stock. Judge Holt has a farm just out of town on the west side of the river. The Judge is absent much of his time attending courts, but his crops and stock speak well of his skill as a farmer. He has a fine blood horse, and a very choice lot of improved Durham cattle. The latter are mainly from the herd of Ex-Governor Trimble of Hillsboro, and are decendants from the finest of the importations of the Ohio Cattle Importing Co.We have rarely, if ever, seen more perfect animals than several of these. Indeed the county of Montgomery would be hard to beat in a show of Durham cattle, if all the farmers who own them would bring them out at an exhibition. Of Nurseries and Gardens there are a number of very respectable ones around Dayton. That of Mr. Jennison is mainly devoted to greenhouse plants and ornamental shrubbery. It contains a large collection of cacti, geraniums, roses, &c.The fruit-tree nursery of Mr. Haines is well supplied with articles in that line, as are also two or three other establishments, out of town. Here we would remark that with the fine wide streets, and very large house-lots of Dayton, there should be more general attention paid to horticultural embellishment in that town. Why not form a horticultural society, and hold an annual exhibibition at the time of the agricultural show? The mechanics, too, should have an association and bring out good specimens of their handiwork.But we'll say no more at this time. If our friend Greatrake, who is there, sends us fifty new subscribers we may have another talk on these matters before long. upon meadows, in the spring, "in the going up of the moon," will invariable rise upon, and among the grass; but if it be spread "in the going down of the moon," it will cause no obstruction to the mowers scythe whatever-it will sink so close to the ground as to cause no hindrance, even to the rakers. It is an incontrovertible fact, that shingles nailed upon the roof of a house, or pig-pen either, "in the new of the moon" will invariably rise up and throw out the nails. of Durham cattle, among which are several very be had, we request such as may desire them, to have sunk very little if any. Manure spread fine cows, and some beautiful young grade let us know.) We had not time to visit Mr. Whiteley, the maker of the beautiful wrought iron plows, and the admirable contrivance for plowing with three horses, but if any of our neighbors wish to procure this kind, we will order them, and they can easily be forwarded.The price, we believe, is $13 to $15. Visit to the Yellow Springs.-From Springfield we started in company with our friend C. F. Me Williams, on a trip to South Charleston, via. Yellow Springs and Clifton. The weather being These, Mr. Editor, are only a few of the thouvery warm, we willingly accepted the invitation sand and one instance which might be mentionof the hospitable proprietor to rest and refresh ed. But as I like to be particular, I will menourselves till afternoon at the springs. This tion one or two more before I close. charming and health-giving summer retreat, is It is a notorious fact, to which every intelligent now the property and private residence of Wil-house-wife will testify that beef or pork, or other liam Neff Esq., formerly a wealthy merchant and meat which had been killed "in the old of the amateur farmer at Cincinnati, and owner of the moon," will shrink in the pot. But if it had been finest herd of Durham cattle that were ever to- killed "in the new of the moon," it will not ongether in Ohio. He disposed of his farm at ly retain its full size, but come out rather larger that place 2 or 3 years ago, and purchased the than it was before cooking. property at Yellow Springs, where he resides for Farmers, once a year, are obliged to perpetrate the purpose of educating his children, and grati- an act of necessary cruelty upon their pigs and fying his taste for horticultural pursuits by impro-and lambs. And this, too, must be done in a ving and ornamenting the grounds. We felt re- proper time of the moon, And in relation to joiced to see the property in such suitable hands, this matter, as well as some others, the SIGN must at the same time we could not but express a hope be right. that it will not be very long before the public will be permitted to enjoy the benefits of this Saratoga of Ohio. Certain we are, no other place in the State will at all compare with it for beauty and wildness of scenery and the hygenic excellence of its waters. We would attempt a description of the grounds and scenery, but our space at present will not permit. Then too, the talented and sprightly companion who was with us on the occasion, could do the subject so much better justice, that we must solicit a sketch from his pen. Don't forget the mysterious cave, friend Mac; nor omit the wild and rocky gorge at Clifton! CLARK COUNTY. The weather was so very hot that we could not visit as many farms as it was our intention to till our next, an account of our visit to South Charleston. Notes taken around Cincinnati last month, are also crowded ont again. For the Ohio Cultivator. have done in Clark county; and we find that our road now in progress of construction from Cincinnati to Lake Erie. Its excellent water power also affords advantages for manufacturing which cannot fail to prove highly valuable. The place is now growing rapidly, and among other buildings in process of erection is a large Baptist church. A Lutheren college is also commenced or about to be. any are adduced." A Mr. C. Casebeir, an extensive farmer, formerly a resident here, used to do all his farming, it is said, when the moon and sign were both right; and he almost uniformly produced as much wheat from 25 acres as some other farmers did from 50 acres. And this success was owing to the fact that others were too negligent to obey the dictates of the moon and the signs. They were too careless to consult their Almanacs. The story runs, that Mr. C. in one instance, having failed through a long continuance of wet weather, to put in his crop just at the right time, positively refused to sow any wheat for that year-arguing very properly, that no crop never pays for the labor expended. of wheat is better than a poor one, as such a crop My old friend J. T. Pugsley, would undoubtedly find a satisfactory solution of his difficulties in the management of sheep, in the changes of the moon. ter wool than they did in Dutchess county New The fact that his sheep produce shorYork, is solely attributable to the fact, that they were sheared "in the going down of the moon." My friend should look to his Almanac hereafter, before he begins to clip. the weather, I would ask whoever knew it to In regard to the influence of the moon upon storm at any other time than very near the changes of the moon-either the new, or full, or first or second quarters, or within a very few days of Having been one of your readers from the same one of these changes. being also a subscriber, I draw the conclusion in strict accordance with the theories of Justus commencement of your enterprize here, and I am aware that these established facts are not from the unrestricted license extended in your Liebig, Dionysius Lardner, and some other mere article, that I am at perfect liberty to inflict a let-theorists; but theories are of little consequence, ter upon you, in relation to the subject. when not reconciled by facts. That the moon has an influence upon agriculture, is a "FACT" that farmers in this section unYours, &c., G. R. derstand perfectly well. It is the prevalent opin-butor, from whom we shall be glad to hear aRemarks.-The foregoing is by a new contriion of farmers here, and mechanics too, that the gain. We are not quite sure that the above is in influence does exist; therefore it is a FACT. further, it is a FACT, because every body says so; ject seriously; but we believe it is a fair exposi And accordance with our promise to discuss that subof course "what every body says must be true." We are a truth-telling people. POSTSCRIPT!-Since writing the foregoing paragraph, our excellent agent, Mr. Greatrake, has sent us a list of fifty six new subscribers, which, with those already on our book, make 107 at the Springfield office! May we not well say, that is But let us descend a little to particulars. It is an intelligent community? Depend upon it, we a fact that potatoes, beets, turnips, &c., and all shall see great improvements in that region, in a such other plants as grow in the ground, will, if year or two. What say you farmers and citizens, planted or sowed "in the new moon," produce to awakening the county agricultural society, tops or vines, and no roots. This fact, every from its sleep of years, and having a grand exhi- horticulturist should understand. It is a fact bition at Springfield the coming fall? (Bye the that wheat, corn, oats, and all other plants that way, Springfield is now just 14 names ahead grow out of the ground, will produce roots, and of Chillicothe, on our list! What say you to no stalk, or seed if sowed "in the old of the that, Chillicotheans?) moon." This fact ever farmer should not fail to The Franklin Plow.-Which received the try to understand. It is an important fact, that highest meed of praise at the Agricultural Con- timber (with the exception of Hickory, which vention, is manufactured by Mr. A. Franklin, ought to be cut "in the new of the moon," to about 3 miles from Springfield. On calling on avoid the action of the worms,) for rails, building, him he informed us that if several of the plows or other purposes, should be cut "in the old of were wanted, he would send them to Columbus, the moon," to avoid its liability to decay. It is at $13 each. The price at his shop, for a well a fact that a rail fence laid "in the old of the finished article, is $12. With extra finish, like Moon" will sink into the ground from six to ten the one at the exhibition, 2 or $3 extra. (As inches in a short time; but if the same fence had several persons have inquired where they can been laid "in the new of the moon," it would tion of the opinions and arguments of the majority of the believers in moon farming. More on this subject in our next.-ED. Chemistry and Agriculture – Lime. Mr. BATEHAM:-Doubtles there are many of your readers that would be pleased to hear something definite and practical on the use of chemistry to the FARMER. Though I cannot lay claim to being of that noble and useful calling, the subject has engaged much of my attention for several years. I propose to send you an occa sional communication, showing how intimately chemistry is connected with the pursuits of the Agriculturist. I shall endeavor to state facts in a plain, brief, practical manner. And should any of your readers wish to have their soils analysed, let them send them on. (See advertisement.) One of the most important improvements in modern times, is, the use of mineral substances, as manures. Much has been said for and aganist their employment. To say a thing is good or bad, without knowing all the circumstances that may influence it, is as absurd as for a sailor to pronounce the wind to be fair, without knowing the course of the ship. At present, we wish to consider the use of quick lime. Lime will be found useful in three conditions of soil-1st. When it is deficient. 2d. Where there is an excess of inert vegetable matter. 3d. Where salts of iron abound. Lime is indispensibly necessary to the growth of plants, enters into the composition of all kinds of crops, and is the first element of the soil to be exhausted. An acre of wheat, producing 25 bushels, will require nearly 9 pounds; 2 tons of red clover, 126 pounds; and 9 tons of potatoes, 266 pounds of lime. It is soluble in water containing carbonic acid. A hogshead of water with carbonic acid, will disolve 1-2 pound of lim stone. The following experiment has been made. Lime was added to the soil, to the amount of 1 1-5 per cent; at the end of four years only 1-5th of the original quantity remained. It has been found that 300 bushels of quick lime to the acre, had disappeared from the soil at the end of 20 years. Hence it is found necessary to repeat the lime from time to time. It will be most productive to renew it at intervals of from 3 to 5 years. ing and fattening hogs of a younger age than is forth some of the principles upon which its use commonly practised in this country. See Ohio depends. Cultivator, No. 5, page 36. SPRING PIGS MORE PROFITABLE THAN STORE PIGS. It pulverizes the soil. Every one knows the benefits arising from this process. A free access is given to the air, and the gases which are Knowing your wish is to circulate useful infor- always floating in it. The carbonic acid and mation, I place at your disposal sundry facts con- ammonia which we have often spoken of as the nected with an experiment to ascertain whether essential food of plants, circulate through all any advantage could be derive from keeping pigs the soil, and are equally distributed to the roots through the winter. From this, I am of the opin- of plants. These, unobstructed, can also extend ion, that to keep what are usually termed "store themselves farther in all directions, and find an pigs," is unprofitable to the farmer, unless the abundant supply of nutriment. number kept is confined to the consumption of The access of the air, also assists in the decay food only (house offal) that has no remarkable of any vegetable or animal matter which the value; for it is clearly proved by the statements soil may contain. This, whilst the air is excludbelow, that the weight gained during the cold ed, lies inactive, or is converted into substances season, will not compensate for the extra cost of which are injurious. But by the action of the six month's feeding." oxygen of the air, a thorough decomposition takes place, and the elements of the plants are restored to the soil to become the food of a new race. Besides this, there are certain compounds of the metals with oxygen; which in one form, are active poisons to all vegetable life. This is where they are united with only one portion of the oxygen, but when they are combined with more, the effect is different. Now, when the admission of air is not free, the decaying substances in the soil take away the oxygen from these higher forms of combination and leave one which is injurious. Some of the salts of the metals are produced in the same way, which destroys vegetation. The pigs used for experiment, were of three A, 3 pigs, half Chinese and half Berkshire. Class. Farrowed. Slaughtered. Age. A Oct'r 10 Dec. 17 14 mo. After lime has been repeatedly applied to the same land, it ceases to produce beneficial results; this is either from the land being sufficiently supplied with lime, or some other element becoming exhausted. When this is the case, we must ascertain what that element is, and supply it, if possible. Most probably, barn yard manure will B Oct. 22 furnish the required substance. It is well to alternate lime and barn yard manure, at intervals of from 2 to 4 years. 1843. 1844. After vegetable matter has passed through the C April 10 first stage of decomposition, it remains in an inactive state, producing but little, if any effect on vegetation; lime seems to possess the power of renewing and hastening those changes by means of which the dead vegetable becomes food for the living plant. Soils of different characters will need lime in different proportions. Thus a heavy clay soil will be benefited by larger quantities of lime than a light sandy one containing but little remains of plants. The quantity of lime that has been used, varies from 30 to 300 bushels to the acre, of course the smaller quantity has to be renewed at shorter intervals. Soils containing salts of iron are unproductive. Lime decomposes these compounds and forms new ones highly beneficial to vegetation. Soils based on limestone may be entirely destitute of this earth. Where lime exists in the form of lime-stone, or marl (carbonate of lime,) it may easily be recognized by its foaming on the addition of vinegar, but other compounds of lime may be there, not so readily detected. Gain of weight during life. per day 7 days, 285 298 7 mo. The pigs of class A had not the advantage of As a further illustration of the truth of my hypothesis, let us, from the whole age of B, 421 days, and the whole age of C, 241 days, deduct the age when weaned, 42 days, and we shall have the time fed of B 379 days, and of C 199 days. Again, let us from the average weight of B, 313 lbs., and the average weight of C, 249 lbs., deduct the presumed weight if slaughtered when weaned (20 lbs.,) which gives the weight gained by B during the feeding 293 lbs., and of C 223 pounds. But another and more common-sense view of the subject is, that B was fed a little over 6 months, and gained 229 lbs. Difference for 6 months' feed only 64 lbs. The action of the air upon the inorganic parts of the soil, is not less worthy of notice. All soils contain portions of rocks, in an undecomposed state, which consist of elements of great fertility. By plowing, these are turned up to the air, and thus exposed to decay more or less rapidly; restoring the very elements which may have been exhausted by previous cropping. The germination of seeds is aided by pulverizing the soil. For this process to take place, the presence of oxygen is necessary. Now, seeds buried deep in the ground, or even at a slight depth, and surrounded by compact earth, cannot grow. This is always found to be the case in plowing land that has been laid down to grass. New kinds of plants will start up in abundance, and seeds, no doubt, may lie buried in the soil for many years in an inactive state, merely for the want of air. There are numerous other benefits arising from plowing. It drains the surface of superfluous water, and, on the other hand, counteracts the effects of drought, by assisting the moisture to ascend from below. If done in the fall, it kills the larvæ of insects, which have been laid in the ground to winter, and also buries the seeds of many weeds too deep to germinate. But plowing, as done in this country, is only turning over the surface. Deep plowing is rarely practised. And we have often heard men mistake it for subsoiling. But the latter process consists only in stirring up the subsoil with a plow constructed for the purpose, without bringing any of it to the surface; whearas, ni deep plowing, the lower portions of the soil are all brought to the suface, or mixed with the surface soil. There are benefits resulting from this when practised right. The soil may contain lime either in simple combination as miarl or plaster of Paris, (gypsum or sulphate of lime,) or it may be combined with other earths in the compound rocks. In either case, plants may appropriate it, but most readily in the first condition. When it is found only in the latter state, quick lime or marl, may be added with advantage. Professor Hitchcock, in his examination of the soils of Massachusetts, and that B, from 6 months' to 12 months' feeding age, Superadded to these facts, it must be admitted the carbonate of lime in but few specimens-the consumed much more food than C consumed sulphate of lime was found in most of them, va- from 0 to 6 months; consequently that B, during rying from 1-10 of 1 pr. ct., to 5 pr. ct. There his whole feeding time, consumed more than was probably lime in combination in the rocks double the quantity that C consumed during his in most of these soils. Many of your readers whole feeding time. manner. Ergo, that C was about know the character of these fields, from experi- 100 per cent more profitable than B. Yours, &c., C. W. RAYMOND, M. D. Cincinnati, July 9, 1845. ence. W. It is a fact, perfectly plain to every one, that the rain falling upon the soil, and passing through down to a greater or less depth into the earth. it, must, gradually at least, dissolve all the soluble substances it meets with, and carry them And not these only, but those substances which are not already soluble, but which are in a finely divided state, will be washed down in the same We may suppose that, in this way alone, a surface soil, when nothing is applied, may, from year to year, be drained of its most valuable parts, and at the same time, an accumulation of them take place at a depth below what the plow ordinarily reaches. Under these cirNext to the free manuring of the soil, nothing cumstances, the under soil will contain the eleOn Pork Raising. is of more importance in agriculture than plow-ments of great fertility, whilst the surface soil We commend the following article, from the ing. Indeed, it may be said to rank before ma- may be very unproductive. It will readily ocAmerican Agriculturist, to the special attention nures, inasmuch as their application can be of cur to any one, that in such a case, the proper of the pork making farmers of Ohio. It will be little service, unless the ground is prepared to course will be, to plow deep-to turn up this receive them, by means of the plow. It is not under soil and make it the top soil. This is unseen that it strongly coroborates what we have out intention here to say anything of the me- doubtedly true. The fact is, that the plow is very before stated respecting the advantages of feed-chanical part of this process, but simply to set rarely carried to any considerable depth-from 4 From the Amer. Quar. Jour. of Agriculture. to 6 inches being probably as deep as almost any farmer plows. Hence the soil below this will be constantly becoming richer, whilst the surface becomes poor. Now, if the plow were to be carried from six to twelve inches deep, this fertile portion would be brought to the top and furnish a new soil. That this is correct in principle, there can be no doubt. Yet caution is necessary in putting it into practice. Those substance which are valuable as food for plants, are not the only ones which sink down through the soil. Many will be found which are actually injurious, and which, if brought to the surface, would destroy all hope of a crop. The solid state of the under soil prevents also, the free access of the atmosphere, and therefore this soil will not have undergone that thorough decomposition which is necessary to fit it to be productive. Deep plowing should therefore be done either. I. Gradually. Year after year the plow may be driven deeper, bringing up and mixing with the surface soil the lower portions, which will thus, without material injury, be gradually incorporated and form a deep soil. This will probably be found the b st course, as there is little risk in it of doing injury to the present soil, by mixing too large a quantity of noxious substances with it. Or, Charlotte-5 do years old, do Diana-6 years old, J. W. Bishop, Berkshire co. Mass..... 155 00 HEIFERS AND HEIFER CALVES. do do do do Caty-11 months old, W. S. Packer, Brooklyn... Jilt-10 months old, Wm. Kelley, Rhineheck......... BULLS AND BULL CALVES. Tyro-5 months old, J. B. Nott, Guilderland... Duke-6 months old, Gen. Kimball, Newfane, Vermont... Fairfax-5 years old, W. S. Packer.. ....$112 75 190 00 170 00 160 00 150 00 199 00 105 CO 145 00 80.00 $100 00 110 00 65 00 225 00 55 00 70 CO 50 00 45 00 80 00 200 00 110 00 77 50 THE ROLLER.-Among the operations of husbandry at the present season, few are more important than that involved in the use of the rol$40 00 ler. We have not, at present, space in which to describe the different forms of this implement. 200 00 Our present object is merely to state the nature of 30 00 its effects upon the land. 55 00 75.00 200 00 25 CO 205 00 80 00 $4,622 50 bbl. $12; sides, per 100 lbs, 5,50 @ $6; hams, 7 @7 cts. lb. The main purpose of the roller, in fallow operations, is, to break clods, and thus not only to bring land to tlth, but also to enable the removal of root-weeds. Another important use of the roller at the present Forty one animals, averaging........ season is, to close and flatten the surface of the II. There are many soils, where, if deep plow-idence is put down Ohio:" will some friend inform us of his where of the moisture it contains. Rolling is as bene*In a report of this sale in the N. Y. Tribune, this gentlemon's res- land, and thus hinder the loss by evaporation, ing is practised in the fall, and the lower portions abouts, if in this State.-ED. exposed to the winter's freezing, they will be so ficial an operation for this purpose on our young broken up and changed, as to be ready for a crop clovers, wheats, &c., as it is on lands lying falTHE MARKETS. in the following spring. In this case, the land low; but in working the latter for our root crops, should again be plowed crosswise in the spring, operation to Toledo. Flour sells at 3,25 to 3,37. Wheat, old, 65 cts. CINCINNATI, July 12.-River navigation is now good, and canal in especial care should be taken, that as the harrow so that the old and new soils may be thoroughly new, contracted, at same price- Corn 37@ 40 cts. Oats 30@ 32 closely follows the plow, so the roller should folmixed together. By this means, also, the de- say,cow, id @ $11; 10; 0.50 0 ; 0, @rk, mess, low closely in the wake of both. And, (although struction of many injurious insects, whose larvæ Butter, for packing, 8@ 9 cts: in market, fresh print, 15 @ 18: crock to the pactical farmer, the remark many appear have buried themselves beneath the reach of or-12. Eggs, at packers, 7@74 doz: in market &@ 9cts. Cattle, sup- simple enough;) no one need fear that this use of ply of beef, good: 3,50 @ $4, nett per 100 lbs. Wool, same as here- the roller will tend injuriously to consolidate the dinary plowing, is ensured. The more thorough tofore. the draining of the soil, and the chance given nothing doing. 1000 bushels corn sold at 39 ets. Mess pork no.2, effects of previous cultivation. We have lately CLEVELAND, July 12.-Flour is worth 3,75, and wheat 80 cts., soil and neutralize the loosening and pulverizing to the roots of plants to extend themselves deep- at $11; and no. 2 Lard at 64cts. Hay is worth $14 @ 15 per er, are important advantages connected with White plaster $8, per ton. been endeavoring to ascertain the depth to which DETROIT, July 10.-Flour, very little in market. We quote at this process. Farmers generally do not seem to 3,90@ 84. It will not probably be any higher, in view of the bar the influence of the roller extends when drawn appreciate the fact, that plants are highly organ-vest now going. Wool, prices range at from 20 to 30 cts. Merino at the usual rate over the surface of the land; ized beings, deriving their food by their roots, and Saxon 28 @ 30 cts. and sales quick. and our anticipation that its effect is merely to from the soil, and, of course, growing perfect in consolidate the soil, for the first inch or so of proportion as they have a better opportunity to depth, was fully confirmed.-London Ag. Gaz. supply themselves by reaching out their fibres in all irections. Where the lower portions of the soil contain tle and fair prices. 400 head sold at $2, to 2,87 per 100 lbs on the BALTIMORE CATTLE MARKET, July 8.-Good supply of beef catsuch substances as are injurious, and which can-boot-equal to 3,50 @ 5,50 neti: avaraze price quoted at 250, per 100 Sno not be mixed directly with the upper, thorough lbs. Hogs sold at $4.75 @ 4,87 per 100 lbs. draining should be practised, and this, together with the use of the subsoil plow, will, after a Boston, sufficient time, prepare the way for deep plowing. New York, " Baltimore, From the Albany Cultivator. N. Orleans, " Sale of Mr. Prentice's Cattle. Agreeably to previous notice, the sale of Mr. E. P. PRENTICE's herd of improved short-horned cattle took place on the 25th of last month. The day of the sale proved favorable-the occurrence of showers on the day preceding having produced a delightful purity of air, and an increased greenness and freshness of vegetation, which seemed to invest MOUNT HOPE with more, even, than its usual attractions. A numerous and highly respectable company from this and several other States, assembled early in the day, and after spending several hours in the examination of stock, and having partaken of refreshments, which were served in a beautiful grove, the sale commenced. It was conducted in a very spirited manner by L. F. Allen, Esq., assisted by Mr. Jones as auctioneer. The cattle were in fine condition, and passed rapidly under the hammer. Forty one animals were sold at prices varying from $25 to $225, and averaging $112,75 per head. The prices, in general, may be considered low, when the high cost of the original stock and the acknowledged excellence of the herd offered, are considered; yet it should be remembered that the sale was positive-that there was no underbidding, or buying in. VALUABLE FARM FOR SALE. ITUATED in Perry township, Franklin county, Ohio, 2 miles northeast of Dublin, on the east bank of the Scioto river; 15 miles from the capitol of Ohio; containing 175 acres, of which there is about 75 acres under cultivation, and well fenced in several fields. Two orchards of bearing fruit trees, one sugar orchard, a good double log house, and a large new barn, and the land of the very best qual ity of warm and generous soil, well adapted to the cultivation of all kinds of grain, grass, &c. There are two valuable springs on the premises, one near the house, equal to any in the country, and the location for a residence is as pleasant and healthy as any in the State. The farm will be sold low for cash, or part cash, and the residue on credit. If desired, it can be divided into two tracts, and sold separately. Title indisputable. For the price and terms, apply to the subscriber at his office in Columbus. July 15, 1845. S. BRUSH. [The Albany Cultivator will please copy 3 times, aud charge to this office.] 31 ANALYSIS OF SOILS. THE undersigned is prepared to analize soils after the most approved method. The soil should be selected from the average quality of the field. It should be dried in the sun, sifted through a hair sieve, and enclosed in writing paper. A pound will be a convenient quantity, but half an ounce will be sufficient; it may be put in a bag made of a quarter of a sheet of fine letter paper, and enclos ed in a letter, so that the whole package need not weigh more than an ounce, and sent by mail. The specimens should be accompanied by a description of the land, an account of the first growth of timber, &c., of the crops, of their order of succession, and of their quantity and quality. Tharge for the analysis of one specimen, will be five dollars, for three specimens (if sent at the same time,) ten dollars. Cincinnati, July 15, 1845. CHARLES A. RAYMOND, M. D. Sixth Street, opposite the Medical College of Ohio. VOL. I. A Semi-Monthly Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture. THE OHIO CULTIVATOR, COLUMBUS, OHIO, AUGUST 1, 1845. Published on the 1st and 15th of each month. TERMS.—ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR, for single subscriptions, but when four or more copies are ordered together, the price is only 75 cents each, [or 4 copies for $3.] All payments to be made in advance; and all subscribers will be supplied with the back numbers from the commencement of the volume, so that they can be bound together at the end of year, when a complete INDEX will be furnished POST MASTERS, and all friends of agriculture, are respectfully solicited to use their influence to obtain subscribers. Travelling Agent.-Mr. Henry Greatrake will visit different parts of central and southern Ohio, as agent for this paper. He has been very successful thus far, in obtaining subscriptions, and we bespeak for him, the confidence and assistance of our friends, wherever he may visit them.-ED. Mr. G. has been laid up by ill health, part of the time since our last. He is now operating about Dayton-will go southward from there. (Aug. 1.) It Works Well. The reduction of postage is greatly increasing the number of our letters and correspondents.That's as it should be. Send on your letters, good friends-accounts of the crops and the markets; inquiries & information about farming and gardening-names and payments of subscribers, &c., &c. &c. If you cannot afford to pay the postage, or if the letters are mainly for our benefit, we will cheerfully pay it, and thank you besides. But, look here!-do not be surprised, or feel inclined to scold, if we should not publish all that you may think deserving; or if we do not find time to write answers to all that desire it; especially while so much of our time is occupied in travelling. We will endeavor to attend to whatever seems to be important. The Wheat Crop, &c. NO. 15. Letter from Dr. Kirtland. Downing's new work-Value of Scientific Knowledge - Select List of Fruits. CLEVELAND, July 8, 1845. Great Sale of fine Cattle, &c. We invite the attention of our readers to the advertisement on last page, of the sale of the well known herd of Short Horn Cattle, and other farm stock, implements, &c., the property of the late WM. RENICK, Sr. of Pickaway Co., 15 To the Editor of the Ohio Cultivator: miles south of this city. Mr. Renick was a mem- DEAR SIR:-In accordance with your request, ber of the "Ohio Cattle Importing Company," I have prepared the following, as a "select list of and his herd of Durhams embraces several of the fruits," adapted to northern Ohio. It contains best imported animals, with a large number of no variety that has not been thoroughly tested. their descendants of the finest pedigree. We Several have been excluded that are now in our hope to have an opportunity to inspect them in experimental orchard, and which will probably time for further notice in our next. be entitled to the highest place at some future day. We are aware that it may not be adapted to other sections of the country-perhaps, even of our own State. Kinds of fruit that are prime in fall Seek-no-further apple, which is high flavored one locality, may be indifferent in another. The and delicious in Connecticut, becomes dry,mealy and insipid, when raised on clay soils in northsesses very little of the fine aroma that distinern Ohio. The yellow Bellefleur with us, posguishes it in Hamilton county,and the Vandervere raised about Marietta, ranks as a first rate fruit, but with us, is destitute of good flavor, and is extensively affected with the dry-rol. On the other hand, the Belmont, Fameuse, and Esopus Spitzenburg seem to develope the finest qualities to a fuller extent here than in most parts of the The Toledo Blade, of 16th ult., says; "The wheat crop in northern Ohio is better than last year, and in the northwestern counties is proba bly the best ever grown." If by "northern Ohio" the editor means that portion of the State commonly thus designated, and embracing the principal wheat region, like the counties of Wayne, Stark, Summit, &c., we should like to know where he got his information; for the farmers of that region tell us that the wheat crop is much less with them, than for ma ny years past. The following are extracts from a written report on the crops, made out by the members of the Jury of the U. S. Circuit Court, at its recent session in this city: Stark.-Wheat will yield little more than half a crop. The grain, however, will be better than last year, being full and plump. The prospect for corn and oats is good. Lorain.-Wheat about one-fourth of a crop; Lake. Wheat about the same as last year, not Richland.-Wheat somewhat injured by frost crop country. Downing's new work on fruits has just been received. It is precisely the book that has been wanted. I think you will agree with me in the conclusion that it will advance horticulture in this country twenty years at one leap. A copy should be on the table of every farmer, and also of every individual who owns one hundred feet of ground. The money expended, by most of the farmers for violent political newspapers, would, every year, purchase such a work as this of Downing's, and pay the subscription for the Cultivator. Now suppose the leisure moments of the members of their families were spent in investigating the various matters contained in these publications-instead of accumulating political wrath and zeal-do you not suppose an important change, favorable to community, would be effected? is good; grass poor. Scarcity of Fodder on the Reserve. The drought has been so severe in several of Rapid improvements are making in every dethe counties on the Western Reserve that the ut- partinent of horticulture and agriculture. Intermost apprehension is felt respecting the means of est, and even necessity will soon require that preserving their farm stock from starvation next they be adopted by our farming community. winter. Every man who has the heart of a man Many of these improvements are of a characwithin his breast, will of course make some pro- ter that they cannot be understood and applied vision for, or disposition of his animals, so that by a mere routine, as is practised with most of they will not be suffering for food around his the manipulations of the farmer at the present dwelling next winter. We have already given day, but require an effort of the mind,-study, investigation, a knowledge of certain principles. Cheap Postage Terms! Persons wishing to remit payments to us for single subscriptions or clubs, may do so at our risk and expense-only send good current bills, and letters properly directed; so there is no long-numerous hints as to the means of doing this; and it is not yet too late to sow Turnips, Rye, &c. er any excuse on account of the difficulty of The Revenna (Portage co.) Star, says,something making payments. We continue to give the vol. must be done to save thousands of cattle in that of Genesee farmer as before. county from starvation the coming winter; and calls attention to the following suggestion of the Painesville (Lake county) Telegraph, remarking that farmers can judge for themselves of the fea This knowledge is to be obtained from such works as Downing's Liebig's, Lindley's and from periodicals devoted to these subjects-yet the young farmer at the first step, meets with an indispensable difficulty. These works, he cannot read with much advantage, as he does not understand Botany and Chemistry. BACK NUMBERS of this paper will be sent to all new subscribers, so as to make a complete volume with the index, for binding at the end of the year.sibility of the plan proposed: How much time and expense would it cost the PREMIUMS! A complete vol. of the Genesee farmers of our county, to make provision for win-ted with the elements of these sciences? During "The scarcity of hay has induced some of the farmer's son to make himself sufficiently acquainFarmer for 1842, edited by HENRY COLMAN (now tering their cattle in the far west [Indiana or Illi- the last term in the Cleveland Medical College, a in Europe) will be sent gratis to every person nois.] They are forming clubs and sending for- middle aged farmer, a man of wealth and intelwho procures two new subscribers to this paper, ward men to secure the grass that grows in great ligence, marticulated as a member of the class, for at one dollar each, and forwards the pay in ad- abundance, and free to all on the prairies; and in the sole purpose of attending Prof. St. John's lecfall the cattle will be driven out,to be kept through tures on chemistry, and no student was more vance or four subscribers at the club price, 75 the winter and returned again in the spring. We assiduous. He became familiar with the science cts. each. (The postage on the premium is only learn that in some parts of Geauga co. the same by devoting a few weeks, and a few dollars to 12 cents within the State.) plan is being adoped. Something of the sort will the subject. be necessary to save cattle from starvation, as the fodder will be insufficient to winter the stock, after all that are suitable for the eastern market are driven off." The Cattle Show and Fair of the N. Y. State Agricultural Society will be held at Utica, Sept. 16th, 17th and 18th. The several Medical schools and colleges in different parts of the State, afford opportunities for instruction in this branch, if the public would ¡mprove them. At the W. R. college, the pupils |