brick is better. Suppose you give us a cut-a plan, in your Cultivator; others may want information too, on this subject.

I do not fear but that I can make the house cool in summer, and of a proper temperature in winter-but I am not so confident about the necessary ventilation, which I am told is a sine qua non, admitting the exterior air by windows or doors, for the purpose of a draught, admits every variation of temperature-too warm in summer and too cold in winter. Let us hear from you, and oblige A SUBSCRIBER.

Hamilton co., O.

P. S. Can an ice house be legally attached to a milk house so as to take advantage of the unavoidable melting of the ice for the purpose of keeping milk, &c.

ing sweet and good much longer, and retaining to the hills I made an open ditch to carry off the
its fine flavor and color to the last, which spring flooding from the hills, and also a covered drain
house butter would not do. And he observed, it to carry off the wet weather springs that arose on
is customary to account for the greater price which the side next to the hill. I made the covered
which some dairymen obtain for their butter in drain by digging a ditch three feet deep and
the market, by saying it is cellar butter.
twenty inches wide, then filling it half full of
Of course, it is readily admitted that much de- rubble stones thrown in as loosely as possible, lev-
pends on the mode that is adopted in the man- eling the top, and covering over with straw, then
agement of the dairy, commencing with the breed filling up with the earth, hauling the surplus clay
and feed of the cows, and ending with the man-off to fill up a hollow that was at one end of the
ipulations of the butter; but the idea is gaining drain. By this operation I had the wet side of
ground, that the best butter is to be made in a the field perfectly dry. The ground had been in
cellar, all other circumstances being equal.
pasture for several years and I gave it a pretty
that several of them had substituted the cellar for plow down the sod and manure about the last of
On reconnoitering amongst my friends, I found good dressing of manure. My design was, to
the spring house; and I do not know one who is April or first of May, and work on the back of the
not satisfied with the arrangement, except it be sward. I attempted to plow at the proper time
where the cellar is dug in a damp soil, or has been but found the ground so hard that it was almost
most injudiciously opened to the well, the evapo- impossible to plow it. I put it off, waiting for
ration from which fills the room with constant rain: during this time the drouth prevailed with
moisture, which may be found adhering to the unusual severity. The hills on all sides of us
walls, the ceiling and the wood-work, the shelves, were on fire. Almost every Gazette brought in-
and particularly the inside of the door, causing telligence of destructive conflagrations in towns
a damp and clammy feel, and a nauseous, mouldy and cities, and gloomy forebodings filled the minds
smell, which the butter imbibes, to its lasting in- of farmers throughout the whole country. I saw
jury: indeed no good butter can be made in such clearly that the meadows would be a failure, and
places.
corn was the only prospect for winter food for
cattle. I had a large stock of work oxen to pro-
vide for.

On the 22d of May we had a very refreshing rain. I concluded that I would now break up my grass field and plant in corn as soon as possible. The rain had not penetrated into the hard clay sod field over two inches: it was as hard as ever. I took a prairie plow and put on it four yoke of oxen with a good driver, and to make sure work, I held the big plow myself (though in my 60th year.) We tore the ground up thoroughly, but when done it presented a most forbidding appearance for corn. I harrowed and rolled it, then cross plowed, harrowed and rolled again; by this time I had the ground completely pulverized. I then marked out and planted in drills 3 feet apart, on the 4th and 5th of June. I gave three light workings, principally with the harrow and cultivator. The corn grew well and covered the ground so closely that it was pleasantly called by some of my good neighbors old Loughry's hemp patch.

Remarks.—It will afford us pleasure if we can communicate any information that will have a tendency to improve the quality of Ohio butter, for certain we are there is much need of improvement. The writer of the foregoing appears to have the disposition, and we believe he has the skill and ability to make a milk house that will be something extra. We are inclined to believe, however, that the kind of house he proposes to make will not tully answer his expecta- But another revolution is taking place even tions. In our rambles among the farmers for a amongst the advocates for the cellar: it is no longnumber of years past, we have pryed into er thought necessary to dig the cellar very deep, the mysteries of quite a number of good or to arch it over with stone or brick, with an air dairy women's milk houses, and the result passage through it for ventilation-a vault, as it has been a conviction that the introduction is more properly then termed: it is found suffiof running or standing water into the milk house cient, if the cellar be sunk a few feet below the suris more injury than benefit. We are aware that face of the earth, with a wide and shallow winthis is contrary to the opinions of the majority of dow on each side, the bottom of it level with the housewives. They think a good spring house is ground outside; well protected with a wire guard almost indispensible for producing good butter in to keep out vermin, large flies, &c., and provided summer; and yet we have never found on the ta- with a close glazed sash, which can be opened bles of those who possess this much envied ad- and closed at pleasure, by lifting it up to the ceilvantage, as good butter as where a well construc-ing, which ought to be no higher than the top of ted cellar is used for the milk room. The reason the windows; so that the air of the cellar can be is, the dampness occasioned by the water, is more ventilated by opening the windows of the two injurious to the milk and butter than is compensa- opposite sides, according to the way the wind ted by the coolness it occasions. It is found that a sets at the time, shutting them quickly when dry, as well as cool, atmosphere is needed for this necessary; for in cold, windy, or damp weather, purpose; and it is better to dispense with some of the sooner the windows are again closed, the betthe coolness than all of the dryness. ter. Indeed, to the management of the cellar in Our advice to 'A SUBSCRIBER would therefore this particular, much of the success of dairying be, abandon entirely the idea of bringing water s to be attributed; cold and damp air being un- Curiosity led me to measure one acre to see the from a well, a cistern or an ice house, and con- friendly to the secretion of cream, and its proper result of my hard scuffle with the big plow. On struct a good dry cellar on your northern expo- and entire separation from the milk. Hence, the first day of October I had one acre running sure, with thick walls of brick or stone, to pre- therefore, it is a bad practice to set the pans on the whole length of the field, measured by a comserve an even temperature; a stone or cement the brick floor of the cellar; they ought always to petent surveyor, and cut up. On the 18th, I floor, well drained below; and windows on each be placed around on shelves, about three feet in husked out and measured the proceeds of the side to afford ventilation. Plaster the ceiling, height, and these, after being well washed with acre. The result was, one hundred and five bushand avoid as much as possible the use of wood in hot water, should be wiped quite dry, that no els of first rate corn, and a most extraordinary crop all the structure. It is needless to add that noth-mouldy evaporation might take place to spoil the of fodder. ing but milk and butter, and the vessels or imple- butter. The air near the floor of a dairy is always The ground is now clear of weeds and mellow ments used therewith, should be admitted into impure, being loaded with acid vapors and pu- as a garden. I intend to plant the same ground the milk room. Any article or substance that is li- trid exhalations, the density of which confines it in corn next spring, and as the land must now able to contract mould, or cause the least smell to the lowest part of the room; hence it is, that contain a good supply of vegetable matter, I inwill affect more or less injuriously the flavor of the doors of some dairies are made with lattice tend to subsoil plow early in the spring and to the milk and butter. Hence, too, the indispen- work, that the air near the floor, as well as that dress before planting with 100 bushels of lime to sible necessity of perfect CLEANLINESS-the great near the ceiling, might be ventilated at the same the acre, composting the lime with sand. From CARDINAL VIRTUE of all good dairy management. time; these lattices being furnished with sliding all that I can learn from the Ohio Cultivator, (The water that flows from an ice house in sum- panels, to be kept closed in bad weather. The Genesee Farmer, Leibig, Dana, Johnston and Fesmer, has always a musty smell, that would ruin milk cellar ought always to have a northern as- senden, I believe the liming will have a good ef the milk and butter in a dairy.) pect, and be well shaded by trees, not growing fect. [Try it and let us know the result.-ED. 0. too near the windows, so as to impede a dry cur- (ULT.] rent of air, or to create a moist atmosphere; this I think as intelligent dependent creatures on a consideration being of more importance than superintending Providence, we have great reason would readily be imagined.

We shall have more to say on this subject at some other time, and shall be happy to have our correspondents express their opinions, or give us the results of their experience in relation to it. In addition to what has been said, the following excellent article, from the (Philadelphia) Farmers' Cabinet, will suffice for the present:

THE MILK CELLAR.

"It is a curious fact, but by no means unaccountable, that in many parts of the country the milk cellar is superceding the spring house,-an appendage that has always been considered indispensable for the production of good butter, be the other qualifications of a farm and its appurtenances what they might. While on a visit to Wilmington, Delaware, I had occasion to remark the excellen e of the butter at my friend's table, when he replied, he always selected the best cellar butter at market, for the use of his family, giving it as his firm conviction, that butter made in a cellar, was far preferable to that made in a spring house, its great recommendation being, in keep

"Cellars thus constructed and carefully atten-
ded, will, no doubt, supercede the use of spring
houses generally, before many years have passed
away; by which the business of the dairy will be
rendered more agreeable, less laborious, and far
less inimical to the health of those, particularly
of females, whose occupation it is to attend to its
never ceasing duties."

A good crop of Corn and Fodder,
RAISED BY AN OLD FARMER IN SPITE OF DIFFICULTIES.
MR M. B. BATEHAM,

Dear Sir:-Last spring I had eight acres of
Ohio River bottom land that I intended to plant
in corn. The small amount of bottom land that
falls to my share lies between the quarry hills
and the river; and that part next to the hills is
too wet for corn. On the side of the field next

to be thankful that the gloom that hung over our country last spring has been removed, and that now our barns and corn cribs are filled with plenty.

With my best wishes, Mr Editor, for your suc cess, and the prosperity of the whole farming interest of Ohio, I remain most respectfully yours, &c., JOHN LOUGHŔY. Rockville, Scioto, Co., Nov. 1845.

STEAM CAR ON THE PRAIRIES.-Gen. Semple of Illinois has invented a steam locomotive which promises to be successful for traveling on the extensive level prairies at the west. It is said to have wheels four feet in breadth, and six feet in diameter, and is expected to travel from eight to twelve miles an hour on common roads where the inclination is but slight.

See English news, on last page.

To the Farmers.

SCIENCE PROMOTES OUR HIGHEST HAPPINESS.

With proper developments, the mind can never mon centre,-to reflect upon the origin of light, want an importunate crowd of themes for consid heat and air-the consolidation of the earth-the eration, every one of which affords the most plea- first appearance of plants, as fuci and ferns; of What is human happiness? This question has surable contemplation. Many of the best minds animals, as molusks and zoophytes, and to trace never been answered in the philosophy of man. that ever dignified humanity have experienced the progression until all things were perfected Its definitions are almost as numerous as its de- unceasing delight through life in pursuing but for the appearance of Man, can but fill the finers. Some place it in large possessions-some one department of the boundless field of science. mind with interest, astonishment and pleain knowledge-some in pleasure-some in ease, Giant intellects have expended the best part of sure. In these departments of nature, as well as and some in contentment. Wealth, as it is com- life in demonstrating a few truths which are now all others, we behold the wonderful designs of Him monly understood, is not a source of happiness, in the possession of every school-boy. As an in- who works by law and order,and sustains the Unibut is rather productive of misery. It corrupts stance of the pleasure of scientific pursuits, let verse. The blessings of science might be the the heart, debases the mind, and prostitutes our us refer to the philosopher who discovered simply common property of all mankind, and there is no whole being. Knowledge is a source of happiness, a method of determining the specific gravity of reason why they should not. and when perfected, secures the highest possible bodies while bathing, and so delighted was he 3. Science refines the tastes and susceptibilities, enjoyment. Pleasure as usually sought and in- that he ran from the bath-house into the public and thus increases our happiness. Behold the dulged, is the most fruitful cause of degradation streets crying eureka! eureka!! I have found person in love with natural scenes! How innoand woe. But there is a pure and innocent plea- it! I have found it!! Such is the experience of cent and enthusiastic his devotion! As he walks sure that is inseparable from our happiness, in which alone is man authorized to indulge. Indo- every individual who discovers a truth, or learns by the sea shore, over the lawn or through the lent ease is a false, and base as false, criterion of one already discovered. Science, then, would grove.how full is his spirit with the silent yet joyhappiness. Man was designed for action-bold give the mind abundant material for the more sub- ous breathings of nature! His is no fickle delight, stantial and delightful employment, and thus no foolish pleasure! He daily lives in sweet comand unremitting action. No one can expect real make all the frivolous sources of amusement re- munion, aspires to the good and advances toward pleasure expect in the fulfilment of his destiny. sorted to by the world in general, insipid and con- the perfect. To this we may add the refinements Others have told us that to be happy we must be temptible. contented. This is true with proper qualifications. of art, as painting, sculpture, poetry and music, 2. What are some of the branches or depart- which make up a variety, and form no inconsiderTo be contented with what we have accomplishments of scientific interest and amusement? Let able source of true happiness. But we cannot ed and what we posess is a condition of apathy us begin with ourselves and notice Anatomy and now pursue this agreeable enquiry further. Sufundesirable and pregnant with evil. The con- Physiology, which tell us how complicated and fice it to say, that many are our facilities, tastes, tented man folds his arms in inactivity, and laughs wonderful is the formation of our physical sys-emotions and susceptibilities, that in their develat everything good or bad that passes around him. tems, and something of the power and goodness opment consists our highest happiness, and that He either does not know his duty, which is to of Him who put us together. I appeal to all if all branches of knowledge are necessary to give wage unceasing warfare against all wrong in the it would not afford great pleasure to understand them tree, full and unlimited scope. When man world, or else he has so far silenced his moral mon- their own organization. This would add to our shall understand his destiny, for what exalted itor as to become unmanned, unmotived and unhappiness, not only in increasing our fund of purposes he lives, and wherein consists his true feeling. It is useless to say that his source of hap- thought, but also in enabling us by understand- interests and real happiness, his condition will be piness is small, and his enjoyment little. But he who is contented only in the active and punctual ills, and avoid them. To this let me add, Psy- made a mockery, and science a matter of dollars ing ourselves to know the causes of many of our vastly improved. Then education will not be discharge of his duty, and feels conscienceconsoled every evening for having contributed chology, or the science of the mind. By this we and cents. Then dishonesty and violence will something during the day for the good of the look into the mysterious constitution of the ethe- not pervade the land, for the only strife will not be The appeals rial spirit and behold its connection with the su- for the accumulation of wealth. world, is properly disposed for real happiness. Were we, however, to define happiness, we preme mind and its eternal destiny. This study of the good, the true and the beautiful will be should simply call it HARMONY,-harmony with affords ample employment and pleasure for an or- heard and obeyed. Man will make it his business ourselves, harmony with our fellows, and harmo- dinary life. Departing from our own persons let to bring out the spirit within him, and raise himny with our God. To be in harmony with ourAstronomy lifts our self to greatness and happiness. us go out into nature. I have now closed the series of communications selves we must be victorious over ourselves, and thoughts into the immensity of space, and shows continually subject and loyal to the divinity With what zeal have the Astronomers devoted truths intended by the writer, or if they have been us something of the extent of the universe. I proposed. If they have suitably enforced the within us. In prosperity and adversity-in joy themselves to the discovery and description of instrumental in arousing one mind to its great and sorrow-in peace and tumult-amid friends and enemies, we must be the same unflinching, devotion; and enjoy the same pleasure. Did man-closing, let me express the deepest desire of my the heavenly bodies! All might possess the same interests, I feel myself abundantly rewarded. In undaunted and undisturbed moral actor; not yield-kind properly appreciate this department of heart, that we may all act vigorously for the greating to discouragement, but always cheerful-not falling before the blast of passion, but erect, calm knowledge, there would be an observatory in est good of mankind, that in our declining years and unmoved. To be in harmony with our fel- every township constantly visited by all classes, we may enjoy the satisfaction of looking back uplows is to love all and be kind to all whether they and planets. Another branch we shall notice is anxious to enjoy a telescopic survey of the stars on a well spent life. reciprocate or despise our love and kindness.We must feel no hostility to any being that walks Botany, which acquaints us with all the vegetain human shape. To be in harmony with God tion that clothes the earth in spring-time and sumwe must preserve his spiritual image and contin- mer with beautiful verdure and blooming flowers ually aspire to the good and the perfect. An in- that perfume the breeze and fill the air with fraHow interesting and delightful these dividual thus disposed will never doubt his happigentle ministers to sense! How pleasant the flowness, nor feel it grow less or insipid. He is in a suitable frame of mind to reap the greatest ad-er as it opens its petals of gorgeous hues and delivantage from science and everything which improves and elevates. He will continually meet new sources of bliss, behold new joys shine out in his firmament, and feel new ecstacies sieze upon his susceptibilities.

grance.

Cincinnati, O.

L. A. HINE.

For the Ohio Cultivator.

Patriotism and Agriculture. THOUGHTS FOR THINKING MEN OF OHIO.

Every true patriot desires to do all the good he can. Reader! you are a friend of your country, cious odors! Who cannot be a worshipper of the a friend of the rights of man. You are a whig In this branch objects of Botanical science? or a democrat, or, perchance a liberty man. You might farmers and farmers' sons and daughters be are not a boistrous demagogue, raging for office, attention properly directed to this subject, the all you say, but you say not half you feel. You innocently and joyously engaged. Were their and all bedewed with crocodile tears. You feel In a former article we treated of science as an curious to analyze, at intervals, each specimen the treachery, the hypocricy of the past; you see plow-boy as he drives over the fallow would be are sedate and thoughtful; you know the tyranny, elevator of the human character. This is accom- that should grow in his pathway, and on return- the world but little different from what it has plished by affording us mental development, ing home exhibit to his little brothers and sisters been, and look forward with many forebodings of self-knowledge, and a foresight of our destiny. the treasures of his knowledge. Were this sub- fear for the few bright spots in the political horiElevation of character is essential to happiness which is its natural result. But to be more defi-ject also properly appreciated, there would be a zon of our own beloved country. You look fornite let us specify: Botanical garden of magnificent dimensions in ward to your children and your children's child1. Science gives us material for thought and every township, where specimens of all that bud ren, and in the agony of paternal regard, you reflection. Man being a compound animal-and bloom in all climes would be luxuriantly cul- exclaim, they may be serfs-they may be slaves! that is of the physical and mental-requires a would take the place of those which are frivolous it alone or chiefly by waging the war of politics? Thus enduring scientific amusements And how is this great evil to be prevented? Is double sphere of action. No difficulty has ever and evanescent. Though we have not space to If you are yourself intelligent, you must answer been experienced in giving the physical powers enough to do. There will never be a deficiency of specify a tenth part of the scientific sources of nay! it is by increasing the intelligence of the employment for our animality. The disideratum in happiness, we must not forget Geology, which people, and making them capable of appreciating human felicity is to give the mind a well balanced opens up the earth's crust to our view, and carry their rights. And how is this to be done? By us back to the origin of the globe and the pro- multiplying schools, acadamies and colleges! And power to act and an ample sufficiency to act upon. The most fruitful source of misery is found in bar-gressive development of the vegetable and animal who will put up the necessary buildings, furnish renness of thought and reflection. The mind kingdoms. To reflect that the planet we inhabit, the aparatus and books, and pay the teachers, and will be employed, and if it be not engaged in the together with the systems of suns and planets board and clothe the pupils! Here is the foundagood and the noble, it will be in the vile and de- that fill all space, were once but subtle nebula, tion of the whole matter. Intellectual knowledge basing. The world is running over with mate- which, in the course of ages, gradually tends to is absolutely necessary to the continuance of librial which science enables us to possess. It gives tions of its outer crust, which, themselves, took a centre, assumed a rotary motion, threw off por- erty, but without food and clothing life cannot be expansion to embrace immensity, and power to apsustained. Hence men have neglected their propriate to its use the illimitable riches of nature. a motion on their axes, and also around the com- minds to care for their bodies, and hence it is that

tivated.

they have become slaves. It is the necessities of mankind, the want of food and clothing that have enslaved them.

ment of our race, and as being at the very basis such a tax is imperiously demanded by the wool of this advance, let us promote and encourage growing interest of Ohio, but they differ as to the an improved agriculture! Can we in any way do amount or rate of tax and the disposition of the Any true system for the amelioration of the more good? He that has honestly labored and funds. Some think that an increased rate should condition of the human race must therefore con- toiled, whether in religion or politics, or abstract be imposed on the owner of more than one dogtemplate the easy multiplication of the necessa- science must answer no! Up then, and as a be- say 25 cts for the first, 50 cts for the 2d, &c. And ries of life. Unless our food and clothing can be ginning circulate the agricultural papers of your also that the money should be expended in the furnished with diminished labor, there can be lit-State, and consider what you can contribute of county or township where raised, in compensatle time or money to expend on education. He use to their columns. In looking around, you will ting the owners of sheep that are killed by dogs, who has toiled all day to obtain bread for his fam- observe that Mr. Bateham's zeal and industry de- where such compensation cannot be had of the ily, and is hourly looking for the sheriff or consta- serve praise, and you will lend a hand to circulate owners of the dogs. ble to rob him of the little he has, can bestow but the Ohio Cultivator, as one among the useful invery few of his thoughts on the proper govern- strumentalities. ment of his country, and will most likely give his ELI NICHOLS. influence in whatever way may seem most likely | Loydsville, to him to furnish him present bread.

In view of these facts I would address myself to the philanthropists of our country-to the patriots who really desire the welfare of the whole people: Can you do a better thing than promote the agriculture, horticulture and mechanic arts which afford the people the means of subsistance? I would speak to the minister in the pulpit, and the declaimer on the stand, and ask them how much good they expect to do while their hearers are hungry or their children are at home crying for bread? Nor should they forget the many, who, for the want of decent apparel come not to hear.

sense

The promotion of agriculture, horticulture and the mechanic arts is and should be among the sacred duties of religion. 'I was an hungered and ye gave me bread, naked and ye clothed me.' He then who gives bread and clothing is not only a patriot, but a worshiper of God. Nor should these passages be interpreted in that narrow which means the doling out of cold handed charity, the worst of all ways of giving bread and clothing. But they more properly apply to that promotion and diffusion of those arts of agriculture, horticulture and manufactures, which shall enable each individual to obtain an abundance in the most honorable way.

0.

Ohio Cultivator.

COLUMBUS, OHIO, NOVEMBER 15, 1845.

The Ohio Legislature will assemble on the first day of December. We hope as many of our subscribers as can do so, will remit their new subscriptions at that time, so that their names may stand near the head on our new books. See terms, &c., on first page.

the state.

state, we believe.

Notices of publications in our next. hints on conducting Farmers' Clubs.

Also,

If I am right in these views, the minister, the with some rain, though not much in this part of The weather since our last has been quite cool, lawyer, the statesman, the man of science and the gentleman of leisure, all are called upon by The roads are good, and fall business lively. The The past week has been fine and dry. the solemn commands of patriotism and of duty to God, to roll forward the wheels of improve-young wheat crop looks well in all parts of the ment, in those arts which may well be denominated the arts of life. Every partisan holds his doctrine to be true, and to him I would say, give us bread and clothing, and comfortable houses and lodgings, and we will then give the time and the Patriots and philanthropists should read attention absolutely necessary to understand the the communication of Eli Nichols, in this paper; great truths of your sect or party, but until then and every young man that of L. A. Hine. you cannot expect us to have the education or the leisure to comprehend and appreciate the important truths of which you speak; therefore, as you love God and your country, and especially as you desire our welfare, by the full understanding of your principles, tell us first, or at least at the same time, how we shall so multiply the necessa-- surplus is the word. ries of life, as shall give us that comfort and leisure

things, so necessary for us to know.

We didn't say so!-The Gallipolis Journal says, the editor of the Ohio Cultivator expresses the opinion that the foreign demand for grain and provisions will absorb all the supplies of this country.'

Put on your specs and look again, Mr Journal!

which have enabled you to understand so many the apple trees in Indiana, is not the 'canker The measuring worm' that has attacked worm of New England, as one of our correspondents supposes.

A bill in accordance with these views, was introduced in the Legislature last winter, and was objected to and defeated on the ground that it was too complicated, and particularly as it would place money in the hands of numerous county or town officers which would lead to endless complaints and difficulties. We believe there was some ground for this opinion, and that the law should be AS SIMPLE AS POSSIBLE-keeping in view the grand object, which is not to make additional provisions for indemnifying those who may have sheep killed by dogs, but to strike at the root of the evil and thin off the dogs. The sheep farmers of Ohio, who ask this law, are nowise particular about the details, they are quite willing these should be settled by the legislature, only let such a tax be imposed as will secure this great end.

More fine sheep killed.-Mr P. Buckingham of Putnam, informs us that he purchased, a few days since, a lot of very fine sheep just brought from Pennsylvania, by Mr Hauley, and almost the first night after getting them home, ten of the finest were killed by dogs, and as many more wounded so that most of them will probably die! The owners of the dogs were ascertained, but, as is commonly the case,they are persons of no responsibility; hence, as the law now stands, there is no means of redressing the injury or abating the evil.

Ohio State Board of Agriculture.

It will be remembered that an adjourned meeting of the Board will take place at Columbus, on Wednesday, the 10th day of December. As the Legislature will convene on the 1st, this will be in good season to consult with the committees and members of that body in relation to the pas

sage of a law, or laws, for the promotion of Agri

culture.

Let there be a full attendance, and the right spirit manifested by the friends of the cause throughout the state, and the best results may be expected.

THE ADDRESS of the State Board, which was intended for publication in this number of our paper, did not reach us in time, owing to some ham to Gov. Trimble and back. It will appear delay in transmitting the draft of it from Mr Lapin our next, and perhaps sooner in some of the other papers.

I would remove no minister from his pulpit, nor any lawyer from his bar, nor take the man of science from his laboratory or study, nor infringe on the rights of the man of leisure; but if I could, I CANAL TOLLS ON PLASTER.-A gentleman in Circulate the Petitions! would solemnly impress them, by the most impor-reading of our paper) calls our attention to the direction of the State Board of Agriculture, are Trumbull County (who, we believe, borrows the The blank petitions prepared by us, under the tant considerations of duty to God and their fellow citizens, of the propriety and necessity of aid-importance of securing a reduction of the canal now ready. Copies have been, or soon will be, ing and promoting those arts which lie at the ba- tolls on plaster, for the encouragement of its use sent to such individuals as we think of who will sis of all others, and without which misery and costs about $6 per ton at Cleveland, is sold as natures, and also to each POST MASTER where by farmers. He says that ground plaster, which be likely to interest themselves in obtaining sigwretchedness must necessarily ensue to all classes. any of our papers are taken, so that every subscriber has an opportunity to sign. Call and get the petition, sign and circulate it promptly, and send it to your Senator or Representative, at an early day of the session.

Among the prominent means of promoting agriculture and horticulture is the diffusion of agricultural knowledge, and this is to be accomplished chiefly by the circulation of agricultural papers. If I can move you by no other consideration let me tell you that your own fees, and stipends, and salaries depend upon the success of agriculture and horticulture. It is highly laudable that you should provide for yourselves and your families, but where nothing is, nothing can be had.Let us all then, farmers, artisans, honorables and esquires, go for promoting the fundamental arts so that where much is, much can be had! by the love of abundance for ourselves, by the inLet us spiration of patriotism, and by the solemn commands of God, march forward for the improve

high as $13 per ton, at Warren, in Trumbull co.
and adds, what is very true, that it ought not to
pay a higher duty than is levied on coal. We
will inquire into the particulars before long.

Some friend informed us last summer, that
plaster of the best quality from Michigan, would
$4 or $5 per ton in barrels. Will he or some one
shortly be furnished at the lake ports, at about
else let us know if this is now or will shortly be

done.

On Taxing Dogs.

We subjoin the forms of petitions, so that those who choose can write copies for signatures.

To the Honorable the Senate and House of Repreresentatives of the State of Ohio, in session: WE, the undersigned, farmers and citizens of We have received several letters during the the county of past three months in relation to the proposed tax ment of agriculture as an object of the highest imregarding the improvemade of the money thus raised, as contemplated means of increasing our prosperity as a STATE, co on dogs, in this state, and the disposition to be portance to the people of Ohio, and the surest in the resolution of the convention in June. The most respectfully and earnestly ask your honorwriters all agree in the main point, namely: that able body to pass a Law for the promotion of Ag

riculture, in accordance with the resolutions and LADIES' DEPARTMENT. ited and interesting address was delivered by the memorial of the State Agricultural Convention, president, Gen. Tallmadge, from which we make held in the city of Columbus in June last:-espeWe are very sorry to find our ladies de-a few brief extracts, which we think will be read cially to provide for a permanent State Board of with interest. Agriculture, and the encouragement of County our readers are already aware of our disqualifica- ter and object of the American Institute, and on partment' so poorly supplied in this number; but After remarking at some length on the characAgricultural Societies, with such rules for their tion for filling it, and we must necessarily depend the beneficial operation of the present tariff sysaid and government as shall render them most useful and efficient; and furthermore such other on contributions from the ladies themselves; es- tem, Gen. Tallmadge commenced speaking of the provisions calculated to advance the great farm-pecially so long as the profits of our paper are not remarkable specimens of mechanical skill and ing interests of the State as in your wisdom may of that ' assistant.'-ED sufficient to warrant us in engaging the services inventive talent that had been exhibited. He first spoke of Mr. Billings' new machine for breaking and dressing flax and hemp, as one that linen business. We can raise better flax here would completely revolutionize all the hemp and than any where else; and now, with this machine, we can in eight days do what formerly took six moths to accomplish, and do it much better. The rope made by it was superior to any foreign rope, and could be seen and tested with the machine at A. B. Taylor's, in Hague st., in this city.

be deemed best.

No. 2.

Butter in Indianopolis. To the Honorable the General Assembly of the We have heretofore supposed that the quality State of Ohio: Your memorialists, residents of the county of of the butter generally sold in the Columbus and believing that the great farming in- Cincinnati Markets was about as bad as it could be, terests of the State would be promoted by a law but the following description of Indianopolis but to protect wool growers from the immense losses ter, which we find in the Indiana Farmer and and injuries now constantly accruing from the Gardener has somewhat altered our opinion: destruction of sheep by dogs, do respectfully ask your honorable body to pass a law imposing a tax on dogs of such an amount as will tend to lessen their numbers and secure the object desired.

Fall and Winter Plowing, to destroy
Grubs and insects and improve heavy

Soils.

We wish at this particular time to remind farmers whose lands are infested with grub-worms and other injurious insects, of what was said in our paper of August 15th, and at several other times, in regard to the beneficial effects of fall and winter plowing as a means of destroying these pests. Many kinds of insects are now lying in a dormant state within six or eight inches of the surface, and if turned up by deep plowing, they have no power to descend again, but are destroyed by the frosts of winter. Of other kinds, also, the eggs are deposited a few inches beneath the surface, and may be destroyed in the same way. Gardens, too, where cut worms and the like abound, should by all means be spaded or plowed at this season, leaving the surface in furrows or ridges as loosely as possible. This will not only destroy a great portion of the insects, but will leave the ground in fine condition for early planting in the spring.

The effects of freezing and thawing on a soil the least enclined to clay are exceedingly beneficial, not only in rendering it more friable and easy of culture, but in changing the character of its elements so as to make the food of plants which it contains more soluble and available. Sandy soils are not benefitted in this way, and should not be plowed at this season, unless infested with grubs or worms.

SHEEP vs. DOGS.-It may seem almost incredible to some, but we have it from a source that can be relied on, that during te last five or six months, at least two hundred sheep have been killed by dogs, within the limits of Urbana township alone. This is a serious grievance, and one, too, that should be remedied, if it is within the power of the Legislature to do it. In the language of the petition which is now being circulated in this county, so far as this community is concerned, the question must now be settled, which branch of business must yield to the other'-the raising of sheep or of dogs.-Urbana Citizen and Gazette. Which is most for the interest of the Farmers of Ohio, to encourage the raising of sheep, or dogs?

Mr George Smith, of Munson, two miles distant, had in one night last week 36 sheep killed and wounded. Several were dead when found, others badly wounded were butchered, in all 23, and one has died since.-Geauga Rep.

BUTTER. The degrees of comparison in this market are-horrible, bad, tolerable. We seldom see any butter in the market which merits a high- This is, next to that wonderful invention, the er term. Vast quantities exposed for sale, and American Cotton Gin, the greatest improvement bought upon compulsion, and ate through dire that has befallen our western rivers and plains. necessity, would, In New York or Philadelphia, We produce in eight days, by this process, the flax never be quoted as butter, but only as grease.- ready to be spun into rope, or wove into cloth. He Sour, bitter cream, from dirty recepticles, yields also alluded to the new machine for spinning cotbutter depraved from the very churn; but lard ton; a new throstle frame, which is almost the being added, and buttermilk not substracted, it trav- wonder of the world; its velocity is much greater els to market in hot weather, and its charms are than any of the old machines, and by a different exposed in a very melting mood. Oh, for a ref- arrangement of the spindles, a superior accuracy, ormation in the dairy! While old farmers hunt quality, and speed are attained that surpass all good breeds of cows, we hope young farmers will find a breed of wives who shall know that there is such a virtue as cleanliness. Poverty is not disgraceful, but nastiness is.

not good. In warm weather it sticks, and in all
The practice of rolling butter in linen cloths is
weather butter takes a peculiar taste from the
cloth. Besides, though we believe in saving old
shirts, we don't like the economy of tearing them
up for butter rags. Poor as our butter is, there is
seldom a lump without a shirt to its back!

Song of the Rambler.

Oh! give me a home in the mountains wild,
That kiss the azure sky;

When the joyous hours of summer smiled,
Nor brought with them a sigh.

Oh give me a home in the self same cot,
Upon the lofty brow

Of that glorious hill, where we ne'er forgot
The humble knee to bow.

Oh give me the home where my childood passed,
Without a cloud of care;
Where the eagle soared, and his shadow passed
Like bounds of the fleetest hare.

Oh give me a home 'mid the dark green pines,
Which fronted our lowly door;
Where the circling vine of the ivy twines
As it creeps from our earthern floor.

Oh give me a home on that lofty height,

Which springs from the wavey lawn;
Where I tumbled rocks with crouching might,
And rose with the breaking dawn.

Oh give me a home that good old home
High up on that sunny mount,
Where the catacct dashed in sparkling foam,
Down, down from its glorious fount.
ANASTASIA.
Castle Rock, Western Virginia.
MECHANICS' DEPARTMENT.

credibiliiy. And this is the product of American genius. (He here exhibited a skein of thread.) This is one skein out of 300, and has 840 yards in it. One pound is spun into 800 hanks, and these will extend 150 miles.

made in cut glass in this country; whereas, a few He then alluded to the great improvements years since, and we had to import all our decanters and cut glass; now, Mr. Curtis of the Glass Works, Brooklyn, produces glass of fine color and better cut than any imported glass; and we have no cause to beg and pray for this article from foreign countries.

He spoke in warm terms of the increasing enterprise of the South-of her railroads of the 34 cotton factories in Georgia-of the same number in Tennessee, and of Charleston herself going into manufacturing. The advantage of manufactories may be seen by the fact that, in one school district in New Hampshire, ten years ago, there were but 125 persons, and that district now has 10,000 persons in it. Look at Lowell-a few aud $20,000,000 of capital; and what farmer years ago uninhabited-and it has 40,000 people, Now the farmer and mechanic understand their around there is not the richer for its prosperity? own good. You make grain, I'll make iron-you on harmoniously for our common, mutual happimake cloth, I'll make leather, and so we will go ness and prosperity. (Applause.)

After stating that there were now 360 cotton factories in the Southern States, he spoke of the Iron trade, and of the wealth that would flow into this country shortly from the developement of our immense resources in iron. A few years ago, and we had to import our ox-chains; but that time will never come again. We have untold wealth in our iron mines, and it only needs enterprise and proper legislation to develope it, and bring it to ports of consumption. We have the best artisans in the world to work up the iron, and a few years we will export into England. At present, 200,000,000 tons of iron are required for the use of the civilized world; and of this no less than 75,000,000 tons are produced by the United States! (Loud applause.)

We are happy to inform our friends that It would be bad, infamously bad, faith to the we have engaged a young artist, an ENGRAVER emigrant, after coaxing him all the way from ON WOOD, to be employed in our office. He will England to this country under a promise of higher wages, to make him, after he gets here, contend commence next month, and from that time we shall be able to enrich our mechanical depart-they do, for two or three shillings a day. (Apagainst the pauper labor of Europe, or work, as ment with illustrations.

Progress and Improvement in the Mechanic Arts.
Exhibition of the American Institute, New York.
-The annual Fair of the American Institute ap-
pears to have been unusually brilliant this sea-
son, and was visited by an immense number of
spectators. At the close of the Fair, a most spir-

plause.) Away with such a doctrine-it is not the doctrine of the American Institute.

Look at the beautiful stoves and ranges from Mott This institute has helped all branches of trade. and from Pierce. Look at the splendid ware from Squires-at the ingeniously contrived and handsome hats from Knox-at those superb and inimitably beautiful ladies' boots from Laboyteaux

―at that remarkable and valuable clock hanging there, made by Mills, of Fulton street, and will run a year without winding up-at this extraordinary bonnet which I here hold up, made by Mr. Sammis, of Delancy street, entirely of American raw silk, which will make a beautiful face look twice as beautiful as any other, (laughter and applause from the ladies)-and also at this other beautiful bonnet, (here he took up the Neapolitan hat,) which I can crush up, (he crushed it in his hands,) and lo, presto, it is good as ever again.(Great applause.) Formerly we imported all our gold and silver pens;-you see the very superb case in this Fair made by Bayley; well, no foreign ones ever equalled them, and we export large numbers. A few years ago and we had to send for all our teeth to Paris, (laughter;) now we make them all. (More laughter.) I mean artificial ones. The beautiful specimens made by Mr. Alcock, which took the gold medal, are made here to the number of 500,000 a year, and instead of paying $5 for a French tooth, as formerly, we can get one for five shillings! Applause.) a

Until very lately, it was the fashion to have French cutter in all onr tailoring establishments, and without this men did not consider themselves well dressed. Now Paris sends here for American cutters, and the beautiful specimen of scientific cutting exhibited here by Mr. Emmet Moore would make a badly shaped man look handsome. (Applause.) You saw the valuable invention of Mr. Ray, of this city, to prevent accidents on railroads, and now by this no car can run off the track, even if the switch be turned the wrong way. The new truss bridge of Mr. Hassard is better than any bridge yet built in Europe, and we are daily sending our artisans, iocomotives, ship-builders, and all sorts, to Europe, to instruct them in all the mechanic arts. (Great applause.

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had been so generally infringed upon as to render der the investment quite profitable to the stock-
his invention almost useless to him, so far as pe- holders. Let those who are most interested in
cuniary benefit was concerned. The jury after the speedy transmission of intelligence in all our
a patient hearing of the evidence, and the ad- towns and cities, think of this and govern them-
dresses of the able council engaged, returned a selves accordingly.
verdict for the plaintiff. The effect of this verdict Are the merchants and traders, the bankers
is to establish the patent of Wood to this useful and brokers, the editors and politicians of Cin-
invention, and thus put an end to the infringe- cinnati, Columbus, and other places in the heart
ment upon his rights. Counsel for the plaintiff, of this western world aware that before the peri-
W. H. Seward, Samuel Stevens and Z. A. Lelland, od arrives for another year's operations in pork
Esq'rs.; for the defendant, Daniel Wright, Esq.- and flour, they may all obtain the European news
Albany Ev. Journal.

The Electric Telegraph.

on the arrival of each steam ship, the instant it is received in Boston or New York? What chance will there then be for private expresses. We have mentioned that this most wonderful and unfair speculations in produce? Then, too, invention was exhibited in operation at the late how pleasant it will be for politicians to be able Fair at Utica, and it was our intention to have to receive and communicate intelligence with attempted a description of its construction and lightning speed from and to head quarters at mode of operation for the benefit of our unscien- Washington, and the capitals of all the important tific readers, but it would be very difficult for us states in the Union! In short, no one can begin to do this in a manner that could be understood to estimate or foresee what a mighty revolution by those entirely unacquainted with the laws of this invention will effect in all our business, sothat most subtle and mysterious agent called elec- cial and political movements, and we must leave tricity, in its various forms, as magnetism, gal- the subject for abler pens than ours to descant vanism and atmospheric electricity or lightning. upon. We shall, therefore, mainly content ourselves with stating what this contrivance will accomplish, rather than how it is done.

·

The Potatoe Rot.

The Editor of the Sandusky County Democrat says: We hear almost a general complaint among the farmers of this county, of the potatoe crop being affected with the rot. The crop has turned out better than any one expected three months ago; but since it has been gathered, and the existence of the disease known, doubts are expressed as to there being enough for home consumption for the year to come. Some attribute the rot to the drought; others, to a particular soil. We should like to have the opinion of the editor of the Cultivator, or any of our experienced farmers upon this subject."

Remarks. We are inclined to think that the

Most, if not all of our readers are aware that the electric fluid will pass through metalic rods or wires, with inconceivable velocity. Its speed is said to be at the rate of eighty thousand miles in a second of time! and it loses none of its force by distance; so that if a wire was extended round the entire world, a single shock, or charge from a galvanic battery or electric machine, would make the entire circuit in less than one second of time!! On this principle is based the Electro-magnetic Telegraph, of which so much has of late been said in the papers. With such lightning velocity, by As of coats, so of boots. No man was former- means of this invention, shall we soon, very ly well dressed without French boots. Here is soon, be enabled to hold communication with the rot which our Sandusky neighbor speaks of, is pair made by a mere apprentice of Mr. Jennings' most distant parts of this great Union! The ex- not of the same kind as that which has for the in Nausau street, that surpass, for beauty, for periment which has been tried for more than a past two years prevailed in some of the eastern skill, for the wonderful accuracy of the stitching, year past, between the cities of Baltimore and states, and is now exciting so much alarm in all the boots that ever were made in Paris or Lon- Washington has fully demonstrated its practica- most parts of Europe. This potatoe cholera, as don. And not only this, but Mr. Dick, of Nas- bility and usefulness; a line of copper wires as it is now often called, does not appear to have exsau street, has actually improved on the mechan- conductors of lightning messages are now almost tended its ravages in this country the past seaism of the human frame, and by his elastic shank completed from Baltimore to Philadelphia, thence son, but on the contrary has done less injury in under the foot makes it only half the trou- to New York, and from there to Boston. Anothmost parts than last year-though in portions of ble to walk a mile that it was formerly, So of the er line is partly completed, and to be done this Maine and Nova Scotia it has been worse than wonderful improvements in Daguerreotyping; a fall, from New York city to Buffalo, and another ever before, as is also the case in Europe. In few years since, and we knew no more about it is under way from Philadelphia to Harrisburg in the northeastern counties of this state, and in than the man in the moon; and now Messrs. Penn., and is to be extended on to Pittsburg. western Pennsylvania and New York, where Haas, Plumb, Antony & Edwards, Gavitt, Bra- This last line is undertaken by a company who there were some appearances of the disease last dy, &c., have far surpassed all French Daguerreo- have secured the patent right for extending it year, we hear of few complaints this season; hence types. Again, our ladies excel all others as me- through the western states to the great Lakes and there is reason to hope that it will, in a short chanics. (Applause.) There is a shirt sent by the Mississippi river, called the Atlantic and time, disappear entirely, or be confined to cooler Mr. Bennet, of Fulton and Henry streets, Brook- Mississippi Telegraph Company.' The manag- and warmer climates than ours. Much discuslyn, that contains 20,000 stitches, and, as a spe- aging agent of this company is our former fellow sion has been had in regard to the nature of this cimen of the most beautiful work, cannot be sur-townsman, Henry O'Reilly, Esq. In conversa- malady, its cause, remedies, &c., both in the papassed; and it is a proud proof of the taste, skill, tion with him at Rochester and Utica he inform- pers of this country and Europe, and much laboand industry of an American lady. (Applause.) ed us that this company was then just organized, rious research has been bestowed upon the subGen. T. went on at some length to speak of and stock had already been taken to construct ject by men of science; but, although many plauthe valuable tanning machine, Roussell's perfu- the telegraph to Harrisburg. And as soon as sible theories have been advanced, nothing posimery, Conroy's fishing tackle, the computing that portion was put under contract, subscriptions tive, or very conclusive, has as yet been made scale, the inlaid door knobs, the choice fruit and would be opened for additional stock to construct known respecting it. Another year's experience flowers, &c., &c., as proof of our superior pro- the line to Pittsburg. (We see by the Pittsburg will probably be necessary to decide upon the gress in these matters over Europe; and observed papers that most if not all of the stock has already merits of different theories and the remedies prothat this Institute can help the stove man, can been subscribed, and it is expected the work will posed. help the tin man, can help the hatter, can help be soon begun.) Then he will proceed to Wheelthe boot-maker, can help the pipe-layer, (much ing, and from thence to this city (Columbus,) and laughter,) can help the chair-maker, and, above onward to Cincinnati, &c., as fast as the people all, it can help the ladies. (Laughter.) We love are disposed to take stock sufficient to pay for the land that produces such beautiful goods-constructing the work; and from the readiness others love the sweer girls that made them.- with which the stock is subscribed for in other (Loud applause.) states, with the assurance there is of its being profitable, he felt no doubt but that the whole line to Cincinnati would be constructed within a year!

The mode of construction is, to extend the wires (which are made of copper, and coated with composition) from the tops of posts 300 to 400 bet apart and 20 to 30 feet high. The expense is only about $150 per mile.

PLOWS-IMPORTANT TRIAL AND DECISION.-The United States Circuit Court, now in session in this city, Judge Nelson presiding, has been engaged for the last three days in the trial of a very important patent case. Benjamin H. Wood, sued Antony for an infringement upon the patent which Jethro Wood had taken out for Wood's Plow,' an invention of his own. This article is We have not space nor time sufficient to give in general use throughout the United States, and the arguments that are used to show the uses and scientific writers have said that it has been a probable profits of this system of telegraphs; but more beneficial improvement than any other of the best judges of such matters to be found, have the present century, except the steam engine. expressed their full conviction that they will in We understand that the rights of the patentee short time become so extensively used as to ren

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Potatoes often rot, both before and after being dug, from other causes than this disease; such as being killed by frost before maturity, an excess of wet, &c. And when buried in a heap, they not unfrequently become heated and spoil, by being covered too deeply before the weather becomes cold.

The time for Cutting Timber. MR EDITOR-I am a reader of your paper, and have observed nothing in its columns as yet respecting the best time of cutting timber for dura bility, or to hasten its decomposition. This is a subject of interest to every inquiring farmer; for

it is well known that the same kinds of timber are more or less durable owing to the season of the year in which they were cut.

There appears to be a variety of opinions, however, among writers, as to the best time for cutting timber: It is stated in the Genesee Farmer, vol. 5, p. 41, that February is the best time to insure its