At our visit to Mr. Hilderbrand's, in August last, he informed us that he had sent his clip of wool to Boston, but had not yet received returns from it. He also informed us that his last year's clip (1844,) was sent to the same market, and sold for 44 to 60 cents per lb., according to the quality-(some of his sheep being finer than others.) It was estimated it would lose 38 to 48 per cent in cleansing. This year the price of wool has been somewhat lower than the last, but we believe Mr. Hildebrand made such improvements in the quality and condition of his fleeces as probably enables him to obtain as high price as last year, and the top price of the market, but not $1 per lb.; nor is near that price necessary to make raising fine wool profitable business for Ohio farmers-especially if they can be protected from the great losses now annually sustained from dogs.-ED. O. Cultivator. Farming in Illinois.-We invite the attention of our readers to the advertisement of Mr. Thillaber in this paper. From information we possess, we think the property is most advantageously located, and would make a good investment for a person of industry and some capital. Mr. T. informs us that he raised 3,200 bushels of very superior wheat on the adjoining farm this summer. Thanksgiving in Ohio.-Gov. BARTLEY has issued his Proclamation, setting apart Thursday, the 20th day of the present month,as a day of Thanksgiving and Prayer in this State. We hope this time-honored and American custom will be strictly and religiously observed by the people of Ohio; and of all men, the FRMERS of this country have the most reason to be grateful, for the blessings a bountiful providence has bestowed in return for their labors the past years. CHEESE FOR ENGLAND.-The new packet ship, Washington Irving, of Eoston, takes out 500,000 lbs. of cheese, amongst other articles of provis ions. PRODUCTIVE PUMPKIN VINE.-Mr. Charles Story, of Washington county, Ohio, raised the present year, from one pumpkin vine, sixteen pumpkins of the first quality, weighing as follows: 60, 56, 51, 48, 44, 44, 43, 40, 40, 39, 38, 36, 36, 34, 33, 33-total 675 pounds. Who can beat this? Yours, &c. J. P. WEETHER. Round Bottom, Washington co., O. The weather has been very dry and pleasant for two or three weeks past. MISTAKES AND OMISSIONS may have occurred in sending the Cultivator to subscribers, and we will thank our friends to inform us thereof in all cases, that corrections may be made; (try however to do so without taxing us with postage if possible,) missing numbers will at all times be supplied. LADIES' DEPARTMENT. We are indebted for the following, to a lady of Utica, whose skill in the arts of housewifery, we have reason to know, is not often excelled:" To make Johnny cake.-Take two large cups of meal, one cup of flour, and one cup of sour milk; one egg, one table spoonful of molasses, and a tea spoonful of saleratus (dissolved)-mix thoroughly, and add sufficient sweet milk to cause the batter to spread in the pans; then bake in the usual wav. Rice Pudding.-One cup of clean rice, and nine cups of new milk, a piece of butter the size of a small hen's egg, a little salt, and sweeten to suit taste-some add a few raisins and a little For the Ohio Cultivator. Flowers - Friendship. MECHANICS' DEPARTMENT. Mechanics and their Improvement. [Extracts from an address delivered at the opening of the first course of lectures before the Mechanics' Literary and Benevolent Society of Poughkeepsie. N. Y., by Prof. A. POTTER,now Bishop of Pennsylvania. [Concluded from our last-p. 158] But how can young men, situated as the mechanic and apprentice are, still make great advaces in useful knowledge? and why should they do it? The season of flowers is drawing to a close. But their varied charms have an unyielding hold on our affections. Yes, w love the flowers, and we hear with regret their funeral knell sounding through the tress. The withering frown of autumn has desolated their charms. Its chilling breath has shrouded them in death. But their in- First, then, as to the manner in which it may fluence is felt and acknowledged. Their pursua- be done. You will perceive, here, that I suppose sive eloquence, we trust, will not be in vain. the young mechanic to continue his accustomed No! with their parting breath they exclaim, go occupations, and that too, with no remission of cherish and cultivate the more lasting flowers of industry or zeal. He is, in this respect, to do all the mind! You behold in us, but a faint emblem that the most scrupulous could ask, and yet he of the fragrance and beauty that should flourish shall have time enough and means enough, to make and grow in the heart's luxuriant clime, where great attainments in useful knowledge. the noblest aspirations of the soul germinate, and where the unrivaled flowers of pure affection, and exalted friendship should bloom in exuberance. Yes There is a lovely fragrant flower, It blooms but in one hallowed bower, Ah! no! a richer soil it boasts, We'll cherish then this twineing flower! Yes! friendship! 'tis thy brilliant hue, Nor yet, through time's career alone, Loydsville, O. The Hero. R. N. He shall have time enough. You have not failed to discover, before this, that a man's achievements do not depend upon the time allowed him. They depend, rather, on his energy and spirit.To a listless, lethargic, idle man, you might give ages, and he would effect nothing; whereas, a man, full of fire, and bent on some great end, seems to have the art of converting his minutes into hours. Husbanding every moment, with a niser's care, he accomplishes, in those little fragments of leisure, which most men think nothing of wasting, works that might seem to have required years, for minutes, multiplied, swell at last into years; and many a one, whose apology it is, that he lost only a moment here, and a monent there, will at length find when he reaches the age of fifty or sixty, that these little moments have expanded into years, long years, which stand a melancholy blank in the history of his life. It is related of the celebrated Madame Campan, that she composed one or more of those works, which have been so popular, during the brief intervals which were accustomed to elapse between the moment of her obeying the summons to dinner and that of sitting down at table. Lord Brougham, whose labors present such a miracle to the scholar of these degenerate days; who, in addition to his cares and labors in the courts and in parlament, sufficient of themselves to overwhelm ordinary men, finds time to master all the discoveries of modern science; to place himself in the very front rank of writers and inquirers; nay, to write books on natural theology, who can be seen at one hour, probing the abuses in the public charities of [Sung at the late exhibition of the Oberlin Agricultural Society.] the country; at the next, investigating the state My father was a farmer good, With corn and beef in plenty, I mow'd, and hoed, and held the plow, My birth-day came; my father urged, My sister wept, my mother prayed; We met the foe,-the cannon roar'd, I lost my leg, the foe came on, In Iowa they weigh pork by putting a plank across a rail, with the hog on one end, and then piling stones enough on the other end to balance; then guess at theweight of the stones! The woman who regularly reads the newspaper [Cultivator] will be much the more suitable companion for a well informed husband, and exert far more influence in the family, than she other wise could.' of popular education, and giving to that education new impulse; and, perhaps, before the day closes, bestowing a last revision on some work designed for the instruction or entertainment of the common people; this man tells us, as the secret of his labors, that he has work cut out for every moment, and that he never postpones for an hour what can be done now. And another name, [John Wesley,] associated with, or rather, under Providence, the source and strength of, one of the greatest religious movements recorded in history; a name which will ever be quoted as an example of energy and moral power,-can hardly be recalled, without thinking of that favorite motto of his,always in haste, but never in a hurry. Here, then, is the way in which you can make time for the pursuit of knowledge. It is by gathering up the fragments, that nothing be lost; by hoarding them with a frugal care, or rather by spending them with a provident liberality, in laying up stores of useful science, which, at some future day, will repay you a hundred fold. Consider, for a moment, what those fragments amount to in a year. It will be admitted, I presume, that, after meeting all the claims of your business, your family, your health, and your religion, you can still save, out of every day, in odd ends' of time, nearly, if not quite, two hours-which is about one eighth of all the hours not spent in sleep. Thus, one eighth of the whole of life may be devoted to intellectual improvement; amounting (should a man life to the age of three score) to almost eight entire years. And is that all?Far from it. These brief intervals for study, recurring each day, and several times a day, will, if improved, supply constant materials for interesting thought, during your hours of labor; so that not only may knowledge be acquired, while you are poring over books, but that knowledge can be digested and incorporated with the very substance of the mind, while you are at work; nay, can actually be amplified and enriched by the new application and illustrations which will be suggested by your pursuits, or by intercourse with others. latter includes all matters of human invention by sleeping and suffering, then passes away,-but which natural objects are changed in form, and of these are to him merely incidents of the day that imitation by which they are represented. The pass without making an impression upon his mind. scientific is of eternal existence, and is learned by He takes no note of even the most palpable objects discovery, while the artistic originates with the of creation, to say nothing of the magnificence of ingenuity or invention of man. every department of nature as revealed by the While scientific knowledge is of great value to light of science. Never having magnified his visthe farmer, as well as every other person of enter-ion by the aid of the microscope, he sees no beauty And to this, be it observed, the present state of prize,in facilitating the accumulation of the means in the insects that crawl at his feet and swarm in the arts is eminently conducive. That division of of elevated existence, let no one think that this is the sunbeam, but rather regards them, with much labor, which is so often adverted to, as one of the the full measure of its benefit. If this be considered else that exists, as deformities of nature. He distinguished features of modern industry, and the limit of its utility, then I pronounce it a curse, knows nothing of the harmony that prevails, and which has found its way into every kind of me- because it only panders to destructive avarice, the wonderful marks of design exhibited through chanical labor, is not more favorable to the pro- the most baneful passion of the heart. Instead the illimitable creation. Hence he can have little duction and perfecting of material fabrics, than it of strengthening this overwhelming passion knowledge of HIM who has ordered all things so is, when properly improved, to the cultivation which is predominant in minds of limited expan- gloriously; neither can he estimate the majesty of and elevation of the human mind. It is often sion, I look to science as the only means by which man in His divine economy. To properly care objected to such division, that, by simplifying la- avarice can be overcome, and with it the black for an object we must truly know its value.bor, and superseding, in consequence, much of horde of crimes, frauds, extortions and oppressions Hence, man to elevate himself in all that is good the thought and care formerly necessary, it tends which are its legitimate offspring. It is calcula- and noble must have some conception of the to degrade the artisan into a mere machine.-ted in its very nature, to elevate the human char- greatness of humanity. Hence the want of selfAnd so it does, if the artisan chooses to be degra- acter above everything base, degrading and low, knowledge induces degradation of character. I ded; chooses to spend the leisure, thus given him, and invest her devotees with the dignity of true want no better evidence of the ignorance and in a state of mere mental vacancy. But why manhood. mental barrenness of a man, than to know that he is vicious and unaspiring. He may be reputed as learned, but he has not looked into the essence of things, his emotions have not been enkindled, his soul has not been expanded by the spirit of science. His studies have been superficial he has not drunk deep of the pierien spring. should he not consider it as a precious gift from 1. Science elevates the character by developing 4. Science teaches us our destiny, and to what we live. This is religious science. In learning ourselves, we also learn our relations to the world, our fellows and our Creator, whence result our duties and obligations, and a knowledge of the end of life, which is, to be great and good. These things are truly appreciated by the aid of knowledge and development alone, and he only, who is spiritually as well as literally scientific, exhibits the sublime dignity of human nature. This is religion; and the reason why there is so much profession and so little practice of her virtues is, that the religion professed is barren of science her real essence. Religious science is intimately and inseperably connected with all other branches of learning, and all are necessary to a full, ample and complete development. While I have no confidence in the learning of those who are not educated in religions science, I also have no confidence in the religion of him who is ignorant of all kinds of science. If such individuals have any virtue, it does not spring from the depth of the soul. They are not so wedded to righteousness, as, let come what will, they will not forsake her pleasant paths. Viewing the subject in this light. I think I do not exaggerate when I say that a mechanic, in these days, may in effect, devote nearly one quarter of his time to mental improvement; or, which is the same thing, he may, in the course of an ordinary life save, for the best and most important of all purposes, the entire space of twelve or fifteen years, which, as usually spent is worst than wasted. And what facilities does he not enjoy, 2. Elevation of character is in proportion to for the profitable employment of those years? mental development. I take the ground that the Good books have become so abundant and cheap, natural exercise of our mental faculties, is, in all that a man of very limited means can still possess cases, the right exercise of them. What is menhimself of a vast fund of knowledge; in addition tal sovereignty? It is the supremacy of the intelto which, public libraries are now so richly fur- lect and moral sentiments over all our conduct, nished, and are conducted on such liberal princi- and the complete subjugation of the passions or ples, that there is hardly anything useful in sci- propensities. This is natural. Wrong and degence, or elegant in literature, to which the youth- redation of character result from the weakness 5. But says one, there are exceptions which ful student may not have access, I had almost of the sovereign power on the one hand, and the prove too strong for your rules thus laid down.said, without money and without price. And desperate strength which the passions acquire on There are many learned men who are not as good this knowledge has, in modern works, been stu- the other. This is an unnatural condition. Now, as they are learned, and there are many ignorant diously adapted to the unlearned; is in many in- science appeals to the intellect and sentiments, persons whose virtues are an ornament to humanstances illustrated for the special benefit of the and consequently secures their sovereignty. All ity. As to the first, let me say, that they have mechanic and the laboring man; and is rendered iniquity and wrong with which the world is filled, studied for selfish and venal purposes. They equally attactive and simple, by means of anecdotes appeal to the passions, and hence, the conflict have not bowed to science from a pure devotion, engravings and maps. In addition to all this, the continually waged between science or mental de- and consequently have not experienced her soulmechanic is invited to lectures, which, though velopment, and wrong, or the lawlessness of the stirring and regenerating power. They are not they may not be sufficient to instruct him fully on passions. All strength which the intellect and so learned as they are reputed to be. As to any subject, are yet most useful in awakening a moral sentiments acquire, tends to the true and the latter, they are either restrained by fear or led spirit of enquiry; in spreading before him an out- the good; provided, always, that their develop- along by habit in which there is no merit, or else line of the ground over which he ought to travel; ment proceeds pari passee, an neither be neglect- they have looked into themselves and read upon and in supplying him with hints, for the direction ed at the expense of the other. The intellect the broad tablet of their consciousness, their val of his route. And all these, be it remembered, sheds her light on the path of rectitude;-the ue as intellectual beings, their duty and destiny. are means and appliances offered only to the modSuch have more wisdom than they are accredited, ern inquirer In the days of Franklin and Ritand are a law unto themselves, a law understood tenhouse, and those other selt-made men to by self-knowledge. whom I have referred, books were scarce; public lectures unknown; and public libraries as barren as they were scarce. Is it too much, then to ask of the young men of our day, that enjoying as they do, more of leisure and immeasureably greater facilities for improvement, they should at least endeavor to emulate such bright examples? moral sentiments take cognizance of the way, 6. If, then, science is so essential to elevation of character, what is the duty of the people? Is it not to make everything subservient to its acquisition? All are solemnly bound to make life a period of constant study and progress in greatness and goodness. To this end alone should all wealth be devoted. These matters being understood, what becomes of that avarice which clings to the dollar as the choicest treasure of life? Cincinnati, O. L. A. HINE. 3. By enabling man to know himself. The great secret of all the wickedness of the world is, the want of self-knowledge and self appreciation. What is it to know ourselves? It is to see clearly the position of humanity in the economy of God-to know for what we live and for what we die. It is to estimate truly the value of MAN in the great chain of being. What can the ignorant person know of these momentous subjects?To him the sun rises and sets-the moon and the nightly host break the gloom of darkness-the seaAnalysis of Soils.-Farmers who have been givsons pass and return-the rains descend-the ing some attention to agricultural chemistry, and harvest succeeds the sowing-the flocks and wish to have their soils analysed, are referred to herds gambol upon a thousand hills-the waters an advertisement on our last page. Dr. Rayabound with the finny tribes-the groves are vo- mond, who was formerly a resident of Buffalo, N. cal with choristers of nature-and man is born, Y., we know to be a man of science, and we bepasses a few years in eating, drinking, toiling, lieve is well qualified to perform such analysis. A word about Hogs - Woburn and Berkshire. Don't be alarmed! ye anti-Berkshire men who may glance at the above; we are not going to attempt a revival of the Berkshire pig speculation that raged in this country about five years ago. We were never warm advocates of that or any other particular breed of hogs, nor are we prepared to say what breed is best, all things considered, for the farmers of Ohio. But we do say, that there is much room for improvement in this important staple of our State, and it becomes those interested to give the subject their attention. We should be pleased if some experienced pork-raiser, familiar with the different breeds would give us a chapter on hogs. The above cut is a portrait that appeared in the Western Farmer and Gardener three or four years ago, of a sow_pig called Bernice; a cross of Woburn and Berksbire, the property of Dr. Martin of Kentucky. To our mind it represents as perfect a specimen of the pork genus as we have seen. The editor in speaking of Bernice, says, ' she was weighed in our presence on the 25th of May when only eight months and seven days old, and her weight was three hundred and fifly four pounds! True, she had been fed on mush and milk and other good things, but then what a weight! And look at her! could anything of the hog kind excel her in all her points? We think not." [We gave a part of the substance of the following letter in our paper of Sept. 15, but had not room for the whole.-ED.] PHILADELPHIA, Sept. 2, 1845. M. B. BATEHAM, Esq.-Dear Sir:- We have command the demands, and thus enable us to aware there are some that will think they cannot make any further improvement, and that there is nothing more that they can usefully learn; now while I profess not to be one of this number, and am an humble enquirer for more light, I hope those who are already wise enough will not withhold their support from this society, but that they will take as much pleasure in teaching the ignorant, as the ignorant will take in learning of them; and to such as may be sufficiently enlightened to need no instruction, I hereby enter my protest against their hiding their light under a bushel. Associations of this kind are well calculated to cause us to read, to enquire, and to adopt means of systematic improvement. They are the means of collecting into a common fund, the experiance of good, practical farmers, which is again to be distributed for the common benefit of all. And yet another important advantage we may expect from this society, will be the effect it will have upon our minds and upon our feelings. It will awaken among us a spirit of emulation, and this will give force to our moral and physical capacities; anything that sets us to thinking, and to enquiring, will be an operation upon the mind that will certainly improve it. 'It belongs to us, as a natural and a conventional rignt, to cherish and pro:ect our interests; and when we see merchants forming boards of trade, and obtaining laws to promote their intereststhe manufacturers forming corporations, and askng for laws to protect them in their businessthe mechanics forming their trades unions, and combinations to extend their trades and support their prices-the doctors forming medical societies and getting laws to protect the profession from quacks, and their interests from injury-and the lawyer still more adroit, making and expounding and administering the law to suit themselves,and laying heavy burthens upon the public, without so much as touching the least of them with their little finger; and our rulers, many of whom make politics a trade increasing our public debts, and our taxes until the extraordinary spectacle is produced, that while science and competition is making everything better and cheaper, government is almost the only thing that is getting worse and more costly; the only thing that advances backwards; and thus while the farming interest embraces more than five times the number and value of all the rest combined, it asks and gets the least public favors, and is subjected to nearly all the public burthens, and yet furnishes the bright and patient example of doing it almost without a murmur! We keep clear of contracts for an article which your favor of the 27th Aug., stating that our pub- is to be produced and delivered more than a year lication of the results of Mr. Parmlee's last year hence, considering that as manufacturers the risk crop of brown mustard seed had induced many of a profitable sale of the manufactured mustard is farmers in Ohio to engage in its culture to some as much as prudent business men ought to take. extent this year, and wishing us to inform you Yet if capital, energy and manufacturing skill at what price we would take the crop of mus- will avail anything, we hope not to disappoint tard seed which has been raised in Ohio this the growers of mustard seed in 1846. We have year. In reply we can say that no new mustard invested a large capital in the necessary machinery seed has yet reached market, and of course there and mills for the manufacture of mustard, and in'But the organization of this society is only the is no price yet fixed for the article, yet as you say tend to continue the purchase of seed as long as commencement of our duties. When the State we may have been instrumental in inducing the its manufacture will return us a living profit. organized its agricultural society, it recommended Ohio farmers to engage in the business, with the In conclusion, let us say, that we consider the auxiliary societies to be formed in every county. hope of obtaining last year's prices, and as we are farmers of Ohio fortunate in having one to edit The farmers of this county have now responded desirous of securing the whole crop of brown seed, an agricultural paper in their State, who not only to this call; the duty of recommending township we hereby authorize you to say to your Ohio points them to the best crops, and the best mode associations now devolves upon us for the purfriends,that all Ohio brown mustard seed of as good of culture, but who also leaves no stone unturned pose of carrying the benefits of our institution to quality as Mr. Parmelee's last year's crop, which to point them to the best markets for the products every family in the county. Lyceums and debamay be sent direct to us over the improvements of of their labor. Hoping that your efforts to pro- ting associations are common and popular, and if Pennsylvania via Pittsbuugh, and which reaches mote their interests will be appreciated, and that we can persuade them to turn their attention to here by the 1st of November, we will pay the they may embrace the privilege of drawing for an agricultural lyceum in every towns ip, and same price we paid Mr. Parmelee last year, say years, instruction and interest from your val- thus give a useful direction to this popular incli8 cts. per pound, and for that of inferior quality a uable sheet, we are nation, we shall have even in this, accomplished proportionate price, and to avoid all dispute, we Respectfully yours, &c., enough to justify us in this association. If the are willing that the weighmaster should send you township societies were to meet every month, for samples of such crops, and for you to compare an interchange of sentiments, and the discussion them with the sample of Mr. P's. last year's crop, of agricultural questions, this would soon lead to and say what deduction in price should be made. taking ogricultural papers by almost every farmer You will observe that we want the whole crop, and in the county, as well as the establishment of to obtain it we offer at once a market at a high price, small agricultural libraries; and nothing in my and shall not expect to be injured by persons who view is so well calculated to make our societies so are not familiar with purchasers, tampering with 'We are taught by an old proverb, that when we useful, so cheap and so diffusive. The next step speculators, and should any person not give us the know what is the disease, it is half cured, and I in the career of usefulness that presents itself to first opportunity of purchasing his seed, but 'RUN think we have cause to rejoice, that as agricultu- my mind is the establishment of a county scienthe market to our injury, we shall exercise our rists that is now our case? our associating to in- tific agricultural school, or college, which should own irterest in rejecting his crop or not. crease our knowledge and improve our practice be done on a farm, where the languages, and the In order that your friends in Ohio may know of agriculture, proves that we have knowledge higher branches of science should be taught, and, how we handle seed with our new machinery enough to know that we are ignorant, and that also, where the principles of good husbandry, emand improvements, we have sent to you a we have now come to the resolution to use our bracing horticulture and domestic economy should box containing 48 canisters of our mustard made best exertions in an aggregated, as well as in our be practised as well as taught; here students from Ohio brown mustard seed, which you will separate capacity, to improve our minds, and to do should learn to work as well as study; in this way oblige us by distributing to such persons as all we can to cure ourselves of the evil malady of I apprehend the institution might be made to pay you think proper. You will observe that it is un- ignorance, and all our superstitious prejudices the principal part of its expenses, and besides the like any mustard heretofore manufactured in this in favor of the old ways-determined to en- economy of the project, it has several other strong country, being entirely free from hull or black quire for better, and follow old ways no longer reasons to recommend it. Since the fall of man, specks, and altogether, such an article as will than until we can find better new ones. I am he is doomed to get his bread by the sweat of his C. J. FELL & BROTHER. Advantages and duties of Agricultural Societies. Extracts of JOHN B. BAYLESS' Address deliv- brow; the merciful results of this sentence, is found in the fact, that considerable exercise is necessary to health and the enjoyment of life, and this exercise may as well be useful, as useless, and if useful, affords the additional inducement of furnishing at one and the same time, both food and physic without expense. 'Look at a young gentleman returned from College, pale, weak, emaciated and sickly, a subject for the nurse at home, and who has no idea that he should do anything but hunt office and govern. Let labor go hand in hand with study, and I believe so far from the time spent in labor being a loss to the student, it would be a mental as well as a physical gain, and that he would really learn more in the same time when his system was in good case, produced by useful exercise, than he would without it; and when he finished his education and returned home, with rosy cheeks, strong and athletic body, eyes sparkling with vivacity he would be the noblest work of God, able and ready usefully to run the race before him; and with hand and head, with body and mind capable of serving and ornamenting society in any situation that fortune or providence may place him. English News-The Markets, &c. Rise in the price of breadstuffs and American provisions--Failure of the Potatoe crop, &c. The arrivals from England, since our last, have had considerable try; and it is now considered quite certain that a foreign demand N. Y. AGRICULTURAL WAREHOUSE. and provisions of this country, and thus ensure remunerating prices HAVING taken the commodious store, No. 187. Water street, the to farmers. The steamship Great Britain arrived on the 15th ult., bringing dates to September 27, with accounts of the return of bad weather and the certainty of great damage to the unfinished harvest, and an extensive failure of the potatoe crop, both in England and on the continent, and a consequent rapid rise in the price of flour, causing creased activity was also manifested in the demand for American extensive orders to be sent to Canada and the United States. Inprovisions of all kinds This news immediately caused an advance of prices, with much speculation in flour, &c., throughout this country, which continued till the arrival of the steamship Hibernia, on the 19th ult., bringing seven days later intelligence. The news by this arrival, (to Oct. 4,) represented the weaher and from Canada and the United States, together with the continued month since. subscriber is now opening the LARGEST AND MOST COMPLETE assortment of Agricultural Implements of all kinds ever yet offered in this market. Most of these are of a new and highly improved pat tern, warranted to be of the best materials, put together in the strongest manner, of a very superior finish, and offered at the lowest cash prices. Nurseries, Gardens, and Conservatories in the United States. HORSES, CATTLE, SHEEP, SWINE, AND POULTRY. Orders executed for stock of all kinds to the best advantage. The subscriber requests samples sent to him of any new or im. proved implements, seeds, &c., &c., which, if found valuable, extra pains will be taken to bring them before the public. A. B. ALLEN, 187 Water street, New York. Nov. 1, 1845. Wisconsin, is offered at a low price, and stock of various kinds would be received in part payment at their cash value in Illinois. There are about 1200 acres including a grove of ancient timber of about eighty acres. It is a high rolling prairie-soil rich and ready for the plow. A creek of spring water runs through the farm, and Rock River bouuds it on the East, a mile and a quarter. 300 acres are perfect meadow; mills and villages near, and water excellent. little fencing-leaving all to the taste and judgment of the purchaser. The improvements on the place are limited-a house, shanty and a There are two other farins uear the above, but not so large, which I ofer on similar terms. Further particulars may be learned on application to the editor of the Ohio Cultivator, or to the subscriber JOHN THILLABER. at Dixon, Illinois. Indian corn and meal, it is expected, will be admitted into Eng. land free of duty, after the next session of Parliament. This will doubtless cause considerable export of this article from this country; but from what we know of the prejudice of the English people 'An institution of this kind would be almost as against Indian meal as food, we do not believe the demand will be useful a school to the parents as to the children, very great for that purpose, at least for several years to come. A FARM IN EXCHANGE FOR STOCK, &c. Strange as it may appear to Americans, nothing but danger of absoif properly conducted, and its operations frequent-lute starvation will reduce stubborn Johnny Bull to feed on mush()NE of the best farms in Northern Illinois, a little southerly of ly examined. It should be a pattern farm, where or Indian bread. improving the land should be done upon scien- the circular of Messrs. J. & C. Kirkpatrick.)-The supply of most Liverpool American Provision Market, Oct. 1, (abridged from tific and successful principles: where the best articles is now quite limited, and new arrivals will meet ready stock was kept and raised; where, in short, agri- sale. Beef we quote an advance of 2s. on previous advices, and present rates, at least, will be maintained through the season. Pork culture, horticulture and domestic economy would is now more inquired for, and the sales of the past month have been be taught and practiced upon scientific, and use-pects both for beef and pork are good, and a higher range of prices more extensive than in any previous month this year. The prosful principles, and the arts and sciences taught is likely to be maintained for American in the coming season, as the fullest practical extent. Ireland will not compete for the supply of our markets with either 'Having now briefly considered some of the article to any extent-the enlarged home consumption being quite adequate to keep prices at such a level there as will exclude her principal advantages of an agricultural association from competition in the supply of salted provisions. This is evias affecting the improvement of its members, it denced by the rates at which the navy contract has just heen concluded the average price for 8,000 tierces being £6 8s., and for remains our duty to consider the next most im- 14,000 tierces pork, £6 13s-the tierce in both cases being 326 lbs. portant object of such associations, and in my while these rates, though higher than last year's prices by 228. on beef, and 19s. on pork, are considered too low to be remuneraopinion, that is the improvement and most skilful tive to the contractors. Cheese is scarce, with brisk demand. The cultivation of our old dear mother earth. She has only import of consequence, during the month, was 1500 boxes by Great Britain, which, being of fine quality and good condition, sold produced us, she feeds and clothes us, without at auction, on landing, at from from 50 to 60s., a few dairies bringS' money and without price. the bounties of her ihg 638. (per cwt.) We raise our quotations 5 to 68. Lard, talrich breast, to reap and to graze; yet experience low, grease, and butter, are all in good demand, at slightly increased prices, with limited supplies on hand. proves to us that if we make no filial returns, we shall exhaust her power to support us. But she is as bountiful as she is generous, and returns our grateful attention in the most useful and abundant our last, but is now selling at 3 75 @ 3 87. Wheat, 70 cts.; Corn 23 @ 25; Oats, 22 @ 25 cts per bu. manner; and her abundant and rich returns are "HoGs.-Though the season does not seem to have opened, yet ten-fold greater than any fflial duties in our pow-there has been some large sales. So far, it is supposed, contracts er to contrbute. have been made amounting to 60,000 or 70,000 bogs at $4. It is the prevalent opinion that the price will not fall below $4. Drovers. rather than sell for less, will pack on their own account. Some sales have been made at 3 75, for those weighing under 200 lbs.”— Enquirer. THE MARKETS. N. B. The advertiser is carrying on a very large farm near the above, and with great satisfaction; and will be gratified to be of service to settlers in that quarter. He would be willing to work the large farm on joint account with a good farmer, who has means equal to about half the cost and requisite outlays. 500 ACRES OF CORN FOR SALE, UITABLE for cattle feeders, located in different parts of Ross and Clinton counties. For terms, &c., apply to the owner. GEO. W. DUNN. AT CHILLICOTHE. Oct. 15-3t. ANALYSIS OF SOILS. CINCINNATI, Oct. 30.-Flour bas sold as high as 4 10 @ 4 25 since HE undersigned is prepared to analize soils after the most ap CLEVELAND, Oct. 28.-Flour is held at 4 25. Salt has advanced to 1 374 per bbl. No change in other articles 1 25.-Blade. NEW YORK, Oct. 25.-Flour sells less freely than last week, COLUMBUS PRODUCE MARKET. proved method. The soil should be selected from the average quality of the field. It should be dried in the sun, sifted through a hair sieve, and enclosed in writing paper. A pound will be a convenient quantity, but half an ounce will be sufficient; it may be put in a bag made of a quarter of a sheet of fine letter paper, and enclos ed in a letter, so that the whole package need not weigh more than an ounce, and sent by mail. The specimens should be accompanied by a description of the land, an account of the first growth of timber, &c., of the crops, of their order of succession, and of their quantity and quality. The charge for the analysis of one specimen, will be five dollars, for three specimens (if sent at the same time,) ten dollars. Cincinnati, Oct. 15, 1845. CHARLES A. RAYMOND, M. D. Sixth Street, opposite the Medical College of Ohio. FRUIT TREES. of the State House on the Sandusky road, an extensive assort OR SALE, at the Bowery Nursery, one and a half miles north Orders from a distance promptly attended to. Trees carefully packed and correctly labelled. Persons not familiar with the names of fruit will do well to leave the selection to the proprietor; in such cases those only wil be sent of the most approved kinds, and when required, such as ripen in succession. September 15, 1845.-5t JOHN FISHER. 'Necessity compelled our friends in the east to form agricultural societies to repair the ruins bad management produced. Our own experience and their success should stimulate us in this good work, before we reduce our land to useless sterility. It is more easy and cheap to maintain the productive power of our land than it is to restore it after we have exhausted it. Here we have a good soil, though prices are well maintained. Genesee and best quality of with abundant and cheap means to improve with, western brings 5 44 @5 50. Wheat of prime quality brings 1 15 per bu.; Corn, 65, Oats, 43 cts.; Ashes, 3 88 @ 4 12 per 100 lbs.ment of Fruit Trees. comprising the best American and Foreign and it is a duty we owe ourselves and our poster-Mess pork is in good demand at 13 75 @ 14 00. Lard, 84; West- varieties of Apples, Pears, Peaches, Plums, Cherries, Apricots. ity to use them in a proper manner. An industri-ern dairy butter is 16 @ 18 ets; store packed. 14 @ 15; Ohio, 11 Nectarines and Quinces, together with Ornamental Trees and Shrubbery, Grape Vines, Goosberries, Raspberries and Strawberries. ous and skilful farmer will make poor land rich, 124. Cheese is in demand for shipment at 7 @ 8 cts. Also a fine variety of Roses, Bulbs, &c. while a lazy ignorant one will make rich land poor; and it is a cowardly abandonment of our duty to stop just long enough in a place to ruin it, and then run off for Texas or Oregon, to live among savages; such conduct is also criminal as well as cowardly, and should therefore be subject to the penal laws. Continue zealously to promote the objects of our association, and you will soon produce a change that will make it more desirable for the people of the new, as well as of the old PROVISIONS. world to come here among us, than any inducements they can present for us to leave here and go elsewhere. When we shall have succeeded in marrying science and labor, and cause them to be generally diffused, we shall see the good effects of directing the hand of labor by an enlightened and thinking head. The earth will smile and blossom, and return almost to its Paradisacal state. Besides, it is humiliating to see such an extensive desire to wander after new fields to wear out, and like wandering Arabs, strangers to all the endearing asssociations connected with the words "native home." SHORT ADVERTISEMENTS, suited to the agricultural character of this paper, will be inserted at the rate of six cents per line, for the first insertion, and three cents for the second and each subsequen insertion. I GRAIN. Turkeys, each, 18 a 66 a a 10 THE 8 Chickens, 87 50 [Rochester, N. Y.] HE subscribers offer for sale 200,000 fruit trees of different ages and kinds, thoroughly tested upon bearing trees in the city and vicinity. Also a good assortment of hardy ornamental trees and shrubs. Persons ordering from us may depend upon their orders being faithfully executed, and the trees will be carefully packed and forwarded to any address. We can also furnish any amount of scions All orders must be acand young stock for nurseries at the west. companied by cash, or if a credit is desired, a good reference. BISSEL & HOOKER. 50 3 dried, Peaches, dried, Potatoes, 1,50 2,00 a Refer to M. B. Bateham, Columbus, O. Seeds. a 7 7 a 8 Clover, bu.. "in kgs. or bbls. 61 a Butter, best, rolls, 10 a COLUMBUS NURSERY AND HORTICUL- 81 JOHN OHN BURR offers for sale at this establishment over 1000 peach trees of the choicest varieties, about 700 choicest kinds of cherry trees; a few of the most select varieties of Apples, Pears, Plums, Apricots, Quinces and Grape-vines; many varieties of Strawberry plants, embracing varieties not surpassed in quality, flavor, size or productiveness; also, Filberts, Currants, Raspberries, Asparagus and Rheubarb roots; 100 varieties Chinese, Tea, Bourbon, Norsitte, Mi 6 ASHES, (only in barter.) crophylla, Multiflora and Garden Roses, Springas, Atheas Lilacs, Pot, 100 lbs.. Gudder Rose or Snowball, Double Flowring Almond, Honeysuckles, VOL. I. A Semi-Monthly Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture. COLUMBUS, OHIO, NOVEMBER 15, 1845. Published on the 1st and 15th of each month. TERMS. ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR, for single subscriptions, but when four or more copies are ordered together, the price is only 75 cents each, [or 4 copies for $3.] All payments to be made in advance; and all subscribers will be supplied with the back numbers from the commencement of the volume, so that they can be bound together at the end of year, when a complete INDEX will be furnished POST MASTERS, and all friends of agriculture, are respectfully solicited to use their influence to obtain subscribers. Our Terms for next Year. Special notice to our friends and readers generally. Two numbers more will complete the first volume of the Cultivator; and, according to our CASH SYSTEM, all subscribers will be required to renew their subscriptions before any papers will be sent them after that time (unless they have already paid for a longer period in advance.) A new prospectus will be issued with our next number, and a complete index will accompany the number following. As some of our friends design to embrace the favorable opportunity for sending remittances by the members of the legislature shortly to assemble, we subjoin the following Terms: The Ohio Cultivator will be continued at the same price as heretofore, (though improved by the use of more engravings, &c.) viz: One Dollar per Year, in Advance, OR, FOUR COPIES FOR THREE DOLLARS, when ordered at one time (they need not be to one ad NO. 22. Subscribers who have failed to receive any of growth and propagation. This will be explained the numbers of the Cultivator of the present year, by the following illustrations taken from a late will please inform us thereof when they renew English periodical, in which our former remarks their subscriptions, and the missing ones will be are strongly corroborated: sent. Encouragement!-A wealthy farmer of this county, who keeps a large flock of sheep, stopped us in the street the other day to express to us the deep interest he felt in the efforts that are being made to protect the interests of wool growers, and to promote agricultural improvement generally in Ohio. If he had not told us to the contrary, we should have believed he cared nothing about these things, for when asked to subscribe for the CULTIVATOR last spring, he refused to do so, on the alleged ground that he had not time to read it! We are truly glad to discover that he finds time occasionally to read a borrowed copy! Contrast.-Another wealthy farmer of this county, who has less time for reading than the one above alluded to, subscribed and paid in advance for five copies of the Cultivator, for himself, three tenants, and a son at school. d (a) Rust plant or fungus of the most common form (magnified) with the capsule closed. (b) One of the same with capsule open and seed escaping. (c) A species of a different form, having a fringed capsule. threads. (d) Species of a globular form, having connecting links or An English writer, (Mr. Johnson we believe) in speaking of the rust says: It generally assumes the appearance of a rusty looking powder, dispersed in spots or patches over the surface of the plant, which,upon minute inspection are found to consist of thousands of small globules collected SALES OF STOCK. (FOR OHIO.)-We lately no- into groups beneath the hard glassy skin of the ticed a couple of fine Durham calves, and some plant. The groups of gobules have been ascersuperior Merino sheep designed for the West.-tained by naturalists to be patches of tiny "mushThe calves, (Don and Dolly) are a very promising rooms," the seeds of which, as they float in the pair, purchased of Mr. Prentice, of Mount Hope, air, enter the pores of the plant, and destroy it if and are designed for Messrs. George Wolfe and it should happen to be sickly. It is known by Thomas M'Guire, of Keene, Coshocton county, farmers as the red rust. Another species, called Ohio. The sheep were obtained in part from the the red gum, which attacks the ear only, is still noted flock of Mr. J. N. Blakesly, of Watertown, more destructive. In the aggregate it consists of Connecticut, and part from the no less noted flock groups of minute globules, interspersed with of Mr. S. W. Jewett, of Weybridge, Vermont.-transparent fibres. The globules are filled with They were designed for Philo Buckingham, of a fine powder, which explode when they are put Putnam, Ohio. We trust all these animals will into water. It is very generally accompanied arrive safely at their several places of destination, with a maggot of a yellow colour, which preys where we are sure they cannot fail to be highly also upon the grain, and increases the amount of appreciated.-Albany Cull. the injury.' Great yield of Pumpkins.-We saw a row of six In order to make this article more complete we dress.) No distinction will be made in this re- huge pumpkins at the agricultural Fair a Dayton annex our former engravings, above alluded to, spect between those who are at present subscribers, and new ones. Premiums! We have a new supply of Colman's volume of the Genesee Farmer complete (in Nos.) with the index, which we offer as premiums to all who may send us FOUR SUBSCRIBERS (with $3) two or more of them to be new ones-i. e., such as are not on our list the present year. And if any who do this have already received that volume of the Farmer as a premium, we will send them some other. Postage. All letters with remittances, and in accordance with our terms, may be sent by mail, at our risk and cxpense. Post Office orders are more trouble than profit to all parties, and we request our friends not to send them. Send Early. last month, but did not learn any particulars re- More about Rust in Wheat. WITH NEW ILLUSTRATIONS. In one of the early numbers of our paper, (No. a 3,) it will be remembered we gave a chapter on Rust in wheat, with engravings illustrating the nature and mode of propagation of this worst malady to which our staple crop is liable. The statements then given were new to the majority of our readers, and contrary to the opinions of many. Hence the desire has been expressed that further examinations of the subject should be We hope as many of our friends as can do so made. It was our intention to have given the will send their new subscriptions by .he members farmers of this vicinity an opportunity of exam-stripes of rust, or fungi, and the burs ing of the epidermis. of the Legislature, and then send us as many ad-ining specimens of rusted wheat with a good miditional names as possible by the first of Janu-croscope the past season, but owing to the effects of frost and drought we saw no good specimens, and want of time prevented our making proper search. We will endeavor to do it next year; and also to give the results of experiments tending to point out the means of preventing the attacks of this malady. ary. POST MASTERS will greatly oblige us by asking our subscribers to renew promptly their subscriptions, and sending the same to us as early as possible, so that we can judge as to what number of copies to print on the first of January. (a) Section of diseased wheat straw, slightly magnified, showing (c) Small bunch of fungi, more magnified, showing their attachment to the crevice or slit in the straw. (b) The fungi, or rust plants, greatly magnified, full grown, with the seeds escaping from two of them. Our next chapter of this kind will be on SMUT in wheat-with pictures to match. Construction of a Milk House-Inquiry. MR. BATEHAM-Being about to build a dairy, or We are happy in being able to announce that Mr We have been reminded that our former en-milk house, will thank you for any suggestions.JOHN T. BLAIN, who has been long and favorably gravings represented the minute rust plants or Did you ever see anything extra of this sort in known as Assistant Postmaster at Columbus, has Jungii as having a more uniform and highly or- York State? My site is on a north hill side, imbeen engaged to take the management of the sub-ganized appearance than they usually present on mediately below the well, from which I propose scription books and mailing department in our examination. This is attributable, in part, to the obtaining the necessary water; unless perhaps I office, for the coming year. The public in this circumstance that there are found to be several may build a cistern above ground, and draw the region will need no other assurance that the bu- varieties or species of these fungi, differing ma- water from it by a pipe of lead or iron. The masiness will be correctly done. terially in form, though agreeing in their mode of terial thought of, is stone, unless you insist that |