13,75 The Cincinnati Chronicle, (a moderate partizan Boston, May 7 Flour, 4,87 Mess Pork,14,00 paper) expresses the following wholesome senti- N. York, ment in speaking of the embarassed condition of Virginia and Pennsylvania, and contrasting those N. Orleans, States with New York and Massachusetts: "What is the matter with those old states?Both of them have frittered away half their energies on partizan politics. They have both of them neglected great interests to run after small things. Had Virgina statesmen employed the time they have devoted to making Presidents, in devising ways to get rid of their slaves, they would have accomplished that great object; they would have developed their resources; they would have let mind free, and it would have gone forth on the mountains to do its mighty miracles. So in Pennsylvania, had they established Common Schools in the beginning, and reared up a mass of intelligent people, the State would not only have accomplished the public works it has done, but accomplished them at far less expense and at far more profit.Pennsylvania is industrious and her people frugal; yet with all that, she has wanted that scientific economy and that far-seeing enterprise which adapts means to ends and makes all resources profitable. There must be the mind to direct as well as the labor to achieve. In time this will come forth; but it might have come forth much earlier. 66 9 66 4,75 Baltimore " 12 66 4,50 13,50 66 COLUMBUS PRODUCE MARKET. GARDEN SEEDS, FOR SALE AT THE OFFICE OF THE OHIO CULTIVATOR. (Next building south of the State House-up stairs) In making up the following assortment, the object has been to in clude all the kinds ordinarliy wanted for the garden, and also to introduce some new varieties, known to be superior to those in or. dinary use. Having been largely engaged in the business at the East for a number of years past, the subscriber trusts his experience will enable him to give full satisfaction to his customers, both as to the kind and the quality of the seeds he may sell (All the principal kinds are now on hand, but a few ordered from They will all be sold in small papers, at 6 cts. each; but when large quantities are wanted, many of the kinds can be had by weight, at reasonable prices. [MARKET DAYS TUESDAYS, THUSDAYS & SATURDAYS.] the East, have not yet arrived, though daily expected.) "We do not mean to say, by any means, that Pennsylvania has not a great number of intelli- Maple Sugar, b gent men; but only that the mass are not so thoroughly informed and so intellectually alive that the spirit of enterprise, improvement and progress can take that rapid flight and vigorous motion which it has in some other states." We copy the foregoing for the purpose of in viting our readers, the farmers of Ohio, to consider seriously and apply to their own use the important lesson it contains. Who that has any knowledge of the political history of this State for the past five or ten years, does not know that Ошo too, has "frittered away half her energies on partizan politics." And unless those who are not yoked to the car of party, will perceive the evil, and speedily resolve to exert their influence to check it, our condition as a State will soon be no better than that of Pennsylvania and Virginia. HON. H. L. ELLSWORTH We learn has resigned the office of Commissioner of patents, and the HON. EDMOND BURK, of N. H. has been appointed in his place. A son of Mr. Ellsworth, from Indiana, has been appointed Charge to Sweden and Norway. ENGLISH NEWS. By the steamer Hibernia we have English dates to 19th April. The following extract is all we discover having reference to agriculture: The American Provision Market has improved by the accounts which the Cambria brought home. Previously the market was firm, but they led to an advance in the rates. Prime brands of Beef have realised from 70s. to 75s., and the same descriptions of Pork 59s. to 60s. Cheese has advanced 2s. on previous quotations. The impression is general, that the present year will witness a greatly increased demand for American Cheese. In American Butter there has been less doing, owing to the heavy arrival of Dutch Butter and other causes. The Corn trade is inanimate, and although the season is backward, it is found favorable for seed sowing. There is an absence of all speculation, and the trade merely supplies their temporary wants. Wheat has sustained a decline of 2d. per bushel of 70 lbs., and Flour 18. per sack of 280 Its. In foreign Wheat, as well as Wheat under lock, there are few sales to report. The accounts from the Grain districts represent the appearance of the Winter Wheat to be as favorable as could be expected. THE MARKETS. CINCINNATI, May 13. Pork, no sales. Flour, City Mills, $3 75 @$3 80-Country, $3 62. Wheat, 75 cts.; Corn, 33; Oats, 28. CLEVELAND, May 9. Large sales of Flour were made at $4 00, and 400 bbls. Akron City Mills, at $4 374. Mess Pork at $12 00, and Prime at $8 50. NEW YORK, May 9. Ashes are in fair demand for shipment; Pots at $3 81 @ $3 87, and Pearls at $4 25. Flour, best Ohio and Genesee sells at $4 87 @ $5 00, and fancy brands at $5 25. There has been some revival of speculation in OLD Pork; sales of Mess at $12 62, and Prime at $9 56. New Pork is dull-is quoted at $10 37 and $13 37. PHILADELPHIA CATTLE MARKET, May 8. At market, 1000 head of Beef Cattle, 500 taken to New York; 280 Cows and Calves; 450 Swine, and 1200 Sheep. Prices Beeves in moderate request at $5 @ $64 for ordinary to prime the 100 b-about 50 head left unso'd. Cows and Caves were sold at $12 @ $25. Swine-Sales at $5 @ 854 the 100 b. Sheep-Prices range from $1@ $1 each, as in quality. HATCH'S SOWING MACHINE. THE inventor of this valuable machine intends visiting Columbus SWEET POTATO SETS. hundred, at the residence of the subscriber, five miles north CATALOGUE. ASPARAGUS-Large German. BEANS-Early China Red Eye; Early Yellow Six Weeks; Large BEET-Early Blood Turnep-Rooted; Early Bassano; Long Dark cattle BROCCOLI-Early Purple Cape. CAULIFLOWER-Fine Early. CABBAGE-Early York; Large Early York; Early Sugar Loaf; CARROT-Early Horn; Long Orange; Long Yellow; Large White. CUCUMBER-Early Frame; Early Short Green; Early Green EGG PLANT-Purple; White, ornamental. INDIAN CORN-Early Golden Sioux; Sweet, or Sugar. MUSK MELON-Large Yellow Canteloup; Skillman's Fine Net- ONION-Large Red; Yellow Dutch; White Portugal. PARSLEY-Double Curled. PARSNEP-Long Dutch. FLOWER SEEDS. The assortment embraces one hundred varieties, some of them quite new. The seeds were raised by a personal acquaintance, To Lawyers, Merchants, Mechanics, Farmers, AMERICAN GOVERMENTAL AGENCY, PERSONS in any part of the United States, who have busi A FEW thousand Sweet Potato Plants, for sale, at 25 cents per HAVING become over-stocked, clyderyself under the neces; Extensive acquaintance throughout the Union, consequent on con. nection with the newspaper press, with the Post Office and other public organizations, will greatly facilitate the prosecution of inquiries and transaction of business. Lawyers, Public Officers, Contractors, and others having business arising under contracts, or under the Pension or Patent Laws-MERCHANTS desiring remission of duties, &c.-MECHANICS or Inventors requiring patents-and FARMERS having business with the General Land Office-may find this agency conducive to their interest in the way of promptness and economy. Claims under treaties with the Indian nations or Foreign Governments, also attended to. Special attention will be paid to those who wish to buy or sell LANDS in Virginia and other Southern States; and inquirers, from the North or South, are respectfully referred to the Circular concern. ing "Agricultural Improvement in the Southern States," lately published in the Globe and other Journals, under the signiture of John S. Skinner (Assistant Postmaster General) and the undersigned. Satisfactory references given in any part of the United States, as there are few districts in which the subscriber is not personly ac quainted. Charges reasonable. It is sometimes the practice at sales of this kind, where the interest A full catalogue will be prepared and inserted in the May number Mt. Hope, near Albany, March 15, 1845. E. P. PRENTICE. Gentlemen from a distance, who wish to obtain stock at the above mentioned sa'e, and may find it inconvenient to attend in person, are informed that the subscriber will make purchases for those bids should be limited, and, if convenient, designate the animals they by whom he may be authorized. They can state the sum at which would prefer; or give such general instructions as they may deem proper, under the assurance that they will be strictly adhered to. SANFORD HOWARD, Cultivator Office, Albany, March 15, 1845. VOL. I. A Semi-Monthly Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture. THE OHIO CULTIVATOR, COLUMBUS, OHIO, JUNE 1, 1845. A SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF AGRiculture, hORTI- М. В. ВАТЕНАМ EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. Published on the 1st and 15th of each month. TERMS.-ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR, for single subscriptions, but when four or more copies are ordered together, the price is only 75 cents each, [or 4 copies for $3.] All payments to be made in advance; and all subscribers will be supplied with the back numbers from the commencement of the volume, so that they can be bound together at the end of year, when a complete INDEX will be furnished. POST MASTERS, and all friends of agriculture, are respectfully solicited to use their influence to obtain subscribers. LOOK HERE! BACK NUMBERS of this paper will be sent to all new subscribers, so as to make a complete volume with the index, for binding at the end of the year. PREMIUMS! A complete vol. of the Genesee Farmer for 1842, edited by HENRY COLMAN (now in Europe) will be sent gratis to every person who procures two new subscribers to this paper, at one dollar each, and forwards the pay in advance free of postage; or four subscribers at the club price, 75 cts. each. (The postage on the premium is only 12 cents within the State.) POSTMASTERS, it will be remembered will not be allowed to frank remittances after the present month (June), so all who intend to subscribe in that way should improve the time. Postmasters who owe us small balances will please send them during the month. FREE OF POSTAGE! The new postage law, which takes effect 1st July, allows newspapers to go free to subscribers within thirty miles of the place of publication. This will offer quite an inducement for persons within that distance to sub scribe. LETTERS CHEAP AND PLENTY!-After this month we expect to receive letters giving accounts of the crops, markets, &c., from nearly all parts of the country, for each number of the Cultivator. This information alone will be worth many times the cost of the paper to farmers and business men. Raising Pork – Inquiriy. Mr. J. Clark, of Mifflin township, wishes us to inquire of some practical farmers, whether they find from experience, it is any advantage to feed corn to hogs, while running in good clover pasture, during summer. Some of his neighbors practice it, but he does not, and he thinks his hogs thrive better without corn than with it. His opinion is, that a little corn each day, tends to prevent the hogs from eating sufficient clover to distend and enlarge their stomachs, as much as is necessary for causing the most rapid growth and laying on of fat, when corn feeding in the fall. What say you pork farmers? RAISING CLOVER SEED.-Daniel Brown, of Miami county, wishes some person to give instructions through the Cultivator, as to the proper time and manner of cutting and harvesting clover seed, and the mode of thrashing and cleaning. Agricultural Exhibition, In connection with the Ag. Convention, at Colum- NO. 11. which shall carry out the common conviction, that man's highest employment almost is, in delving the earth. All other professions have advanced rapidly. Within the last twenty years, the world has witnessed an advance in them, in all utilitarian respects, which has quadrupled wealth, comfort, and all facilities of trade and travel. That of agriculture has not kept place with this progress. Now it may do so, and what is more, it may do it in a way to advance the growth of society, as well as its wealth-to add to the happines and well-being of man, as well We are happy in being able to announce that as to put money in his pocket-for all that is rethere will be an interesting exhibition of farming quired, is, to let the farmer know how best to implements and machinery, together with some cultivate the earth, and to combine rightly a very choice cattle and other stock, at the time of right use of labor, and a proper cultivation of the Agricultural Convention at Columbus, on the head and heart. last week of this month. Among the important The first practical step to be taken in this matarticles expected to be present, are the following: ter, is to agitate this whole subject in the counMcCormick's Virginia Reaper-a very curious ties of the State. Each should have an agriculand effective machine, well worthy the atten- tural society, and each should be represented at tion of the farmers of the west-manufactured Columbus. If there be none, let an informal meeting be called in township, or county, and by A. C. Brown, Cincinnati. delegates be sent, and thus make a right beginning in the right way. A few spirited men can do this, and they ought TO DO IT. For what are we worth, if, when an opportunity is presented to secure a wide spread and permanent good, we neglect to improve it? Money spent in this way, is the best investment man can make. If it lighten the pocket, it enricheth the heart; improves the head; adds a wealth to the whole comall who may come within its influence. Let the munity, which will forever increase, and bless farmer think of this. For what are broad lands left to his boy, if with all these, he be wanting in integrity, manliness, and that noble, yet prudent generosity, which, while it takes care of its own, looks beyond self, and labors for the future as well as the present? Hatch's Broadcast Sowing Machine.-This is another article that can hardly fail to excite interest and admiration, and will no doubt come into very general use in a short time. Subsoil Plow, from Boston, Mass.; introduced by R. W. Steele, Esq., Dayton. This implement is destined, we believe, to effect great improvement in the farming of Ohio-especially on clay lands. be exhibited by the inventors or makers. Also, Cattle, &c.-For the gratification of those who EDITORS will please insert or notice the above in connection with the call for the convention. The State Agricultural Convention. A large portion of the newspaper presses have warmly seconded the call for the Convention, and urged their readers to immediate action upon the subject. The following from the Cincinnati Gazette, expresses the sentiments that should animate the breast of every true friend of Ohio: A convention of the friends of Agriculture in Ohio, is to be held at Columbus, June 25 and 26. The object of the convention is to discuss and consider: 1. The several agricultural propositions brought before the last Legislature. The second practical step is, not only to begin this work with correctness, but to pursue it with patience. We Americans are ever hasty in every thing. We want to see immediate results in all things. If we start a plan, if we commence any moral movement, or social effort this year, we grow faint-hearted-doubtful-if the fruits are not seen the next. This is all wrong. It is neither consonant with true wisdom nor the order of Providence. All true progress is slow.Often it takes generations to accomplish the good which has been began by the far sighted and faithful. We must learn patience-learn to labor and to wait. If no good is done this year, work harder the next, still if you see no fruit, delve away stronger-plow deeper-until the soil is stirred up-enriched-and the desired "yield" secured. Patience and faith like this never did and never can toil in vain. It has always been-it always will be-blessed. Now then, as the Cultivator says, is the time for action among the farmers of Ohio. Let them assem ble together in convention; let them greet each other as friends and brethren; let them begin by consultation, discussion and study to understand the true nature of their high calling, and the best means of upholding and advancing it. We hope the convention on the 25th and 26th may be well attended from all parts of the State. If it be not, we trust those who are there will act as if such were the case. Numbers do not. GOOD!-In the same letter, Mr. Brown says, add to the force of truth, or to the excellence of 2. The establishment of a permanent State any plan; these stand on their merits; if good "We go dead set against intemperance here. Board of Agriculture-the encouragement of truths, then, are wisely sown this year, if comThe judges of our court have resolved to grant no licences for retailing intoxicating drinks with-county societies-the Agricultural Survey of the mon sense plans are framed and judiciously in the bounds of the county." State, obtaining Agricultural Statistics, and urged-whether the conventfon be well attende protecting the interests of Agriculturists. or not, we shall very soon begin to see the fruit: of its labor, and to enjoy their benefits all over the State. To the work, then, farmers! and make yourselves felt now and hereafter in the permanent good you do for society. P-l-o-u-g-h, vs. P-l-o-w.-In a work on Hus- The subjects are important. The learned probandry, published 306 years ago, we find the lat-fessions are crowded; all business avocations are ter way of spelling this word, as common as the thronged. We need, therefore, greater attention former.-N. E. Farmer. to agriculture; the cultivation of that feeling (a) Section of diseased wheat straw, slightly magnified, showing stripes of rust, or fungi, and the bursting of the epidermis. (e) Sinall buuch of fungi, more magnified, showing their attachment to the crevice or slit in the straw. (b) The fungi, or rust plants, greatly magnified, full grown, with the seeds escaping from two of them. [Read the article again, on the first page of Ohio Cultivator, No. 3, Feb. 1, where the above cut is explained.-ED. Rust in Wheat. (Continued from last No. Cultivator, pg. 75.) We have received a second communication from duce rust." * * * * * Wheat and Rust in Greene County. crops, decidedly, than formerly; one field, clover ley, was summer fallowed; the most of it lies Mr. BATEHAM:-Wheat is the great marketable high, the ground was well prepared, sowed in staple of the farmers of Greene county, and we good time, with the bearded variety; it came up therefore, feel a deep interest in all that relates well, and presented a very promising appearance, to the Cultivation of that crop. With us, as in until within eight days of cutting time, when it other counties, the rust is the greatest source of was struck with rust; the growth of straw was disappointment and loss in the production of tremenduous; if well filled, it would have pro-wheat; previous to 1837 or '38, the wheat crop in duced from thirty-five to forty bushels per acre; this region did not suffer much injury from rust on but as it was, it yielded not more than one-fourth land that was well cultivated, and adapted to the of that amount, and of a very inferior quality. crop. The kind of wheat most cultivated at that That this soil should have been rendered deficient time, was the Red chaff bearded, but inasmuch, in some of its constituents, to a full develope- as it was very liable to lodge, several new vament of the grain, without any previous indica- rieties were introduced, which stood up better, tion of a similar kind, so as to produce rust, is but they were also, later in ripening and more contrary to any thing we could expect; the al- subject to the rust; still when well cultivated, on luvial soils of our river bottoms, that abound in high lands, they did very well, till the past two vegetable mould, and are deficient in lime, might years, which have been very unfavorable for the produce a luxurient growth of straw, and yet wheat crop, it having been greatly injured by but little grain under ordinary circumstances, the rust. but such deficiency would not necessarily pro- By the regular reading of your paper, I perceive that you are of the opinion that rust is proIn our remarks on former occasions, when duced by the exhaustion of the soil of those treating on this subject, we certainly never used proprieties that are essential to the formation of such a term as "ruined soils," nor have we ever good wheat. All the wheat growers with whom Mr. D. Yant, of Columbiania county, on the sub- denied that unfavorable, (wet and warm) weath- I have conversed, are of a different opinion. I ject of rust in wheat, in which he endeavors to er just before harvest time, has very great agency will give you a case, which I think is against show that this great cause of failure in the wheat in producing rust. We simply gave it as our you: Last year, I had a field of wheat, the Red crop of Ohio is not so much attributable to any opinion, without pretending that there was full chaff, bald variety, and half an acre in one cordeficiency in the soil or culture, as the unfavor-proof of its correctness, that the evil was more ner, was sown with the Carolina May wheat. ableness of the seasons. We think the facts and attributable to improper farming, and deficien- Both were the same kind of soil, and sown at arguments he adduces, are by no means sufficient cies in the soil, than to the weather, or agencies the same time. The May wheat ripened ten to establish his positions; and we could advance over which man has no control. This may be days earlier than the other, was free from rust, stronger ones on the opposite side, would our an erroneous opinion, but we shall be very great- and had a fine plump grain; while the Red chaff ly mistaken if discoveries are not made within was badly rusted, the lower and upper parts of space permit; but we prefer to wait till more careful observations on the present seasons' crop 2 or 3 years, that will convince every intelligent the field scarcely worth cutting, and the whole shall enable us to arrive at more definite conclu- farmer of its correctness. Without more partic-averaging only 15 bushels per acre, whereas, if sions on the subject. Mr. Yant's communica- ular knowledge of the circumstances than we it had not rusted, it would have yielded 25 or 30. tion is too long and prolix, for us to publish it can have at present, we do not pretend to be In this case I infer that the difficulty was not entire; but we give the substance of it, especial-which seem to lead to a different conclusion; but was mainly caused by too much rain, with able to account for instances like the foregoing, owing to the lack of proper matter in the soil, ly of the facts it contains:-ED. though to such as possess a knowledge of the warm sultry weather, when the crop was not "Upon my farm, there was one field of wheat, principles of agricultural chemistry, as explained in a state to endure its influence. All wheat of fifteen acres, put in by a tenant; the ground by Prof. Johnston and others, will not be at a was new-one-half had been in wheat once, the loss to see wherein the difficulty might have been. balance was new ground. It was fallowed in Mr. Yant then goes on to state, what all admit, good season; sowed with the White bearded, (a that wheat on comparatively poor and hilly lands, late variety,) harvested in good order, came up is less frequently injured by rust, than lands of a well, and promised a good crop, until about a richer quality; and that consequently, the lands week before it was fit to cut, when it was struck of the southern part of the State are more liable with rust, yielded 222 bushels of shrunk wheat, to injury of this kind, than at the north and by weight, being at the rate of fourteen bushels east. and 48 lbs. per acre; if well filled it would have with any well established principle in agricultuHe also, states that he is "not acquainted yielded 25 bu. per acre. I have raised from the ral chemistry, that would go to show that the same soil, first crop, same kind of wheat, six absence of any necessary ingredient in the soil, years since, what was estimated by good judges, for the full maturity of grain, would necessarily to have produced thirty-five bushels per acre. My farm is new, the land has all been cleared produce rust; but on the contrary, it is well essince 1836. The soil, I consider better now, stituents does produce rust." We are very glad tablished, that the excess of some particular conthan it was five years since, and that for good to find our friend willing to allow the principles reasons; whatever may have been the loss sus- of science to testify in the case, but we wish he tained by ruined soils, rust in this case could not had informed us where to find the "well estabbe attributed to that cause. Xenia, Greene co., O. ALEX'R. RUFF. lished" principle which he mentions; for we "I believe, however, that had the last named never before supposed that either a deficiency, or Remarks.-To the first portion of the foregofield been sowed with an earlier variety, that an excess of any necessary constituent of wheat, ing, we have not room, nor is it necessary to the yield would have been much better, and not straw or grain, would "necessarily produce rust." make any other reply at the present time, than is much injured by rust. My experience as here But we have supposed, and do still believe, that given in the article preceeding. The last parastated, goes to show that the crops grown upon a deficiency, (and perhaps also an excess,) of any graph is a specimen of a kind of reasoning that the strongest soils, sustained the most injury necessary ingredient in the soil will produce we not unfrequently receive. A few words from rust; for instance: my crop of 1843, that an unhealthy condition of the wheat plant, which must suffice to explain: In the first place, we grew upon the best soil, decidedly so, was in- together with a particular kind of weather, will never said (or thought) that "land may contain jured much the most, and in 1844, my second induce an attack of RUST, especially where the the matter to make good straw and not the field, sowed with Garden wheat, in part, and seeds of that disease already exist in great abun-matter to produce good wheat." We may have Square head, the last of which produced the danc in the air, the soil, and in the juices of the said, and we still say, that land may contain the heaviest wheat, clean of rust, was the oldest plant itself, as we have shown (in No. 3,) they matter for producing a large growth of straw field upon the farm; more wheat had been raised unquestionably do exist. and not for producing wheat-this, we think, no upon it, in quick succession, than any other field, Nothing short of numerous, well conducted sensible farmer will deny; but such straw will and the part in Garden wheat, was decidedly the experiments, and close observation, can possibly not "fill out," the grain when it is cut in a green strongest part of the field; it was considerably settle these disputed questions; and such experi- state-though "good straw" may do so.-ED. rusted, though much less than that put in by a ments and observations will, to a small extent, be made the present season, but we cannot exPlowing with Three Horses-A New Plow. "But as correct conclusions cannot, with cer-pect very much to be done, till something more Mr. Wm. Whiteley, of Springfield, informs us, tainty, be drawn from isolated instances, I will powerful and efficient than individual efforts is that he has a plan for hitching three horses notice other circumstances, that have come with- enlisted in this important work. Let us have abreast, for plowing, that entirely obviates the in my observation: I will take the oldest farm a well organized State Board of Agriculture, with difficulty complained of by Marion, in our last, in this section, and one from which as much means sufficient at their command, and we may and is at the same time, not complicated or exwheat has been raised, I presume, as any other reasonably hope for results and discoveries that pensive. Also, that he has constructed a new of equal extent, for the last twenty-eight years; will prove of immense advantage to agriculture. form of wrought iron plow, which he thinks is a the soil is a strong limestone clay, land rolling, valuable improvement. He intends to be pres generally high; this farm, for the last fifteen The Virginia State Ag. Society have re-ent, and exhibit the plow, with the mode of years, has been under the same kind of treat-solved to raise $20,000 for the improvement of hitching three horses, at the State Agricultural ment, and for the last ten, has yielded heavier Agriculture in that State. Convention at Columbus, June 25 and 26th. tenant. growers know that it ripens best in cool dry land may contain the matter to make good straw * * * * * * * * * Deep Plowing – Sub soil Plows. he trench-plowed 20 acres. The trenching con- ler stone to fill up the hollows. If these are not BUCYRUS, May 14, 1845. sists of one plow going before and taking a fur- to be had, any other may be advantageously used. MR. BATEHAM:-I am a reader of your excel- row of 6 inches in depth, and another following If too large, they may be split or broken, and set lent Ohio Cultivator, and it is very gratifying to in the same furrow, and taking 8 or 9 inches on the smallest point, to the thickness mentionsee the increasing interest which is abroad, on more, so that together, they reach a depth of 14 ed above. Flat thin stone may be cut to the the subject of agriculture. I own a farm on the 15 inches, which is accomplished in just width of six inches, and set nearly upright Sandusky Plains, near Bucyrus, Crawford coun- The trench plowing land requires no working in edge of another thin stone cut to the width of double the time required for common plowing. against one side of the ditch, to support the ty, Ohio, on which I purpose making some experiments. I have been doing something at spring, except harrowing or rolling before plant-eight or ten inches; the other edge to rest on the ditching on it, and purpose doing more. I thinking of the potatoes. Last year he planted 5 acres ground, forming nearly a triangle, leaving be we have failed here very much from want of land worked in the ordinary manner in spring, In each mode cover the stone with no more straw of potatoes on the trench-soil, and 6 acres on neath an open space for the water to drain off. deep plowing. I purpose, during this summer, the entire 12 acres being equally well manured, or leaves, than will be necessary to prevent the to break up my fallow ground with three horses, and though the trenched land was eight days dirt from falling, and filling up the interstices; and then, if I can obtain it, use a sub-soil plow, later in being planted, the potatoe stems were and then fill up the ditch, reserving the best soil to run in the furrows, with one horse. Now, my object in writing to you is to ascertain what as early above ground, were much stronger in to the last. A drain thus constructed, will last, kind of plows are most approved for that the stem, and yielded 14 bolls, of 4 cwt., each, I have no doubt, for ages. Care must be taken pose, and where they can be most conveniently yielded 62 bolls, and the other 41 bolls per acre drain, run off at an outlet. If stone cannot be per Scotch acre more. The trenched ground of course, to have the water that settles into the obtained. I would further ask whether you Scotch, and both were a good crop of good qual- had, use wood, either round poles, or split timcould not, through the columns of the Cultivator, ity.-Boston Cultivator. give a draft of one accompanied with such diber, the size of rails, covering with straw, and rections, that a common plough-maker could unfilling up, as mentioned above. derstand, and be governed by, in constructing one. wheat and clover. pur SUBSOIL PLOW IN VIRGINIA.-This valuable in in Olmstead, in Cuyahoga county, have reclaimDr. J. P. Kirtland informs me some Scotchmen, ed, and made fertile, land so wet before they took it in hand, that it was not considered of much value for cultivation. They laid brush at the bottom of their ditches, and filled up with the earth dug out. vention, we are glad to learn, is fast getting into favor with the farmers of this neighborhood. It Pardon this intrusion, Mr. Editor, as I am was doubted for a time, whether it could operate a young hand at farming, and am anxious to re-in a limestone soil, but one of our friends, who ceive information. I purpose turning my atten- has tried it on a rocky lot, speaks highly of its tion to the raising of sheep, and the growing of performance-its effect being not merely to loosen the clay, or subsoil to an extraordinary depth, Respectfully, &c., but at the same time, to turn up and throw out house, or a triangle, whose sides will elevate the Clay moulded to the shape of the ridge of a JOHN ANDERSON. all the rock which could not have been removed ridge from six to ten inches, is used to great adAnswer.—It always gives us pleasure to re- without the use of powder. ceive such letters as the foregoing, and to fur-sufficient to draw it, following as it ought, direct-tained. The pieces when formed are burnt like vantage, when neither stone nor wood can be ob nish the information desired, when it is in our ly in the track of a Barshare.-Valley Farmer, bricks or earthern ware. power to do so-especially when the subject is Winchester, Va. one of general interest; we hope, therefore, our friends will make no apologies for such "intru- Improvement of Flat (Clay) Lands by Draining husbandry, in stiff soils, and its invention is and Subsoil Plowing-the Ag. ConventionProtection of Sheep Husbandry. sions." Two horses are Friend Anderson is unquestionably right in regard to the advantages of deep plowing-we shall frequently allude to this hereafter, as we The venerable Mr. Johnson closes his comhave done before-but he seems to be laboring munication, published in the 10th No. of the under a very common mistake in regard to sub- Ohio Cultivator, with the following sentence: soil plowing-in supposing that it consists of "The county of Miami, must have lost, in the simply plowing to an extra depth, so as to bring failure of the wheat crop, last year, $40,000, and up a portion of the subsoil on to the surface.-in pork, as much more, for the want of corn to This has often been called subsoil plowing, and fatten for market; the flat lands of this region, a newly invented plow, for this purpose, at the produced very little corn last season." Flat West, is called a subsoil plow. But in Europe lands are found in every section of the State, exand the Eastern States, the term is only used to cept near to a part of our large streams. The signify the process of loosening and breaking loss of eighty thousand dollars, anticipated by up the "hard pan," or subsoil, below the reach of the laboring portion of one county, in the proan ordinary plow, without bringing the earth to ductions of one season, must be seriously felt, the surface. This process is found exceedingly in the derangement of plans to pay debts, to purbeneficial, especially to clay lands, and will, no chase land, to make new improvements, to erect doubt, prove of great advantage in most parts or repair buildings, and in the domestic expenof Ohio. The plow usually follows in the fur-ses, generally. Crops, on such lands, are not row of a common plow; and runs from 10 to only liable to be injured by too much water, but 16 inches in depth; so that it needs a very strong by not having a supply. If the season is exactly team, and to be strongly made. The construction of a good subsoil plow, is so different from that of the ordinary plow, that a mechanic would hardly succeed in making one from a cut or description; though we will endeavor before long to give an intelligible representation of one. In conversation with Mr. Robert W. Steele, of Dayton, a short time since, he informed us, that he had recently procured a good one from Boston. We shall endeavor to pursuade him to send it to Columbus, at the time of the Convention, that Mr. Anderson, and many others may have an opportunity of seeing it. We also hope that Mr. Steele will test the use of it thoroughly, on his farm, and in due time let The subsoil plow is a favorite implement of It is just the implement all want in many secamong the most useful in agriculture, of the age. tions of this State, to make a deep soil; thereby permitting the water to settle, so that the crop, whatever it may be, will not be drowned out, nor languish for the want of moisture in a drought. A subsoil plow has no moulboard.The wood work is similar to that of other plows A common plow turns over the soil-the subsoil plow immediately follows, and pulverizes the earth to the depth of from eight to fourteen inches-as the agriculturist chooses, without turnning over a furrow. A small wheel is placed in front to guage the depth. I have mentioned these subjects, with the hope they may engage the attention of the Convention, when assembled on the 25th and 26th of next month, We cannot abandon our flat lands, nor can we in all instances, abandon the plow for the dairy. And if it were otherwise, water standing on pasture, or meadow land, causes coarse sour grass to root out other grasses, more right, they are exceedingly fertile, which proves nutricious. The loss of eighty thousand dollars beyond controversy, that the soil is strong.- to a county, or one-half of that sum, is a sore Clay generally predominates, in what are desig- disappointment to those who have toiled indusnated flat lands, and the water, standing upon triously to earn it. In this matter, as in all oththe surface, drowns the grain, or it is thrown out ers connected with our individual wealth, the by the frost. A drought causes the surface to State is deeply concerned. We have a debt of become hard, and what moisture there is below nineteen millions of money, most of the interest is not brought up by heat, to nourish vegeta- on which, is to be paid annually, in taxes, by tion; therefore, in either extreme, crops on flat the agricultural part of community, who rely on lands, with a close soil, materially suffer. I have their crops, not only as the source from which no doubt, such lands, by proper preparation and they raise money to discharge these annual debts, culture, will be esteemed eventually, among the but for their subsistence. If the crop of wheat, most valuable in the State. Under draining, or or Indian corn, should be cut off, there are many, blind draining, should be immediately commen- in a large proportion of the State, who could not ced, and prosecuted, by every farmer who tills pay their taxes. flat clay lands, until the water has an opportuni- The breeding of sheep for sale, or for wool, as We doubt whether Mr. Anderson can find any ty to escape. The number of drains required an article of merchandise, is limited to a comparkind of plow that can be worked with advantage, for this purpose, will materially depend on the atively small territory; although farmers in every in a previous furrow, with one horse. A plow surface, and whether the land is liable to be section, keep a few for domestic use. This buof nearly the common form, with a long shank, surcharged by springs. The drains should be siness will increase, and I see no reason why or shin, and high mould board, can be used after sunk so deep, that the stone, or wood placed at the broken hills on the Ohio, Muskingum and another plow, with two or three horses, with the bottom, will not be disturbed by the plow. Hocking, should not be converted into sheep good effect, where the object is to bring up the If the subsoil plow is to be used, which I think pastures. In some sections of the State, it is soil from a greater depth than usual.-ED. to be indispensable, it should be, before the drain now an important interest. If the protection of is commenced, or a deeper trench will be requir- this useful animal, from the destruction of dogs, TRENCH PLOWING At a late meeting of the ed. It may be as narrow as the workmen can shall be brought before the Convention, as is proHighland Society, Scotland, Mr. Aitchison, of stand to throw out the dirt. If round stone, posed, I know it will be discussed without the Drunmore, read an account of experiments with generally designated paving-stone, are at hand, efforts at wit, which has uniformly been resorted trench-powing, made by Mr. John Proudfoot, they should be prefered. These are to be placed to, when the subject has been before the Legiswho has been in the practice, for several years compactly, from six to ten inches thick, leaving lature. us know the result. past, of trench-plowing a considerable quantity the top as nearly even as is practicable, by se- I have never been able to see why an investof land every year for green crops, and last year |lecting stone of the same size, or by adding smal- ment in sheep is not to be protected, with the same vigilence, as an investment in any live stock, or property, real or personal, nor why a representative, who ridicules the misfortune and loss of his constituent, whose sheep are killed by the worthless dog of a worthless loafer, high or low, should not be arraigned at the public bar, and receive the same condemnatory sentence, that would be passed on him, if his remarks related to any other kind of property. Farmers in the grain growing sections of the State are interested in sustaining stock raising of every kind, in other sections, where the soil is better adapted to grass, than grain. All should unite in the protection of the whole farming interest, and of every part of it. The importance of the Convention cannot be fully appreciated at this time, and pains should be taken to have every county represented, by at least, one delegate. A mass meeting is not expected, or desired. It should be a business Convention. The newspapers in each county should give the notice, and urge the appointment of delegates; and if unsuccessful, the Editors should come themselves. Friend Wilson might there gain such a stock of information in the art and mystery of raising potatoes, as to produee that valuable vegetable for less than one dollar per bushel." Respectfully yours, ELISHA WHITTLESEY. Columbus, May., 21, 1845. Hints on Gardening for June. moist land, quite rich, and be well hoed during Kill the weeds while young, without fail, in all (For remarks on Flower Garden see "Ladies' Department.") Ohio Cultivator. COLUMBUS, OHIO, JUNE 1, 1845. The Weather-Sad Prospects of Crops. Among the Farmers, We spent the past week in visiting some of our subscribers in Franklin and Licking counties, The country was so parched with drouhgt and the crops were suffering so much from the combined effects of frost and drouhgt that farmers were a good deal disheartened, and our enjoy. ment was thereby much diminished; still we de rived much pleasure as well as instruction from our visits, and gathered many items of knowledge that will be of service to our readers whenever we find opportunity to communicate them. But at present our pages are already full, and a number of communications are to be left over. We tender our thanks to those farmers of Licking on whom we had the pleasure of calling, for the cordial manner of our reception, we hope to visit more of them in a few weeks and will then speak of their fine county, and its farms and farmers as we think they deserve. In the mean time, we have promised to pay a visit to Hamilton and several other counties in the southwest corner of the State. Our friends on the Reserve may expect us inthe course of next month. TO CORRESPONDENTS.-We have several comwith three horses; one or two of them will have munications in answer to Marion, on plowhing omitted this time. Persons sending letters that a place. Some other matters are unavoidably in the absence of the editor, will please address can be attended to by the clerk or the printer, them simply to "Ohio Cultivator," and those to What! do you say you are discouraged, and the young corn and other tender plants, for the be kept for the editor, to "M. B. Bateham." will not try any more to have a good garden this year? And do you mean to leave those fine beds of ground where the frosts or drought have killed the crops to be overrun with weeds? Fie, man! never despair! These failures and disappointments are intended to try our metal, and see what kind of stuff we are made of; and if we are true men, we shall turn them to good account. Up then, you desponding ones! there is plenty of time yet, for those to succeed, who will deserve the success. Dig over the ground where former plantings have failed, as soon as dame Nature seems more propitious, and lose no time in putting in seeds or plants of all kinds that are desired! THE WOOL MARKET.-We have no more defin The drought which was mentioned in our paper of May 15th, was slightly relieved by a shower on the 22d, but that barely wet the surface of the ground, and was all evaporated in two days. It was followed by north wind and a severe frost the night of the 24th, which cut off third time this season. From that time, dry weather again prevailed till the 28th, when there was promise of rain, but only a slight spinkling ite information on this subject than is given in ed by cold wind, and a severe frost on the night fell in these parts. This, as before, was follow- our market reports on last page. The great sale of Cattle at Albany must of the 92th, which again cut off nearly all the not be forgotten-See advertisement. the farmer, especially, as the drought still precorn, and with it, almost destroyed the hopes of The Counties Moving. vails to a degree without a parallel, it is believed We are pleased to observe in the newspapers also, that the season has been little, if any, more gates to the Agricultural Convention, in quite a at this season of the year. We regret to learn, notices of public meetings for appointing delepropitious throughout the whole of the central number of the counties of this State, and several and northern portions of the State, though in a of them propose forming county societies. In few places, there have been more frequent show-Richland county, we learn by the Shield and Banner, a meeting is to be held for these purposes at Wiler's Tavern, in Mansfield, June 19th. We hear of but little action in the Reserve What is the matter ers. counties generally as yet. WOOD is President of the Society, and T. H. red dollars, in all. We have not seen the time and place of the exhibition specified. EBENEZER C. KINGSBERRY, Rec. Sec'y. Beets for winter use will be in good time, duThe prospects of the farmers in this region, are ring the first half of this month-the same with in travelling among them, and can truly say, we gloomy indeed. We have spent the past week carrots. Parsnips, salsify and onions, are less cer- never saw crops generally look so unpromising. tain, mainly from difficulty in getting the seeds The farmers of Ohio, however, are not the men to vegetate when sown late. Peas and beans of to give way to despondency. They have too all kinds, will yet do well, if the season is not much confidence in Providence and their fertile too hot and dry, though they will not be as pro- soil for that. They know too, that there is a ductive as when planted early. Cucumbers for long summer yet before them that will afforded the list of premiums to be awarded at the THE ASHTABULA Co. AG. SOCIETY have publisha main crop, are in excellent time now-and for time enough for producing crops of some kinds pickles may be planted as late as the first of in all probability sufficient, at least, to support schedule embraces farms and farm buildings, next annual exhibition of the society. The July; but the ground must be rich and not too their families and cattle. At least they show a season; and so will all kinds of squashes-though efforts, and let nothing be wanting on their part and manufactured articles, dairy productions, dry. Melons, also, will do well, if a favorable commendable determination to persevere in their farming tools, and machinery, farm crops, neat cattle, horses, sheep and wool, swine, domestic the latest kinds will of course, be the most un- to secure the result. Such men cannot wholly &c. The premiums amount to about two hund certain. These plants will all be less exposed to fail. the depredations of insects now, than if planted early, and will grow much more rapidly, if the some timely inforination respecting a number of In another column of this paper will be found weather proves at all favorable, and the ground articles of culture that may yet be put in the be frequently hoed. This last requisite is indie-ground with reasonable hopes of a crop; and pensable in this climate, especially in dry sea- others will doubtless suggest themselves to the sons. Raddish, lettuce and such like, may still minds of intelligent farmers. be sown as often as desired. If the ground is Crops in other States-The latest accounts partially shaded, it will be the better for them; represent the wheat crop in Indiana as being and also, if kept moist by watering in dry weath- injured by frost and drought, so that a very light er. Indian corn and potatoes, every body knows, yield is expected. In Michigan and Illinois it is it is not too late to plant on good ground, till the said to be more promising. In Virginia and middle of June. Turnips may be sown after Maryland, it also promises a good crop-and the other things have failed, or where early crops same we believe is true of Penn. and New York, have come off-say from this time till the first of though our accounts from that way are not very August. They require land that is somewhat sandy, rich, and not too dry. Seeds of choice varieties can be had at the office of the Cultiva- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.-Messrs. Neil, Moore & Co., tor, or at the seeds stores in Cincinnati and have kindly granted us the free use of their staCleveland. That which is imported is found to ges for the purpose of our agricultural visitations produce better than that raised in this country. to and from the different parts of the State. That Now is also a good time to set out plants of is certainly handsome-we wish it was in our a good crop, which they worked into brooms and sweet potatoe, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, to- power to spend more of our time in using the broom brushes at their manufactory here. They mato, pepper, egg-plant, okra, celery, &c. Most privelege thus afforded us; but our country friends gave constant employment to ten or twelve hands, of these can be purchased at small cost, in towns must increase our subscription list more be- and in the course of last season made 50,000 and neighborhoods, where there are market gar- fore we can employ such assistance as will al- brooms, and 4000 brushes. This year they dens, by those who have failed in growing plants low us to spend much of our time away from have contracted for the planting of four hundred themselves. The cabbage tribe must have rather home. definite. The Columbus Horticultural Society will hold their first regular meeting on Saturday Evening, June 7th, at the old Court House. The Broom Trade in Ohio. head, in the Cultivator of May 1, we find the "Last year, L. & S. Temple, of this place, commenced, in a small way, for the purpose of testing the feasibility of the enterprise, the manufacture of corn brooms. They obtained the planting of a little more than 100 acres of broom corn, and as the season was favorable, obtained acres of broom corn. |