojan war. To this place belonged Arthmius, who came into Greece to bribe the Athenians and others about the time of the Persian war; (Demosthenes, Æschin. &c.) Zerynthus, a place near Ænus, in Thrace, where Apollo was worshipped, and a cave existed, sacred to Hecate. Zoster, a promontory of Attica, near the demus Anagyrrhasia, consisting of several small projecting points which the fleet of Xerxes mistook for ships (Herod.). Zea, the outer part of the Piræus at Athens. Zoetia, or Zoeteum, in Arcadia, a town deserted in the days of Pausanias, but containing temples of Demeter and Artemis. Zygætes, a river of Thrace, that takes its rise in the Rhodope mountains. It is joined by the Argitas, which gives name to the united stream (Col. Leake). We observe, too, in the article "Egypt," that Ægyptus, as the ancient name of the river Nile, is omitted, although it is spoken of in the Odyssey. In the article Pharos, Professor Anthon makes the surprising statement, that the tower which bore that name “was built with white marble, and could be seen at the distance of 100 miles." Truly, it must have been not only one of the seven wonders of the world, but a greater wonder than all the seven put together. It would have been visible from Memphis, and about half way to the island of Cyprus; it would have been twenty-four times as high as Bunker Hill Monument will be when completed, and nearly ten times as high as the Pyramid of Cheops. Had it been a mile high it could have been seen only at the distance of ninety-six miles and a half. Further on, he says; "The name Pharos itself would seem to have been given to the tower first, and after that to the island, if the Greek etymology be the true one, according to which the term comes from the Greek goo to shine, or be bright." But the island was called Pharos in the time of Homer. -- Νῆσος ἔπειτά τις ἔστι πολυκλύστῳ ἐνὶ πόντῳ, |