LADIES' DEPARTMENT. For the Ohio Cultivator, A Bankrupt's Night Thoughts. I've risen from my sleepless couch, And as I gaze upon the sky, Long anxious days and sleepless nights Of grief, I've lately known, I'm sick and weary of the life That I for years have spent, Rather than live with all my thoughts For now I see, one scarce has time I'll plough my fields and sow my seed, For He who does the ravens feed. And hear them when they cry, Will surely prove a friend in need And all my wants supply. Spring ValleY, O, Aug. 1845. Disease in Poultry. [A LETTER FROM EMILY.] M. B. 125 loose grass is stirred for them, by passing over the field with a harrow; hogs will thrive and fatten well on these grubs where they are sufficiently numerous. In the next place fall plowing-deep and late, and throwing the ground up in loose high ridges, so as to expose it as much as possible to the frost, well tend to kill off multitudes of these and other injurious insects, such as cut worms, wire worms, &c.-besides being of very great benefit to the land, leaving it mellow and in the best order for spr ng sowing. In several of the fields we have examined, the grubs appear to be all of the second year's growth; and unless some measures are adopted to destroy them, they will be pretty certain to greatly injure or destroy whatever crops may be on the ground next year. One farmer in Richland county informed us that he was not thinking of adopting any measures to get rid of the grubs, for he supMuch injury has been done to the meadows posed they changed into a fly or moth, like that and cornfields in some portions of this State the of the Silk worm, and that they would all disappresent summer by the ravages of the grub worm pear before long. But it will be seen from the the larva of the May Beetle or Cock Chaffer. foregoing, that such a hope is groundless; and In our recent excursions, in the northern part of there is danger that if left unmolested, their ravthe State especially, we were often called to ex-ages will be worse next Beason than the present. amine fields that were badly infested with these Such of our readers as have neighbors who worms; and we found the farmers generally en- do not take the Cultivator, and whose fields are tirely unacquainted with the appearance of the infested with grubs, will do well to shew them insect in its perfect state, and indeed very few the foregoing article, and persuade them to adopt were aware that it had more than one form of ex-measures for their destruction, so as to prevent, istance, although they had seen its appearance in in some measure, their spreading over the counthe other, every year since their earliest child-try. It is possible, also, that the information here hood. The perfect insect, or parent of the grub worm, is the large chesnut colored bug, or beetle, that is seen flying, sometimes in great numbers, of an evening on the first appearance of warm weather in April and May. They are commonly called May Bugs in this country-sometimes Cock Chaffers. The above cuts copied from Kollar, give a good representation of the beetle and its offspring the grub, though it is designed for the European species, which differs slightly in form and color from ours. Its habits are well describe in Kollar's and in Harris' treatise on insects. In the beetle state it feeds on the leaves of trees in the forest and the orchard, though it does not often do very extensive mischief in this form, as it is not very voracious, and it only lives a few days. After pairing, the males die; the females descend a few inches into the ground where they deposite their eggs-from 80 to 100 each, and in a day or two after die. given may lead them to believe that something useful may perchance be learned from an agricultural paper; and they may even be persuaded to give seventy-five cents or a dollar to have it sent them for a year! Perkins and Brown's fine Sheep. MT. VERNON, O., July 26, 1845. M. B. BATEHAM, Esq.:-I send you a few specimens of wool, from the flock of Messrs. Perkins and Brown, near Akron, Sumit county, O. It makes me proud of Ohio, to know that such wool is grown within her limits. I have a variety of suggestions awakened by conversation with Mr. Brown, which I should like to present; but I doubt not, if you should visit the Reserve, the beautiful residence of Mr. Perkins, two miles west of Akron, will entice you to his secluded fields to see one of the finest flocks of fine wooled sheep, this side of Saxony. The extreme modesty of Mr. Brown, at whose The young grub is hatched in two weeks, and house I was a guest, restricts my commendations is about an eighth of an inch long at first, and to a bare reference of the public to the records of only becomes half an inch long the first year. the Middlesex company at Lowell, for a correct The second year they become an inch long, and estimate of his flock. But what I have writen the third year about an inch and a half long or I have written. In Mr. Brown's mind, the quesfull grown; when they are of the shape represent- tion is fully settled in favor of fine wooled, over ed in the above cut (b) generally curved in a cres-coarse wooled sheep. The arguments which cent form and as thick as a man's little finger.- move hini to this decision, I hope you will elicit the color is whiteish with the head and feet yellowish red. MR. EDITOR: As the more competent ladies from himself. He considers it clear, from expewho have so ably contributed to your columns riment and otherwise, that from a given number seem to have neglected this duty somewhat of During the second and third seasons of their of acres and expense of keeping, the return will late, I feel induced, incompetent as I am, to write growth they feed voraciously, and when numer- be greater from fine than from coarse sheep; and a few lines for the Ladies' Diepartment. I think ous, as the present season, great injury is done surely the method of estimating the value of it is a great pity, as well as a reproach to our sex, by them to the roots of grass and grain-some- flocks by the number of pounds and price of wool, that a single number of the Ohio Cultivator should times, also, to garden crops, young fruit trees, is fallacious, unless due heed is given to the cost be issued without at least one communication &c. The worms descend deeper into the earth of production. He tells me, that they have very from the ladies. Who can estimate the amount at the commencement of winter, so as to avoid nearly succeeded in breeding the gum out of of good that may be accomplished through this freezing. They are often found on digging or their flocks; and he is sedulously directing his atmeans among the thousands of families to which plowing lands in the spring, of various sizes and tention to the obliteration of horns from his sheep. your paper is a welcome visitant? at different depths in the ground. At the end He says that with care he can soon effect both My object in writing at this time, is to obtain of the third year the grub descends to the depth objects. His horn tax, he says, has been higher some information respecting diseases of poultry. of several feet into the earth, where (according to some years than his land tax, meaning, I supWe had a large number of chickens hatched the Kollar) it remains a whole year in the pupa state pose, his rent for land, as for some years until his past spring, and as soon as they became about a nearly torpid and requiring no food; and in the copartnership with Mr. Perkins, he has rented week old, most of them were severely attacked spring of the fifth year it assumes its perfect land for carrying on his business. The number with the gapes, and a majority of them died. I form, and mounts aloft in the air with its wings of horned sheep is rapidly diminishing in their searched my book on poultry, for a remedy, and and humming music-thus completing the mys-flock, while the quality of wool is improving. tried nearly all that I found recommended, but terious round of its existence. There will be a few fine bucks for sale, out of with little success. I then concluded that preAs to the means of preventing or checking the this flock this season, at very reasonable prices. vention was easier than cure; so the next brood ravages of these insects, several modes will sug-I should like to have my friends, and all who that was hatched, I determined to try a specific gest themselves to the minds of the intelligent wish to improve their flocks of fine wooled sheep, that I had somewhere seen recommended. I cultivator, on reading the foregoing account of apply in season; though I have no more interest took a few old nails and put them in vinegar and their history. Where the grubs appear in such in this recommendation, than any traveller who let them remain till the vinegar became very numbers, and greatly injure grass lands, as they likes to see any and every branch of husbandry black; I mixed their food with this vinegar until have in many places this year, it is a good plan to carried on towards perfection. Nor do I mean to they were a month old, and all that I fed with turn in all the hogs and poultry of the farm; they disparage the flocks of other wool-growers by this food have escaped the disease. As this is will soon devour all that are not too far below what I have just said. There must be selections, but a single experiment, and it is not certain the surface, especially if after a few days the mutually, among breeders of improved sheep, in 126 order to perpetuate and enhance good qualities, REMARKS: We had at several times seen commendatory notices of Messrs. Perkins' and Brown's sheep, in the newspapers, but we paid but little attention to them, supposing they were too highly flattered. The samples of wool received with the foregoing, however, and more especially the opportunity for personally inspecting the sheep, which we have enjoyed since, has removed that impression entirely, and we can assure our readers, that too much cannot well be said in praise of these sheep, and especially in praise of the care and skill displayed by Mr. Brown. We shall speak of this in our next. -ED. Letter from Jefferson County. RICHMOND, July 29, 1845. DEAR SIR:-We have just had a meeting of farmers, and organized a County Society; there was a committee appointed to draft a constitution and by-laws for its government, to be submitted to its first annual meeting, which will be held the 2d of September. At the meeting, I heard several express the wish that they could see the form of a constitution of some of the New York or other County Societies of long standing; which, if you would publish in your next, would be gratefully received by your subscribers in this county. If you exchange with our county papers you will see a synopsis of the proceedings in the next number. The reading of the resolutions adopted by the OHIO CULTIVATOR. ing that heretofore farmers have only "heard slender stem arising in the centre, and connec- "Sweet is the bread made sweet by toil, And sweet is the rest it brings." We have now made our observations, we must Other professions would not be so distressingly what are the uses of all these parts; and when next exercise our thinking powers, and enquire crowded. We would not have it reported to our we have made this GRAND DISCOVERY, we apply general government that the State of Ohio in- our reasoning faculties, and go about to put these stead of showing a large increase,has within a few discoveries and reasonings into practice. not we! But luxurant fiields of grain majestically that we can produce a new and improved variyears fallen short some million bushels wheat- We find by a little practice with our hands, bowing to the passers by, would tell him in char-ety of fruit, by selecting a blossom before it has acters of living green and gold that "Each heart of the Buckeye more fondly doth cherish Very respectfully yours, &c. M. B. BATEHAM. J. D. L. * 12. Resolved, That this convention are deeply sensible of the need of better facilities of education, whereby fariners' sons may, at small expense, obtain a knowedge of those branches of science complete knowledge of farming as a science, as well as an art, and that are intimately connected with agriculture, and essential to a expanded, and with a pair of scissors cut out and State Convention, was an interesting part of the we hope the time is not far distant when these sciences will be taught varieties from which it was thus originated. proceedings; they are all very good and worthy our warmest praise. But there is one, the 12th, with the importance of which we cannot be too deeply impressed.* in our common schools, or when agricultural schools will be estab- tined to be farmers, to write compositions on these subjects. “Observe--Think – Reason - Practice." CINCINNATI, August 4, 1845. DEAR SIR:-I have added to my agricultural library, "Downing's Fruit and Fruit Trees of America," and I have, during the intermission of business, given it a careful perusal. How long would it require for a man to find out all these things with the aid of his hands alone? And how long has it taken him to find them out even with the aid of all his faculties! And how much greater power is given to man's This work is a splendid specimen of the results hands by these discoveries! And who knows of the application of science and skill, to the im- but that even greater discoveries may yet be provement of the natural and spontaneous pro- made, than have hitherto been attained? Have ductions of the earth, in the department of hor- we not, then, every inducement to continue to ticulture; and I commend it to the attention of OBSERVE-THINK-REASON—practice. the farmers of Ohio, as the strongest argument pose this as the motto of the new State Agriculwhich can be adduced in favor of applying the tural Society-observe-think-reason--practice. same means, (science and skill) to the improveRespectfully, your friend, ment of agriculture. M. B. BATEHAM. And I pro D. LAPHAM. Can we reflect that "800,000,000 human beings, 50,000,000 domesticated horses, asses and mules, 150,000,000 domesticated cattle, 300,000,000 domesticated sheep, 80,000,000 swine, 12,000,000 domesticated goats, are depending upon agriculture for support," without feeling deeply impressed with its magnitudinal importance? "Knowledge is power" alike in all departments of industry and science. It requires no hypothesis, and but little calculation to prove to a reflecting mind that we can never cultivate our soil to the best advantage until we are possessed of that knowlege which will enable us to do it intelligently. In the language of Ellsworth "it is time that guess work and hereditary notions should give place to facts, and the application of known chemical agents." With how much more certainty could If we should shut our eyes to all around us, farmers calculate upon an ample reward for their and picture to our imagination, a primeval state From Skinner's "Monthly Journal of Agriculture." labor, if they were properly acquainted with the of nature, when the earth yielded nothing better Effects of Electricity on Vegetation. composition of their grains and soils than is now than the sour crab apple, the bitter almond, and the case, for it is lamentably true that many go on flavorless peach, and then trace the successive We might be charged with indifference to the groping in the dark, or learning perhaps at the steps by which the gardener has improved these progress of Scientific Agriculture, were we to sacrifice of many crops in the "dear school of ex-ruits, in transplanting them into a warmer as- send out the first number of the Farmers' Library pect, enriching the soil, carefully pruning, select- without adverting to one of the most remarkable perience." Athens was once powerful, and joyed in her ing seeds, cross breeding, and successive plant- novelties that has lately attracted public notice, strength; "e'en the savage bowed to her soul-stir-ing, sheltering and watching, we shall perceive, to wit: The effects of experiments lately made ring eloquence, and the bards of every nation how, by slow degrees, the sour crab expands into in England to test the effects of Electricity on sang to the glory of Athens;" and why? Because a GOLDEN PIPPIN; the wild pear loses its thorns, Vegetation. Hence we had arranged for publicashe "stood pre-eminent in the arts and sciences." and becomes a BERGAMOTTE or a BEURRE, the Al- tion what seemed most impressive and worthy of During the reign of Solon, one of her wisest mond is deprived of its BITTERNESS, the wild grape regard. On reflection, however, we conclude and best rulers, schools were established for the transformed into a CATAWBA, and the dry and to postpone for another number all notice except diffusion of all useful knowledge; laws were flavorless peach is at length a TEMPTING AND DELI- What follows. In the mean time we may observe enacted for the promotion of industry; where the CIOUS FRUIT! It is in this way that we can readi- that the subject seems to be, practically speaking, soil would admit, agriculture was liberally sup- ly comprehend the great advances which have exactly in that state of uncertainty which deported; and where it would not, manufacturing been made in horticulture, and the importance of mands further and more exact experiments, beinterests were, and so great was their prosperity the application of ALL the powers with which fore it can be had recourse to by practical men in those days says Socrates "that there was not the Creator has endowed man to enable him to with any certainty of useful results; and again, one man who begged in the streets or died of comply with the command, that he should by the it will probably be found that in our own country, want to the dishonor of the community." Suc- sweat of his brow, "replenish the earth and sub- and by a member of our "Agricultural Associacessive generations have had 2442 years to im due it." tion," too, the investigation and knowledge of this extraordinary agency, as connected with vegeprove upon Sen. tation, has not been in the real of the fullest and most recent European expositions. We boast a far more enlightened age, live upon a soil of incalculable resources, blessed with a genial clime and republican institutions; and yet we dare not (to our shame be it spoken) say that no man begs in our streets or dies of want to the dishonor of our community. Something must be radically wrong, and I am convinced that that wrong in a great measure consists in that very ignorance which this resolution seeks to remedy. I am well aware of the prejudice that exists against what is called book farming; and we must have charity for this prejudice, remember Man is endowed with the powers of thinking and reasoning and observing; and it is of more essential importance to his well being, that he should exercise these powers, in the business of agriculture, than to exercise alone his physical powers. The power of his hands is limited; but when they are directed by the thinking and reasoning powers, well cultivated, the power of his hands is increased in an almost unlimited ratio. An exemplification of this increased power in man by the exercise of his powers of thinking, reasoning and observation, may be thus given: We may observe in the flower of a plum tree al The paper in our collection, from English journals, the most cautious and candid and worthy of regard, (and it is highly so,) is the sketch which one of these journals contains, of a recent Lecture by Rev. E. Sydney, delivered before the ROYAL INSTITUTION OF LONDON-(one before which every man who does speak, must be on his guard) and it happens to be within our knowledge, as it may be in our power to show, that his views had been, for the most part, by some weeks an ticipated, to the effect we have already intimated. Finally, we may venture to promise by the aid of of a friend, to keep our readers acquainted with what may transpire, as far as any useful purpose is to be accomplished, on the novel or lately revived subject of Electro-vegetation. Without his aid, in the midst of such elements, we are free to confess it, we should feel in some danger of being drowned or blown up. For an early and very interesting paper on this subject, the reader is referred to the April number of the American Agriculturist, from the pen of Mr. Norton, a most valuable contributor to that very enlightened journal. In that paper occurs the following passage: "It was at first expected that manure would be of no further use, but it is now said that its action will be much more powerful with the help of this new ally," uriance of the carboniferous era he may also con- subjects pertaining to agriculture, should inform It is an undoubted fact, which may be shown by a hundred fac-simile plates in my possession, that the vegetation of that era was, not only as luxuriant as I stated in my previous lecture, but that it was then twenty fold what it now is. C. H. H. Remarks. We entirely agree with friend Hall, that enough coarse wool should be raised, and can be with profit, for the purposes to which he 48. The question, and the only one, then is alludes, namely, the supply of domestic manuHydrogen and carbon, with the other requisites, factories; and we think friend Peters had not a being naturally or artificially, and rateably sup- full knowledge of the extent of this demand; alplied, how far will Electricity, in connection with though he is undoubtedly right as to the greater them, safely and profitably assist in the operation, value of fine wooled sheep for the eastern wool in one or both of the ranges of the vegetable ex-markets. istence to which I have adverted. This, as I In reference to the postscript of friend Hall, have before said, can only, as I apprehend, be we agree with him entirely; but if he had read determined by practical observation and experi- the previous numbers of the Cultivator, he would On that passage the following remarks were ment. It may, as a matter of pleasing instruc- have found 3 or 4 communications from friend made by the gentleman (Mr. Seely) member of the tion, be as well essayed in any part of the city, Peters, with the place of residence affixed. It Agricultural Association to whom we have al- as in the country, in the ordinary plants of a was omitted through the inadvertance of the ready alluded. With these remarks, (sections of family. printer in the case alluded to. He resides on a a lecture delivered before the Agricultural Asso- It is what they seem to be trying in Europe.-farm in Darien, and does business in Buffalo, N. ciation,) which we have been kindly permitted It is what we should try here too, if we mean to Y. See his advertisement in several Nos. of Culto use, and which may be valued for their prac-place and keep our intellects on a par with tivator.-Ed. tical bearing, as for their scientific elucidations, theirs. we shall close what we have now to say on Electricity applied to Agriculture. The letter, says Mr. S., which calls forth these observations concludes: new ally," W. A. SEELY. For the Ohio Cultivator. Letter from "PLOW BOY" on Wheat I FRIEND BATEHAM:-I have derived much pleaCoarse and Fine Wooled Sheep. FRIEND BATEHAM:-I noticed in the Cultivator Ohio Cultivator, and as it seems to be the privilsure and profit from perusing the pages of the 45. "It was at first expected that manure would of May 1, an article on "heep farming," by T. be of no further use, but it is now said that its ac-C. Peters, which, in my opinion, manifests a lit- I will make a few remarks on the subject of raisege of all to contribute an offering for its columns, tion will be more powerful with the help of this the prejudice against every thing of the sheep ing wheat. Several articles have appeared in kind, except the very fine wooled breeds. He the Cultivator on this subject which I heartily apIt was indeed a fallacy to have supposed that says the great mass of American farmers have exciting the frame would feed it. No living or- no inducement to grow any thing but fine wool- friend, D. Lapham. I entirely concur with him prove, especially those written by my worthy ganization ever created one atom of its structure. ed sheep. Now a fact occurs to me, which in respect to the cause of rust, and believe that It does but transform its elements; the vegetable seems to have escaped his notice altogether; viz: those which nature or art have placed within the that there is a domestic market in this country, when properly applied on suitable soils-such soils LIME is the proper agent to prevent the disease, reach of its roots or leaves. These elements placed for coarse or common wool; and the difference in mean, as have been long used and "worn out" there, are as spontaneously sought and procured price this season, (as far as I have understood as some farmers say. If such grounds were well by it, however minute in the atom they may be, the market in Ohio,) between that and the finest plowed during summer, and sown with wheat in through the roots, or leaves, as would be similar article, is only 8 cents per pound. I do not class the fall; with an application of from thirty to forty by the animal who sees a hay-stack; they are myself among the sheep farmers, as I have only bushels of lime per acre, and the ensuing Februequally indispensable to both. If previous vege- been in the way of keeping a sufficient number ary sow at the rate of one bushel of clover seed tation has taken up the food of the soil, and the for family use, but I have a few of the Cotswold to seven acres of wheat; let the clover occupy the crop has been carried to a market, it should be and Southdown breeds, and I think a cross of ground for two years, at the end of that time I recollected that that act is the act of man in his the two makes an excellent sheep for common think the soil would be fully resuscitated and propolitical and social relations; that Nature knows or family purposes; and why would not a flock duce a better crop than at any previous time.nothing of it and does not provide against it; what of that kind of sheep, or a cross between the The ground does not receive the full benefit of she takes up she gives back again to vegetation-Cotswold and Merino, answer as well where the lime until the second or third year after it is because, under her administration it generally the object is to grow wool for sale; as they will applied. The proper time to sow wheat seems perishes on the spot, and in so doing restores the average 5 pounds of clean washed wool, where- to be from the tenth to the twenty fifth of Sepelements of organization back to the soil again, as 3 pounds is a good average for Merino. Now, tember; when sown earlier than this it would with the accumulations from the atmosphere, and at the present prices of wool in our section of the water and ammonia of the air, by decay, equally fitted in ten thousand successions, for as many renewed appropriations to the same uses. If it has been carried off by the cultivator, he should remember that in selling the crop he is called on, as he values the capital invested in the price of his land, to restore it, in so far as he stands indebted to the soil for it; that all of the price he obtains beyond what will replace the fertility of his soil is his gain and no more. To appropriate more is literally selling (or lessening the value, which is the same thing,) of his land. prably be in less danger from rust but in greatyears past, that wheat sown after the first of Ocer danger from the fly. I have observed for several tober is generally greatly injured by the rust. country, a fleece of the coarse wool spoken of, But T. C. Peters in speaking particularly of the Southdown, says: "they are a humbug, so far as this country is concerned. And at five years old they will be no better mutton than a Merino or a Saxon." Now this is a great mistake, as must be evident to every person at all acquainted with the different breeds. CHAMPAIGN Co., July 1845. 46. When he seeks, through electricity, to force the vegetable, he is merely calling on the functions of the structure to take up more of the elements contained in the soil or the atmosphere, and, referably to the products realized, they must be found there either at the hands of nature, or THE GRUE-WORM.-We hear much complaint of his art. Without this his electricity will do I am not in favor of introducing any kind of from different farmers about the depredations of him no good; but he may justly anticipate that in coarse wooled sheep at the expense of the finer the grub-worm-on some farms injuring to a convitalizing and energizing the functions of the breeds; but I do not see why they should be alto-siderable extent the corn-in others the grass vegetable frame (as he thus may do with the aid gether excluded as being unworthy the notice of and potatoes. In many grass lots the roots have of electricity) through the manuring elements the American farmer, with whom the object been completely destroyed to within an inch of of the soil, he rateably, but no further, enables should be to create and supply a home market, the surface, and the sod can be raised with the organization, through this augmented vitally where coarse wools will always be in demand, as as much ease as though it had been previously electric force, to seize upon, and through decom- well as fine. I think the Cotswold or Bakewell spaded up and replaced. This is the case with position, accrete the hydrogen of the water-the sheep, crossed with the Merino, would make an elements of the soluble ammonia, and carbonic excelent breed of sheep, for a good article of acid of the soil, of the æriform carbonic acid of common wool, and make a great improvement on the air, and what else of the primitive rock in its the carcass of the latter, and that is a matter of disintegrated and soluble state may be there. considerable and increasing importance in this Thus Nature referably will assist the vegetable country. with elements for his gain; and, as he forces the structure, through accumulate i hydrogen, carbon and ammonia at the roots, back towards the lux-I C. H. HALL. Bluerock tp., Muskingum co., O., July, 1845. P. S. I thing every person who writes on a lot we tried in the south end of our town-a patch of potatoes also in the same lot are being literally destroyed, root and vine.-Mansfield Shield and Banner. All Agricultural Societies in Ohio that have determined to hold exhibitions his fall, will please inform us of the time and place, that we may notice. L 128 Hatch's Sowing Machine. Report of the Committee of the Hamilton County Agricultural Society on the exhibition of Hatch's Sowing Machine in Cincinnati, June 4, 1845. The undersigned having been appointed a committee to examine Hatch's Sowing Machine, after performing the duty assigned them, submit the following report: OHIO CULTIVATOR. THE MARKETS. News from England is not important; but little was doing in American provisions, though former prices were generally maintain ed, and a revival of trade was expected. The season has been as favorable as usual for the crops. The wheat and flour markets of this country are unusually de and staring eyes, when a plain looking farmer arose, and, with apparently much diffidence, begged leave to confirm the lecturer's statements, by the relation of an incident which he recently witnessed, and to which he was a party. Tommy; he's given us "I have," said he, "a very bad boy named pressed. The accounts of the harvest in most of the wheat-growa good deal of trouble, ing states have been so favorable that a large surplus is anticipatedand having tried various methods to reform him $3,3,124-some a: canal for 2,50 bbl. New Wheat comes in CINCINNATI-week ending Aur. 13.-Flour, sa'es moderate, at without success, I told my wife that it would be slowly, is of fine quality, and se's at 55 ets, plus. Con is 3 best to try something that was new, and rather 35 cts; oa's 25 cts; barley 50 cts; hay, new, & $10 & ton; flaxseed more severe. Accordingly we agreed to shut him $12,50 for mess, and $10 for prime. Ashes sell at 3.25 @ 2,50 per up at night in the barn. This answered very 100th for pots, and 3,75 @ 84. for pearls. Wool is without change. 5th street market space in this city, in presence well for a while, but he grew worse again, till Beef cattle are plenty at 2,50 @ $1,00 p 100 th net, for best quali every night by sundown. finally I was obliged to shut him up in the barn packing is 8 @ 9 cts. th. Eggs for packing, 54@ 6 ets. doz. ZANESVILLE, O, Aug. 13.-Wheat is selling at 53 @ 35 cts.; flour at 3.25 @ 3,50. On Wednesday afternoon June 4th, 1845, Mr. Julius Hatch, of Rochester, N. Y., exhibited his machine for sowing grain, grass seed, &c., at the of a large number of citizens and farmers, all of whom seemed highly pleased with its performance. The inventor tested it with wheat, oats, and timothy seed, successively, each of which, it sowed in the most perfect manner, even when the machine was passing over a rough pavement at a rapid pace. It works on two wheels like a cart, in front of which is a hopper 10 feet long, from the bottom of which the seed is dropped; back of this is a seat for the driver, where, with a motion of his hand, he may vary the quantity of seed with the utmost ease and precision, and with the foot, he can at any time stop the escape of the seed, without stopping the machine. The beauty of the operation consists in the evenness with which the seed is scattered upon the ground, and the ease with which it is done. As the sowing of a greater or less quantity depends upon the enlarging or contracting of a crevice at the bottom of the hopper, which is operated upon by a pinion wheel, which is worked by a cog wheel, fastened upon the spokes of the right main wheel of the machine, it is not affected by jolts or inequalities, and thus the quantity is dependant upon the revolution of the wheel only, after the hopper is fixed to sow a given quantity. The whole is of very simple construction, not liable to get out of order. This machine has been in successful operation in the state of New York, and other places, for several years past, and has given universal satisfaction to those who have had it in use, as may be seen by various certificates, reports, &c. It is now offered to the farmers of Ohio, and the West generally, in an improved form, and there can be no doubt that the farmers of Ohio, particularly in the wheat growing districts, will find it of great advantage. In fact it will convert one of the most difficult and laborious operations of the farm to mere pastime. With it a man, or boy even, may sow from twenty five to thirty acres per day, in a more perfect manner than can be done by hand, thus saving a large amount of severe labor, and from the more even manner in which the seed is deposited, there is a considerable saving in the quantity of seed required, and at the same time, there will be an increase of the crop, sufficient to pay for the machine in every fifty acres of wheat sown. WM. H. H. TAYLOR, A Good Story for the Times. with the cattle, and I was in bed, there came on drum. Feeling rather uneasy about the boy, I I 87 cts. bu.; cloverseed, 350. No sales of barre'ed rork. price is ty. Cheese is in active demand at 51 @ 6 ets. pth. Putter for little squeaking child's voice, "why father, it's me, PROVISIONS. "You, says I, why, Tom, how on earth did for last night I slept on them bags of guano you The effect of this story upon the audience was The Sale of fine Cattle, &c., of the Messrs. Renick, on the 26th inst., must not be forgotten. We have not had time to go and see them, but we are assured by good judges that many of the animals are very superior. The 600 acres of corn, too, should induce some northern farmer to be "on hand." Indian meal. bu., 2,30 a ఒక POULTRY. 66 a a 18 a 20 37 a 40 ripe, dried, 37 a 50 1,50 a 3 46 fore quarter, 2,00 a Pork, large hogs, 3,75 a 66 small, 3,00 a Hams,country, lb., 6 a 46 city cured, Lard, lb., ret, Maple sugar. Ib., "molasses, gal. Honey, comb, lb., strained. 788 6 ASHES, (only in barter.) Portage Mutual Fire Insurance Company, Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. CAPITAL TO MEET LOSSES $400,000. THE Oldest, the Largest and richest Company in the West.Agents at most of the principal towns in the State. ANALYSIS OF SOILS. ELIHU BURRIT, the learned Blacksmith, has accepted an invitation to deliver the annual address before the Literary Societies of Oberlin Col-THE undersigned is prepared to analize soils after the most ap. lege at the approaching commencement of that Institution, which will be on the 27th of August. quality of the field. It should be dried in the sun, sifted through a proved method. The soil should be selected from the average hair sieve, and enclosed in writing paper. A pound will be a convenient quantity, but half an ounce will be sufficient; it may le put in a bag made of a quarter of a sheet of fine letter paper, and enclos ed in a letter, so that the whole package need not weigh more than an ounce, and sent by mail. The specimens should be accompanied by a description of the land, Cincinnati, July 15, 1845. CHARLES A. RAYMOND, M. D. SITUATED in Perry township, Franklin county, Ohio, 2 miles FINE BLOODED CATTLE, &c., AT northeast of Dublin, on the east bank of the Scioto river; 15 EXECUTORS' SALE-There will be offered at public sa'e, at the late residence of Wm. Renick, Sr., deceased, near South miles from the capitol of Ohio; containing 175 acres, of which there Bloomfield, Pickaway co., Ohio, on Tuesday, the 26th of August next, the personal property of said deceased, to wit: The fine herd of Full Bred Durham Cattle, seventy five in num Cows, Heifers and Calves, considered to be equal if not superior, to any other Stock of the kind in the United States. Pedigrees and particulars furnished on the day of sale. A MAN GROWN BY GUANO AND ELECTRICITY.-ber, several of them imported from England, consisting of Bulls, A citizen of this place, while recently on a tour in the State of New York, was induced to make one of the audience of an itinerant lecturer who was holding forth upon the efficacy of electricity as applied to vegetable productions. Two orchards of hearing fruit trees, one sugar orchard, a good double 31 T. C. PETERS & BROTHER, WHOLESALE and Retail Dealers in all kinds. FAMILY GROCERIES and PROVISIONS. Eggs, Cheese, Lard, Tallow and Dried Fruits, at their Cash paid for choice Hams and Shoulders; also, Butter, store, Mansion House block, Exchange street, Buffalo. Property consigned to them will be promptly attended to. Buffalo, Jan. 1845.-6m VOL. I. A Semi-Monthly Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture. COLUMBUS, OHIO, SEPTEMBER 1, 1845. THE OHIO CULTIVATOR, A SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE, HortI CULTURE, DOMESTIC AND RURAL ECONOMY. М. В. ВАТЕНАМ EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. Published on the 1st and 15th of each month. TERMS. ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR, for single subscriptions, but when four or more copies are ordered together, the price is only 75 cents each, [or 4 copies for $3.] All payments to be made in advance; and all subscribers will be supplied with the back numbers from the commencement of the volume, so that they can he bound together at the end of year, when a complete INDEX will be furnished POST MASTERS, and all friends of agriculture, are respectfully solicited to use their influence to obtain subscribers. ATTENTION! Persons wishing to remit payments to us for single subscriptions or clubs, may do so at our risk and expense-only send good current bills, and letters properly directed; so there is no long on account of the difficulty of making payments. We continue to give the vol. of Genesee farmer as before. er any excuse HALF YEAR SUBSCRIPTIONS.-The year is now so far advanced, that some persons who desire the Cultivator, refuse to subscribe on account of our rule requiring them to take the back numbers; we therefore have concluded for the present to allow such as prefer it, to commence with the last half of the year, (1st of July,) and end with the rest in December, at 50 cents each. Planting Strawberries. NO. 17. Sale of Messrs. Renick's Cattle, &c. This sale took place, as advertised, on the farm of the late Wm. Renick, Aug. 26th. The weather was fine, and the attendance of purchasers and spectators very large, The bidding was spirited, and the prices obtained generally were considered quite high-affording full satisfaction to the owners, and well calculated to encourage the rearing of good stock. We did not think the prices obtained for the full blooded cattle very high, though the grade animals and common stock were decidedly so. Every body loves strawberries, and the man who has a garden or a few yards of ground that can be appropriated to the purpose, and does not plant a good bed of strawberries,does not deserve to taste any thing better than "pork and dodger," during his mortal life! Don't you say so, boys, girls, ladies, all? Well, then, why don't you make a stir about it, and keep a stirring till the object is accomplished? Not quite yet, however, for the ground is too dry, and the sun to hot. But the latter part of September, or the fore part of October-as soon as the ground is well mois- The following is a schedule of the sale of the tened through, and the heat of summer is over, principal part of the stock and the corn. Not beis a first rate time to set out the plants. They ing able to be present on the second day, we canwill take root immediately, will bear considerably not give the prices of some other property, as next spring, and abundantly the spring follow-the sheep, hay, oats, &c. ing. DURHAM CATTLE. COWS. Prudence, (imported.) Victory, and b'l calf, Pink, Queen, Fanny Wright. The full blooded bull Orister, now at Mr. Marsh's farm in Clark co., will be sold at the exhibition of the South Charleston Agricultural Society in October. STEERS & OXEN. 30 head 3 year old Durham steers,-each, $220 60 45 31, Deerkiller & twin h. calves, 57 40 on topkins, and b. calf, 32 Lafayette, and h. calf, YEARLING HEIFERS. I large steer (Durham,) (Purchased by S. Thomas and oth ers, Columbus.) HOGS. 40 30 do 170 do 6,40 To be taken in the shock-sup. 70 80 posed will yield 70 to 80 bushels per acre. 25 50 Field No. 1. per acre, 13,12 do 11,00 Young Queen, If there is room for choice, select good deep loamy soil, rather inclining to sand than clayand where it is well exposed to sun and air. Apor hog pen, or both, (mixed,) and dig the ground ply a heavy coat of rotted manure, from the stable deeply, burying the manure 8 to 10 inches deep; rake it smooth and it is ready for planting. Select plants from runners of this year's growth, and from beds that are young or in a healthy bearing state, otherwise many of them will be apt to prove barren and useless. As to the kinds, get any of the good sorts in cultivation that can be found in your town or neighborhood, and plant two or three kinds near together if you can get them, as they will assist in impregnating each other, and a larger crop will be obtained. If plants are to be obtained from a nurseryman any MISTAKES AND OMISSIONS may have occurred in first named is finest of all, but should never be Lady Jane, of the following will be found excellent-(the sending the Cultivator to subscribers, and we planted far seperate from other kinds.) Hovey's St. Albion, will thank our friends to inform us thereof in all Seedling, Large Early Scarlet, Hudson's, Ross', Sarpedon, cases, that corrections may be made; (try how- Phoenix, Keen's Seedling, Elton, Myatt's Seed-Erw ever to do so without taxing us with postage iflings-and for variety and late bearing a few of even more spirited than on the first; that several of the purchasers of We are informed that the bidding on the second day was possible,) missing numbers will at all times be the Red and white Alpine or Monthly. fine cows sold the first day, were offered from twenty five to fifty supplied. In planting, set them in rows about two feet per cent advance on their animals but did not accept. The mixed cattle-such as farrow cows, grade heifers, calves, &c., sold at high Travelling Agent.-Mr. Henry Greatrake will apart and 18 inches apart in the row. Or if beds prices, as did also the horses and other property generally. The visit different parts of central and southern Ohio, are desired, make the beds 4 feet wide and set terms of the sale, allowing credit of from 4 to 9 months, undoubted. as agent for this paper. He has been very suc-3 rows on each; then leave an alley not less thanly had a considerable effect on the prices.-ED. O. CULT. cessful thus far, in obtaining subscriptions, and 2 feet wide between the beds. Keep clear of Hints on Wheat Sowing-Experiments Wanted. we bespeak for him, the confidence and assis- weeds and if more plants are not desired cut off Now is the time of preparation for next year's tance of our friends, wherever he may visit the runners 3 or 4 times a year. A thin sprink-wheat crop; and in addition to the numerous arling of lettuce or radish seed may be sown on the ticles we have recently published on the art of beds the first year, but afterwards the strawberies wheat cultivation we wish to say a few words will need all the space. It is a good plan to cover to the farmers of Ohio on this subject: the surface between the rows with straw or hay at the time of fruiting in the spring, to keep the fruit clean, and partially to protect against drought. them.-ED. Ohio State Board of Agriculture. No feature of the proceedings of the late agricultural convention appears to meet with such general approbation among our friends and correspondents, as that relating to the appointment and support of a State Board of Agriculture. If SOWING ONIONS, Lettuce, Spinage, &c.-This nothing further is done by the next legislature month, or next, as soon as the dry and hot than to establish such a board, this alone will be weather is over, gardeners will remember to sow a good beginning, and their labors will exert a onions, lettuce, spinage; &c., to stand over the most salutary influence in awakening a spirit of winter for early spring use; early cabbage plants improvement throughout the State-though of may also be raised, and protected by a cold frame course they would labor under great disadvanta- during winter. ges without some law for the encouragement of county agricultural societies. The following is an extract of a letter from Jef ferson county: A MISTAKE Occurred in printing a few hundred of our last number, in not altering the No. from 15 to 16, on first page, under the head. Those who have papers dated August 15, and numbered "15" will please alter it with a pen to No. 16. 888 solve, that if it is a possible thing, OHIO shall reAnd first of all, we want you every one to regain and henceforth retain the honor of being the greatest wheat State in the Union-that her wheat crop instead of diminishing every year, shall increase and improve, with the increase of this it shall be our duty to show can easily be her population and the spead of intelligenceshall recover our wonted prosperity as a State. done; and this is what must de done before we Now then farmers, one and all, what will you do towards accomplishing this desirable object? It is vain for us to write or talk or travel amongst you, if you do not put forth the necessary efforts to carry into effect the measures that may be recommended, or to test by experiments the plans of improvement that may be suggested by the discoveries of science. Here then is work for you all! Some of you we know have already engaged in it, and are acting upon the numerous suggestions that have been made through our columns, in regard to the manner of tilling and enriching the soil; but there is need of much more being done, and we want every one to take "I also hope that our State Society (or Board of Agriculture) will be able through their own exertions and the assistance of the county societies, to publish a volume suitable for the farmers of The Cattle Show and Fair of the N. Y. Ohio annually. As farmers we want light-we State Agricultural Society will be held at Utica, want reports of sccessful practice; they will be Sept. 16th, 17th and 18th. See further notice on as useful to us, as law reports are to lawyers. last page. We want something to collect and centralize what is already known, and what is alnost daily LONG CUCUMBER.-Mr. J. G. Buckley, residing discovered-to be again universally diffused for about two miles north of Columbus, informs us a part. In the first place all should try to put the benefit of all. I hope we are in a fair way that he has a cucumber in his garden which in their wheat a little better this year than formerly to have these wants supplied. measures four feet and two inches in length-he-this all can easily do, without much additional calls it the South American cucumber; we pre- trouble if they have made a proper use of their sume it is of the "serpent" species. own powers of observation, or have given any Respectfully &c., JOHN B. BAYLESS. |