to farmer, until the whole State would be in one common blaze of agricultural prosperity, giving plenty and comfort to ourselves, and beaming up a glorious light among the sisters of the republic. On the matter of expense, I would just say: considering the farmers have the members of the bar, the medical profession, the ministry, and the officers of the State, and general government to provide for and sustain, and considering these contribute little, directly or indirectly, to actual production, it would seem reasonable that one man can be sustained, whose direct object and business, shall be to increase the wherewith, to meet our taxes, our doctor bills, our attorneys fees, and the wants of those who have the care of our spiritual welfare, and that leaner portion left for ourselves. Yours, E. NICHOLS. Cultivators should recollect the danger is not over when the trees put out in leaf, and especially if they have been removed in the spring, late. Frequent plowings and hoeings, is the best means of securing their growth and prosperity. E. NICHOLS. this impression, concluded the subject might not covered in order to succeed. All that is neces ed, and in great distress. I procured the help of a neighbor, and tried to bleed him, but could raise no vein. I then sent for this gentleman, who arrived at 7 o'clock in the evening; the creature worse, and very little hopes of his living. Wilmington, Clinton co.. O., May 1, 1845. Two men were directed to commence rubbing Remarks.-The people of Columbus, and many him briskly, with wisps of straw, one on each other places, can sympathize with those of Wil-side; this was continued 20 minutes, we then mington, in respect to the above named source succeeded in raising a vein, and drew 4 quarts of disappoinment. Hundreds of young pine trees of blood, which was all we could get; then gave were sold here, the past spring, and planted in a table spoonful of saltpetre, (a heavy dose,) and this vicinity, as has repeatedly been done before, in half an hour, followed it with half a pint of and not one in a hundred of them will survive strong (soft) soap, mixed with a pint of new the first summer. There is no impossibility in milk. The creature soon appeared easier; in the the way of success, however, for we occasional-morning he eat well, and had no further trouble. ly see instances where these beautiful trees have This gentleman informed me that he never failbeen transplanted with entire success, and are ed in curing Murrian, if the animal was not so now the admiration of all beholders. Such may far gone, as to prevent drawing blood, that to be Treatment of Transplanted Trees. be seen on the grounds of Alfred Kelley, Esq., followed with a strong purgative. I had intended to speak of the transplantation and a few others in this region. Nor is there Respectfully, &c., Oberlin, Lorain co. O. D. B. KINNEY. of fruit trees, but it is now out of season, and I any secret, or wonderful art, which must be diswill only give a few hints as to those already set CLEAN CULTURE. In a dry time, we frequentout. If you water them, take off two inches of sary, is a slight knowledge of the laws of vege-ly hear farmers say 'It will not do to work my the surface, make the ground loose, deep around tation, and of the nature and habits of the tree. corn or potatoes, they need all the weeds to keep the entire roots, pour on not less than one gallon shrubs, have sap of a resinous character, and do take the grass and weeds make ground dry fasThe pines, and most other evergreen trees and the ground from drying. Now, this is all a misof water, wetting as far as possible the stem and not recover from injury, or form new roots after ter and deeper. But it is alledged that corn has branches, and when the water is absorbed replace the two inches of removed earth, which removal, so readily as common deciduous trees; been injured by plowing or working when the and as evaporation from the leaves is constantly weather was very dry. We admit that this effect will prevent the wet portion from drying and baking. Partially wetting the ground causes the in ordinary cases of removal, from the loss of its ces. That is to say, if corn gets too large before it going on, the tree becomes exhausted and dies, may have followed under particular circumstansurface to bake as deep as wet, say from one to two inches, and forms a crust, which excludes numerous rootless, or mouths, which are severed is worked, injury may be done. The reason is, in taking up. It is utterly in vain, therefore, to that the roots have become extended, and they air, heat and dews, and does decidedly more harm than good. The wettings should be copious expect pine trees to grow after being taken up plow off so large a portion of them, that the reand not frequent. But, in my judgment, water-in for sale. The right way is, for those who ers. This is the way the fired' corn, sometimes in the manner that those are, which are brought mainder cannot supply the stalk, and soon withing is very seldom necessary. All that is needed want trees, to go themselves, or send good men spoken of at the south and west, is generally is to pulverize the soil deep, and keep it well with teams for them; and selecting those of a produced. But it is only when the roots of corn stirred-say once a week. ble, dig them up with a large ball of earth, so as the operation that any such consequence follows. moderate size, where they stand singly as possi- have become widely extended, and mutilated in not to break or desturb the small roots, and set If the crop is worked, as it ought to be while it them into tubs or boxes, (old barrels, sawed in is small, no fears of injury need be entertained.— two, are very suitable,) filling the sides with fine earth, and giving plenty of water. In these, Albany Cultivator. holes properly prepared, take them out of the trees have been found at a depth of ten and DEPTH of ROOTS.-In light subsoils, the roots of take them to the place for planting, and with tubs or boxes, (or break these to pieces) so as not twelve feet. Roots of the Canada thistle have Transplanting Pine Trees. to disturb the ball of earth in planting. been traced 6 or 7 feet below the surface. Wheat, The planting of ornamental trees and shrubPine trees removed in this way, will seldom in a rich, mellow soil, will strike roots three feet bery has engaged the attention of persons of taste fail to grow-other circumstances being ordina- downwards, and much further horizontally. for the adornment of their residences, and will rily favorable. It is true, this method requires The roots of oats have been discovered 18 inches be more attended to as the country improves, by considerable labor, but it is the only successful from the stem, and the long thread-like roots of the lovers of natural scenery. But it is not our method, and the reward is richly worth its cost. grass, still further. The fine roots of the onion, purpose to enter into an essay on this subject, It should here be observed that a clay soil is being white, and easily trace in black soil, have but to inquire through the Cultivator, the proper unsuituable for pine trees. They delight in been followed two feet deep. The importance means to cause the growth of the pine; we refer sandy and gravelly loam. If wanted on soil of a mellow soil for these fine roots to penetrate, to the 'yellow pitch pine,' in soils where they do with a clay bottom, the holes should not be dug is obvious.-English paper. not grow spontaneously. There appears to be a into the clay, but the surface raised by carting constant failure in having this tree to grow-at on sandy earth, around them. In this way, they least, such has been the case in this neighbor-will succeed in any locality that is not extremehood, so far as has come under our observation. !y wet or dry-though much exposure to wind, The soil here, is generally of a fertile character, is also injurious to them.-ED. the lands are level, and such as were covered originally with spice, papaw, ash, hickory, sugar, beech, maple and oak. The chestnut and cedar In our rambles among the farmers, this sumgrow when transplanted here, and so, also, other mer, we have heard of several instances of cat-sessions. He makes them capable of yielding trees, as far removed in their spontaneous pro- tle dying from what is supposed to be the Murduction as the pine-some of them further.-rian. We know but little, personally, of this disPines grow naturally, within, perhaps, 40 miles ease, though much has been published in books of where we write, and would doubtless, be con- and periodicals, respecting it. The following from sidered there of not sufficient value to be worth a correspondent, may prove serviceable.-ED. the trouble of setting out-but here a yellow pine tree, growing, would be an ornament as well as a curiosity, and considerable has been expended from time to time, by many persons, in purchasing the young trees, as they have been brought along, but they have not succeeded in raising them, none scarcely ever surviving over a few weeks, when their foliage turns yellow, and they die without apparently receiving any nutriment from the soil. We bought a few of the young Second, when the disease has become seated, trees about the first of last month, to make the it is generally thought to be incurable, but I beexperiment, thinking that we might perchance, lieve this is a mistake. I am acquainted with a adopt some method to procure their growth. The gentleman, who says he has cured many animals season was favorable, except being dry, which affected with this disease, and has not failed in was supplied by watering, and they received all any instance, where he had a fair chance. the attention we could bestow, but to no purpose. To show his mode of proceedure, I will menWe concluded there was something uncommon tion a case of my own: I had a fine young ox, in the nature of the plant in adapting it to this that I observed to be sick in the morning, but of charcoal, or a complete envelope of it, is a soil, known perhaps to those more skilled in ag- being called away, I did not see him again till very good method to preserve fresh meat.-Amerricultural chemistry than ourselves; and with towards evening, when I found him much bloat-ican Agriculturist. Wheat here is little injured-corn all cut down by frost, but it is rising again. E. N. Murrian in Cattle. MURRIAN. This disease has been a serious injury to the farmers of this State, especially in its early settlement; and in some parts, it prevails to a considerable extent, at the present time. A suggestion or two on the subject, may be of advantage to some of the readers of the Cultivator. First, to prevent the disease, a liberal use of ashes with salt, has, in the opinion of many, been found very beneficial. SUBSOIL PLOWING.-By the aid of the subsoil plow, crops which formerly were condemned to draw their sustenance from six or nine inches of soil can, now descend 18 to 20 inches. A double store of food is thus unlocked; and he who opens, and, by draining, renders wholesome the surface of his fields to a double depth, does, in reality, add in effect to the available extent of his poshim larger returns, and for a longer period of years, without the the risk of exhaustion.-Edinburg Review. PRESERVING FRESH MEAT.-We gave a very good article on this subject in our last, and now add another. But first, animals should be properly butchered, or it is of no use to attempt to keep the meat. They must fast at least one day in the winter, and double that time in the summer, before being killed; for when not tolerbly clear of food the flesh will almost immediately spoil in hot weather. As soon as the meat comes into the house, let it be carefully examined and wiped, and if it has been blown by flies, that part must be cut off and thrown away. It should then be kept covered with a cloth, first scattering a mixture of salt with pepper, or gin ger, or mustard, or any spices over it inimical to the fly. Now put it into the ice-house, the well, in the cellar, or a wire sieve, hung up in as cool, dry and windy a place as can be found. Pieces 1 HATCH'S SOWING MACHINE. The inventor of this machine gave an exhibition of its performance in Cincinnati, on the afternoon of Wednesday, June 4. It was tried with wheat, oats, and grass seed, successively, which it sowed over the market place and main street with such speed and perfect regularity, as surprised and delighted the numerous spectators who were assembled to witness its performance. A committee from the Hamilton co. Agricultural Society were present, and have made a very favorable report, which will soon be published. The machine in its present improved form, seems absolutely perfect, and must speedily come into general use in grain growing regions. It will be exhibited at the convention in this city on the 25th inst., and it is hoped that some enterprising mechanic will procure the right and manufacture some for this portion of the state, in time for next wheat sowing. Persons wishing to obtain rights for any part of Ohio, or adjoining western and southern states, can apply, by letter or otherwise, to M. B. BATEHAM, Columbus, or WM. H. H. TAYLOR. Cincinnati. "PROFITABLE SHEEP.-Mr. Joseph Gregory, of New Lisbon, Columbiana conty, has sold in one year from a flock of full bred merino sheep 45 in number, wool and sheep to the amount of $342,60, besides increasing his flock ten per cent.Farmer boys, what do you think of that?" We caught the above paragraph in a stray paper on our desk. If there is no mistake in the figures, Mr. Gregory's are, indeed, "profitable sheep," and we should feel much obliged if he would send us more particular information concerning them.-Ed. O. Cul. BE KIND TO THE BIRDS.-It has been ascertained that a pair of little sparrows, with young to maintain, will destroy 3,360 caterpillars per week. We have no doubt that the birds of every country town destroy tons of insects, which, if left to grow to maturity, would devour all our grain, roots, and grass crops, and ultimately make a famine in the land. Consider, then, that birds are among your best friends, and that they should be cherished and protected, instead of stoned, shot at, and tormented in various ways. -American Agriculturist. SHORT ALVERTISEMENTS, suited to the agricultural character of this paper, will be inserted at the rate of six cents per line for the first insertion, and three cents for the second. THE MARKETS. ENGLISH NEWs is to May 20. Of the American provision trade, the report is as follows: Since the 4th inst., imports very trifling. Demand steady. Stocks considerably reduced. Sales beef and pork to a fair extent, with a tendency to advance, particularly in former, which is 1s to 2s dearer. In latter rates more stationary. No arrivals of cheese, save by Great Western, now just stored. Quantity in this market small compass, and nothing but the near approach of hot weather prevents our realizing much higher rates. Still we have an excellent demand, at a farther advance of 2s per cwt, with a certainty that the present supply will be well cleared off at full prices. Butter has proved a very dangerous article. Lard nearly cleared off. The high price in the U. S. has almost prevented any shipments, and the reduction of the duty has simply put so inuch extra profit into the pockets of the American shippers. CINCINNATI, June 14.-The past week has been very dull, owing to the low state of the river, and the stoppage of the Miami canal. Sales of provisions quite limited; prices nominal, mess pork $12, prime $10, Hanis, country, 6 @7; city, sugar cured, 8@ 9; Lard 7@ 8; butter, for packing, 8 @ 81; in rolls, retail, 12 @ 16. Cheese in boxes, for export, sales large, aud demand fair, at 54 @6. Flour, throughout the central parts of the State, was quite unreasonable in Latest Dates and Prices. EXTENSIVE SALE OF IMPROVED SHORT It is sometimes the practice at sales of this kind, where the interest Boston, June 9 Flour, 4,87 Mess Pork, 13,50 the company from either of the causes mentioned, and a good degree 66 64 ،، 4,75 66 66 N. Orleans, 2 bidders, or some other kind of management, or for the owner to stop involved is considerable, for the proprietor to protect himself by buy the sale, if offers do not come up to his expectations, or the require ments of his interest. Such practices have a tendency to lessen the interest in public sales of this character, especially with those who cannot attend without considerable personal inconvenience. But in this case assurances are given that no disappointment shall arise to of confidence is felt that there will be no dissatisfaction from the char 13,25 acter of the cattle themselves. They shall all be submitted to the 13,00 company, and so'd at such prices as they choose to give, without any 13,00 | covert machinery, effort, or understanding with any persons; reserv. ing to myse'f only the privilege of bidding openly on three or four anima's, which shall first be designated. This reservation is made that I may not get entirely out of the stock of some particular families which I highly esteem, and that could not probably be replaced. A full catalogue will be prepared and inserted in the May number of the Cultivator. COLUMBUS PRODUCE MARKET. The sale will take place at Mount Hope, one mile south of the city Mt. Hope, near Albany, March 15, 1845. Gentlemen from a distance, who wish to obtain stock at the above mentioned sale, and may find it inconvenient to attend in per son, are informed that the subscriber will make purchases for those by whom he may be authorized. They can state the sum at which bids should be limited, and, if convenient, designate the animals they would prefer; or give such general instructions as they may deem proper, under the assurance that they will be strictly adhered to. SANFORD HOWARD, Cultivator Office, Albany, March 15, 1845. VOL. I. A Semi-Monthly Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture. THE OHIO CULTIVATOR, A SEMI-MONTHLY JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE, HORTI- М. В. ВАТЕНАМ, EDITOR AND PROPRIETOR. Published on the 1st and 15th of each month. TERMS. ONE DOLLAR PER YEAR, for single subscriptions, but when four or more copies are ordered together, the price is only 75 cents each, [or 4 copies for $3.] All payments to be made in advance; and all subscribers will be supplied with the back numbers from the commencement of the volume, so that they can be bound together at the end of year, when a complete INDEX will be furnished POST MASTERS, and all friends of agriculture, are respectfully solicited to use their influence to obtain subscribers. them.-ED. COLUMBUS, OHIO, JULY 1, 1845. PROCEEDINGS OF THE STATE AGRICULTURAL CONVENTION. President, Ex Gov. ALLEN TRIMBLE, of Highland. Gen J. T. WORTHINGTON, of Madison, ALEXANDER WADDLE, of Clark, NO. 13. number more were in attendance the next morning, but Proper pains were not taken to obtain a perfect list of the delegates.) MR. BATEHAM, from the committee on resolutions, stated that the committee had performed, in part, the duty assigned them; but before making a report, he wished to inform the convention that letters had been received by him from a number of individuals whom it was hoped would have been present on this occasion, expressing regrets that they were prevented from meeting with us, and manifesting a lively interest in the cause for which we are assembled. Among them are, Hon. E Whittlesey, Wm. Wetmore, B. Summers, Wm. L. Perkins, Hon. David Chambers, John M. Gallagher, Ei Nichols, S. Rosa, delegate of Lake co. Ag. Soc.; J. W. Caldwell, President, and W. H. H. Taylor, Cor Sec. Hamilton co. Ag. Soc.; and Darius Lapham. Mr. Bateham said he should have been glad to have read several or all of these letters to the convention, but it would occupy quite too much time; he would, therefore only ask leave to read one, namely, that of Darius Lapham, who was well known, by name at least, to most of those present, as an ardent friend of, and talented laborer in the cause of agriculture. He then read Mr. Lapham's letter, which will be found in another part of this paper. Mr. BATEHAM then read, as the report of the committee, the first six resolutions as numbered in the following abstract of proceedings. Gov. M. BARTLEY, who was detained from acting with the committee,) then moved that the On taking the chair, the president expressed a high sense of the honor thus conferred upon him; said he anticipated a phasant task in presiding over the deliberations of a body of such men as he now saw before him They had not asTravelling Agent.-Mr. Henry Greatrake will sembled to discuss matters of party interest, or personal visit different parts of central and southern Ohio, ambition; but they had left their farms and homes, and come together to deliberate on the great interests of their as agent for this paper. He has been very suc-noble state; to consider what can be done for the promo cessful thus far, in obtaining subscriptions, and ion of our agriculture. As farmers, they had not come up here to rebel against the decree that man should eat we bespeak for him, the confidence and assis-bread by the sweat of his brow; but, by peaceful counsels, to try in some degree to mitigate the severity of their com tance of our friends, wherever he may visit mon lot. In conclusion, he congratulated his brother far- report of the committee be laid on the table, unmers on the respectable number in attendance, and the til to-morrow morning. He thought the resocertain prospect of elevating their noble cal'ing. lutions asked for that which, in the present state Cheap Postage---Hurrah! On motion, it was resolved that a committee of ten per- of our finances, we should not be able to get. Newspapers free if not over 30 miles! sons be appointed to report resolutions and business for The people of Ohio were complaining of onerous the action of the convention; which having been agreed to, ters, (weighing not over half an ounce,) 5 cents the president appointed Gov. M. Bartley, of Richland, and taxes, and under such state of feeling, he did any distance not over 300 miles, and 10 cents Franklin; D. B. Kinney, of Lorain; R. J. Thompson, of per year, for this purpose. He would be willing Messrs Stanly Watson, of Madison; M. L. Sullivant, of not think the Legislature would grant $7,000 any greater distance! Blessings on Uncle Sam-Portage; J. F. Harrison, of Clark; J. W. Gill, of Jefferson; to see agriculture encouraged by the State, and J. C. Brand, of Champaign; R. W. Steele, of Montgomery, the National Legislatures-he had always been and M B. Bateham, of Franklin. in favor of its promotion; during his whole life, to within a few years, he had been a practical farmer, and he still felt much absorbed in its success; but he was not in favor of asking for that which, in his opinion, could not be had. Let give him plenty of work now he does it so cheaply! Send on those subscriptions for the Ohio Cultivator, that you ought to have obtained for us months ago-your neighbors have not half of them subscribed yet-indeed, we presume some of them scarcely know there is such a paper! Fie upon you, friends of improvement! Hear this liberal proposal:-We will allow all remittances, (if current bills,) to be sent us by mail, at our risk and expense, and the discounts and premiums as formerly, besides; those sending, to be able to prove by a witness that they enclosed the money to us, properly directed, and put in the post of fice. On motion, the following persons were appointed a com- The following persons were appointed by the president Wm Ladd and R. E. Neil. On motion of Mr. J. Su'livant, a lect information and report on the subject of the culture Mr. BATEHAM was fully persuaded of the friendly disposition of the Governor towards this cause, and he was also well aware of the embarrassment which oppresses the financial affairs of our State, and of the onerousness of the taxes which all this, he was in favor of the resolutions, and the people are required to pay. But in view of by an appropriation from the treasury, could any he was fully convinced that in no other way but thing be done effectually, to advance the cause Mr. Bateham informed the convention that a number of of agriculture in Ohio; and in no other way, but plow makers had proposed to exhibit their plows in opera BACK NUMBERS of this paper will be sent to all tion; and that Mr. M. L. Sullivant would, for the gratifica. by improving the agriculture can the people of new subscribers, so as to make a complete volume part of his fine herd of Durham cattle driven into the city barrassments, and their onerous taxation. The tion of the members of the convention, have the grea'er Ohio ever expect to obtain relief from their emwith the index, for binding at the end of the year. at 3 o'clock in the afternoon. He was very sorry to an farmers of OHIO have got to pay her large indebtPREMIUMS! A complete vol. of the Genesee nounce that the reaping machine and the sowing machine, edness out of the productions of her much aFarmer for 1842, edited by HENRY COLMAN (now which they were shipped from Cincinnati in time to have bused soil; and in no other way can it ever be it had been advertised would be present, had not ar in Europe) will be sent gratis to every person reached here, but the captain of the canal boat, had, that done. Her Legislators may appear to afford rewho procures two new subscribers to this paper, morning, informed him that they were left at Portsmouth, lief for a time, by devising new schemes of taxat one dollar each, and forwards the pay in ad-on account of some difficulty in getting them into the ation, creating new banks, or increasing facilivance or four subscribers at the club price, 75 boat. He was sure this announcement would cause much cts. each. (The postage on the premium is only 12 cents within the State.) these important machines. But it could not now be helped. go, but they do not create wealth, and will never regret to many present who felt a great desire to witness ties of commerce-all very well, as far as they The convention then adjourned, to meet again at 7 pay our State debts, without an improved syso'clock in the evening, in order to attend the exhibition of tem of agriculture. We may talk about sustainCHILLICOTHE.-We have 86 subscribers at the agricultural implements, cattle; &c., and to allow time for the committees to prepare their reports. ing agricultural associations, and other measures Chillicothe office, being a greater number than at THE EXHIBITION was an interesting one, and attracted a for this purpose, by private liberality and enterany other in the State, except Columbus, and 75 large concourse of spectators; though much regret and dis- prize; and the supposition is a plausable one; but of them are business men, mechanics, &c., re-appointment was occasioned by the non arrival of the unfortunately, all experience and history prove siding within the limits of the city. We were at reaping and sowing machines. The plows exhibited. that it is utterly impossible. Although a young (10 or 12 in number.) were mostly of beautiful workmanfirst surprised at this, but on visiting that place ship, and their performance generally gave great satisfac-man, he had given almost his undivided attena short time since, we found such evidences of tion. The operation of the subsoil plow was an entire tion to these matters for ten or twelve years past, improvement, and general display of horticultu- novelty in this region; and as an evidence of the impres had watched the operation of experiments of rataste, as we have not seen elsewhere in Ohio.sion it creates on the minds of the best farmers present, it this kind in New York, and several other States, We have heard Chillicothe spoken of by strangers may be stated that no less than twelve of these implements and he could positively assert that in no case were engaged on the spot. as a place that had got its growth, and was pass- The fine herd of Durham cattle, consisting of about 30 had there been an instance where extensive or ing into its dotage; but let such persons visit it now, and they will soon change their opinion on that subject. Will friend Rennick be so good as to send us the dimensions of that magnificent ox? A "hand" in measuring horses is four inches. head, and several very large jacks and jennies, belonging to EVENING SESSION, 7 o'clock. The convention was called to order by the president, and making in all about 150 and representing 30 counties. (A a number of additional delegates were added to the list, lasting results had been produced without Legislative aid. He then gave, somewhat in detail, the history of agricultural associations in New York; also, spoke of efforts made in eastern and southern States, and in Indiana, to show the and the certainty of failure without it, and exgreat good that would arise from such assistance, pressed his firm conviction that the people of Ohio were beginning to see this matter in its true light, and will soon demand an appropriation from their treasury for this purpose. taken the Ohio Cultivator, it would have told them of the folly of such practice. After a few minutes further debate, in which a number of delegates expressed their sentiments, the question was taken on the amendment offered by Mr. Davis, and lost. The Mr. R. DAVIS thought the Legislature would first resolution was then adopted unanimously, as rebe more likely to aid us if we would first put our ported. The second and third resolutions were then read and own shoulders to the wheel; and he would pro-adopted unanimously. pose that a State Agricultural Society be formed, and county societies recommended, and efforts be made by individual contribution, before aid is asked from the Legislature. He had embodied his views in a set of resolutions, which he would offer as a substitute for those of the committee. The chair decided his motion out of order, the question being on laying the resolutions on the table. GOV. BARTLEY then withdrew his motion and the first resolution was read for adoption: eties. He would remind Mr Harrold, that the resolution asking an appropriation, did not contemplate placing the money designed for the societies, into the hands of the board: it would remain in the state treasury till drawn for by the societies. As to the limi's of local societies, there were many reasons in favor of their being confined to counties; but as this would be an after consideration, be saw no objection to amend the resolution so as to rad county or district sccieties;" and he would now move such amendment. 2. Resolved, That as four-fifths of our popuThe question was taken on the amendment of Mr. Batelation are engaged in agricultural pursuits, ham, and carried. After considerable further debate on the subject of the and at least, four-fifths of our State taxes are paid ber of the delegates participated; and a majority seeming by farmers, the improvement of agriculture de-mode of appointing the state board, in which quite a numserves the first attention of our Legislators and inclined to the opinion that it had better be done by an an a share in the appropriations from the treasury. nual meeting of delegates from the county societies, a res3. Resolved, That this convention are fully olution was moved and adopted to refer the resolution to a aware of the necessity that exists for the exer- select committee for amendments; whereupon, the char appointed Messrs. Waddle. J. Sullivant and C. Harrold; cise of the most rigid economy in the manage- who reported the next morning, amending the resolution, ment of the affairs of the State, but at the same (as above,) so as to request the legislature to enact a law time we are fully persuaded that the expenditure providing for the election of a state board of agriculture, 1. Resolved, That as Agriculture is the great of a few thousand dollars annually, for the pro- by an annual meeting of delegates from the county socie source of our wealth, and the basis of our pros-motion of agriculture, would be found the surest les; in which form, after some further debate, it was passed by a nearly or quite unanimous vote. perity as a State, it is highly essential that vig- and most effectual means of increasing the rev orous and systematic measures be adopted for enues of the State; thereby lessening the need of the promotion and improvement of agriculture taxation, and at the same time increasingur throughout Ohio. ability to pay taxes by increasing the productiveness and value of our lands. MR. DAVIS moved to amend this resolution by adding words expressing a determination to now form a State Agricultural Society. MR. BATEHAM said he was quite willing to hear an ex pression of the sentiments of the convention on that question, for he had no doubt that some delegates had come here with the expectation that a state society would be formed, and efforts made to get up state shows like those which have excited so much interest in the State of New York. But for his part, he was opposed to the amend ment. He was fully persuaded that the farmers of Ohio were not yet enough of them prepared to co operate with a state society, to render it useful or respectable; and if a state society now be organized, he was sure it would soon die, or at least drag heavily, and would only dis hearten our best men, and put the cause back for years. Some gentleman, whose name the reporter did not learn, asked what constituted the great difference between the farmers of Ohio and those of New York, in reference to sustaining such a society, and thought this convention might eately follow an example that had been so eminently Buccessful. The next resolution was then read for adoption. 5. Resolved, That the Assemb y be also requested to repeal the existing law relative to agricultural societies, and to adopt a plan similar to the one now in successful operation in New York; allowing each society a small sum annually, from the State Treasury, conditionally, that an equal amount be raised by the society from fees or contributions of members, and that the society conform to the regulations of the State Board, in making full returns, &c. 4. Resolved, That the next General Assembly be requested to enact a law providing for the election by delegates from the different county or district societies, of a permanent State Board of Agriculture, to consist of seven members, residing in different parts of the State, who shall have the general supervision of all plans for the MR. BATEBAM, by reques', briefly explained the characpromotion of Agriculture throughout the State, ter of the existing law. It provides that county commis give instructions for the management of county sinners may, if they deem it expedient, pay a sum not exor district agricultural societies, and obtain re-ceeding $100, annually, to the agricultural society of the ports from the same, procure analyses of soils, county. But it was always found that a considerable num. ber of farmers and other tax payers were opposed to such lectures, &c., and generally perform such acts as societies, and would use their influence to persuade the may tend to promote improvements in agricul- commissioners that it was not "expedient" for them to pay ture, horticulture and domestic industry, also, any money to the society. If it should be paid, it would make an annual report to the Legislature, em- cause much grumbling and complaint among this class; bracing an account of their own proceedings, and as they were commonly poor farmers, they would call it taking money from the pockets of the poor, to put it even made a party question in their county elections; so The 4th resolution, as first reported by the committee, that we find there are not more than half a dozen agricul asked the legislature to appoint a state board of agricultural societies in the state, and most of these scarcely ex ist. The law, therefore, is, in fact, a dead letter, and may ture, &c) as well be repealed, whether we get a better one or not. The resolution was then adopted. MR. BATEHAM replied to the gentleman, that in the first together with an abstract of the reports from the into the pockets of the rich; and in some counties it was county societies. place, there were in the State of New York, when the pres ent system was there commenced, five different agricultural papers, having an aggregate circulation of at least fifty thousand copies. When the case becomes at all similar in Ohio, we, too, can have a state agricultural society, and ex- MR. BATEHAM spoke at some length on the importance hibitions that will excite the admiration of fifty thousand of such a state board, and the necessity there is that county 6. Resolved, That in the opinion of this conspectators. But remember, also, in the second place, these societies should be conducted on a uniform system, and be results in New York were not accomplished without required to make full reports to the state board. By this vention, a sum of not less than seven thousand an appropriation of $8,000 from the state treasury. means the annual reports of the board would give the Give us like causes and we shall have like results. whole people a knowledge of agriculture, and the experi- dollars, should be appropriated from the treasury But until the MINDS of a greater portion of the farmers ments and discoveries that were made in all parts of the annually for the promotion of agriculture; and of Ohio become interested in the cause of improvements, state; and where premiums were awarded for extraordin- of this sum two thousand dollars should be placed by means of agricultural papers, and well sustained local ary crops, &c., we should all be informed of the particulars at the disposal of the State Board and the resocieties, it will be found that an efficient state board of respecting the soil, mode and expense of culture, &c. It agriculture will be more useful and vastly less expensive was in this way, chiefly, that the present system in Newmaining five thousand dollars be distributed pro York had led to the adoption of improved modes of tillage, rata to the county or district societies, that may Gov. BARTLEY thought it would be well to form a state and great increase of crops among the reading class of far be organized, according to the population of the society. If the legislature grant aid, well and good; if not, mers in that state. counties, but no society to receive more than one hundred and fifty dollars annually, and not more than shall have been already raised by the society. than a state society. let us go on. MR. STEELE thought the convention should weigh well the project of forming a state society without funds; for it certainly cannot be expected where there is not sufficient liberality to sustain county societies in that way, that a state society could be sustained. How can we raise the funds to offer the large premiums, and defray the incidental expenses that would be required to give sufficient stimulus to the farmers to induce them to bring their stock and productions from distant parts of the state? MR. WADDLE said the experiment had already been tried: about seven years since, he acted as an officer at a meeting in this house for organizing a state agricultural society A constitution was adopted, and a number of members paid their dollar each, and that, he believed, was the last that was heard of the society or the money! Farmers can not and will not leave their occupations and come up to Columbus to attend meetings of a state society. He was in favor of a state board, and of asking aid from the legislature. He felt deeply impressed with the conviction that efficient measures must speedily be adopted to improve our agriculture; for it cannot be doubted that we are falling behind other states in our knowledge and practice of form ing; and that our great staple crop has diminished instead of increased with the increase of population. If we can devise means to increase our staple crop, we shall at once increase the profits of our labor, and by increasing the business of the canals on which our products are exported, we shall lessen the taxes of the people. MR. LADD thought each farmer in the state could soon learn to increase his crop of wheat at least one bushel per acre with no additional expense. This alone would be about one million of bushels, or enough to pay, many times over, the amount required to sustain agricultural societies, and a good share of our taxes besides. In passing from Zanesville to Columbus, he had seen enough of wretched farming to convince him of the need of efforts in this cause. He saw many corn fields in which the weeds were three times as high as the corn; the proprietors having suffered them to grow with the fallacious idea that weeds were a partial protection from drought. If they had MR. T. J GALLAGHER (of Hamilton) thought such a board would more or less be identified with the politics of MR HARROLD (of Clark) suggested several amendments MR. HARDWICK (of Preble) said he thought it was wrong MR. BATEHAM remarked that he was confident the convention were generally desirous of having a state board of agriculture-but not to be called a "board of control," he did not like that term. He was as desirous as any one, that it should be kept clear of politics, but he did not think the legislature would appoint the members with reference to party considerations; besides, if the resolution passed, he would suggest that this convention nominate the members of the board, and request their appointment by the legislature. He did not care how they were appointed; but he thought it would be necessary for the board to be sanctioned, or constituted a body corporate, by an act of the legislature, in order that they might act efficiently, and have power to secure proper returns from the county soci As the subject matter of this resolution had already been a good deal discussed under another form. it excited but little debate now, and was adopted by a large vote. It being now 10 o'clock, the convention, un motion, adjourned, to meet at 8 o'clock to-morrow morning. THURSDAY MORNING, 8 o'clock The Convention being called to order by the President, the reports of the several committees were read and adop ted; viz:--REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON PLOWS, &c. The committee appointed by this convention to view the different agricultural implements offered for their inspec tion, having performed the duty assigned them, beg leave to report: With the plows presented, your committee were much pleased. After a careful examination, and seeing them used, the undersigned have no hesitation in naming those presented by Mr. Franklin and Mr Whitley as decidedly the best sod plows exhibited. The Ridgway, Lang's Patent, Kentucky, and the Michigan plows, are each, for fallow grounds, excellent, but in cutting sud are not, in the opin ion of your committee, equal to the plows first named. Your committee were happy to witness the operation of a sub soil plow, which was manufactured in Boston by Ruggles, Nourse, and Mason, and they are fully satisfied that it will answer the purpose intended. Plows of the same pattern are manufactured in Cincinnati, a couple of which were sent to the exhibition. Three cheese presses were also presented to your commit. tee for examination, and all of which are considered well contrived. The double lever, self-acting press, presented by Thomas J. Alexander, of Westerville, from its cheapness, is preferred. Its cost is but three dollars and fifty cents. Those presented by Mr. Gorge, of West Jefferson, and Mr. E. F. Carpenter, cost more in their construction, and as these are times that cheapness, when combined with great utility, is of vast importance, the undersigned prefer that first named the damages sustained by wool growers from this source, and from the sentiments of the farmers with whom he had The several cradles exhibited were deemed well worthy held correspondence or intercourse, he felt sure that such a of the tarmer's attention. That presented by Messrs Sal-law was needed in this State, and that it would be a popu isbury and Smith, of Delaware county, is a decided im-lar law among the great majority of the people; he also provement upon those heretofore used, and your committee thought that the farmers would not be willing to wait anrecommend it as the best exhibited. other whole year before the law should take effect. But for his part he had no personal interest in the matter; there were many wool growers present and they could speak and vote their sentiments on the question. The committee also examined a very ingeniously construsted multiplying Bee Palace, invented by E. W. Phelps, of Granville, Licking county, and think it deserving the consideration of the public, and a fair trial at least. It is so contrived that the honey can be taken without disturbing the bees, and the swarms can be divided or conbined at pleasure. It appears well adapted, also, to prevent the depredations of the miller. After some further remarks by different individuals, the question was taken on Mr. Worthington's amendment and Gov. BARTLEY hoped the resolution would not be adopted All of which is respectfully submitted. If the project is unpopular with the people, it will throw a P. S. In addition to the implements named in the fore- degree of odium on the convention. Many persons of lim going report, there were a number of Horse Rakes, exhibited means had dogs for which they felt strong attachment, ted, manufactured by Mr. Pierce of Clark county. They even though of no use to them. He thought the whole are of the most approved construction, and the best work honored with a seat in that body, he would vote for a law matter had better be left to the Legislature. If, however. manship-very cheap, at $10, at which price they will be for sale at the shop of J. Ridgway, Jr., & Co., Columbus, to tax all dogs; and he was willing to sign a petition to the Legislature to that effect; but he did not wish to see the influence of this convention injured by passing a resolution that would be unpopular with the people. ED. O. CULT. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON WOOL. Your committee on Wool beg leave to report that, after the most careful examination we are capable of making, with the facilities afforded, we agree to report that it is impossible for us to determine, from the samples presented, who has the most desirable stock of sheep. We, however, agree to present the following as the result of our investigation. For fineness of fibre, we believe that Mr. Ladd, Mr. Pugsley, Mr Harrold, Mr. Neil, Mr. Taylor, Mr. Allen Trimble, and Thomas Wood, have the preference among the wools that have been presented for the examination of this committee. Of these wools we cannot fully agree which has the decided preference; neither could we, with propriety, give a decision unless we had the sheep, to inspect the condi to of them, and the respective weight of their fleeces. Signed on behalf of the committee by JOHN HOWELL. REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON SILK. The committee to whom was referred the subject of the culture and manufacture of silk, beg leave to say that they have had this subject under consideration, and regret that for the want of tune and the means of information, they are not able to present such a report as they could wish, or as the importance of the subject itself demands; for we consider it one intimately connected with out agricultural interests, and that it could easily be incorporated with and made a profitable branch thereof, by every farmer in the state; thus adding to the general and individual wealth of the country. Experience has proved that our soil and cli mate are well adapted to the growth of the mulberry and the rearing of silk worms; and that by using the simple bat almost indispensably necessary apparatus, called Gills' Ventilating Cradle, the labor and expense of feeding is diminished one half, the product of silk greatly increased, and, in short, there is now no more difficulty or uncertainty in raising a crop of silk, than there is in raising a litter of pigs. And we are happy to say the manufacture of silk to most of the staple goods is successfully carried on in this state, and to an extent far beyond the production of the raw material; thus affording a ready market for an in creased production to our citizens; and we have no doubt that the demand will always be fully equal to the supply, even should that be very greatly increased. We, therefore respectfully recommend to farmers to plant each for him self an orchard of mulberry, and feed silk worms; and a little experience will convince them that it will be to their interest to enlarge and continue it. And we would also suggest the propriety and expediency of petitioning the Legislature to give this subject that consideration, and, il necessary, that encouragement which its importance de mands. Mr BATEHAM, from the committee on resolutions, made a further report, consisting of resolutions Nos. 7 to 10 in clusive, which he read and the report being accepted, the 7th resolution was offered for adoption. 7. Resolved. That in view of the great importance and extent of the wool growing interests in this State-amounting, as it does already, to an investment of about twelve millions of dollars, and in view of the great losses sustained by wool growers in the destruction of sheep by dogs-this convention earnestly request the next General Assembly to pass a law for the protection of sheep, against the damage and injury constantly thus accruing-by imposing a sufficient tax on dogs to effect the object-the revenue thus derived to go into the State Treasury. Mr. T. WORTHINGTON moved that the resolution be so amended as that the law shou'd have a prospective operation -say to take effect one year after its enactment. In sup port of his motion, he said he had once known a law passed imposing a tax on dogs, and the principal effect was, to induce owners to discard their dogs and drive them from ther houses, to avoid paying the tax; so that the evil was worse than before, as the dogs were obliged to kill sheep to obtain subsistence. He spent one whole winter, when a lad, in doing nothing else than shooting dogs, and selling their hides to the tanners, to pay for powder and shot. By giving the law a prospective operation, he thought people would destroy the pups and in a short time, greatly reduce the number of dogs. He was in favor of a law of this kind. Mr. BATEHAM briefly supported the resolution, and oppos ed the amendment. He said, from what he had learned of on dogs should go to the school fund, instead of into the Mr. LADD concurred in the remarks of Mr. Keen. several letters from other parts of the state, requesting this The chair appointed Messrs. Joseph Ridgway, Jr., Samuel Medary and M. L. Sullivant as said committee. MR. BATEHAM, from the committee on resolutions, reported resolutions Nos. 11 to 15, inclusive; which report was accepted. Resolutions Nos. 11, 12, 13 and 14 were then severally unanimously adopted. read for adoption; and with litt'e discussion, were all 11. Resolved, That it is important that the farmers of this State should, in the selection of candidates for Representatives and Senators, in the General Assembly, secure those who are known to be friendy to the cause of agriculture, and who will regard the prosperity of the State as of more importance than the interests of a party, and will consequently spend less of their time and the people's money, in making party speeches, and in legislating for party purposes, than has usually been the practice in our State Legislature. 12. Resolved, That this convention are deeply sensible of the need of better facilities of educapense, obtain a knowledge of those branches of tion, whereby farmers' sons may, at small exscience that are intimately connected with agriculture, and essential to a complete knowledge we hope the time is not far distant when these of farming as a science, as well as an art, and sciences will be taught in our common schools, or when agricultural schools will be established and sustained in Ohio; and we also suggest to the teachers in our schools, academies and colleges, the propriety of delivering, or causing to be delivered to their pupils, frequent lectures on agriculture and horticulture, and of requiring boys, especially those destined to be farmers, to write compositions on these subjects. Mr. BATEHAM said the convention was expressly called to consider upon the various projects, having reference to agriculture, that were brought before the Legislature last winter, and as this was one of them which was strongly petitioned for, he was unwilling it should be passed over. Gov. TRIMBLE asked leave to make a few remarks on the resolution. He fully admitted the extent of the evil com plained of. In his township 300 sheep had been destroyed by dogs, during the past year. He had himself, lost many valuable sheep in that way-some of them purchased at great prices, from the celebrated Grove flock at Medina, last fall; but he would remind the convention that a law of this kind would undoubtedly, meet with much opposition, and the members of the Assembly would avoid the subject if possible. fle did not doubt that the law would be popular with that class of farmers with which Mr. Batehamn mainly has correspondence and intercourse; but there were many farmers in his district and in other parts of the State, who would feel greatly agrieved by the enactment of such a law While on the floor he would make a further suggestion on the subject of taxes. He was in favor of appropriating a 13. Resolved, That this convention earnestly part of the funds arising from the tax on pedlers, mounte recommend the formation of township Farmers banks, sules at auction, &c., to the support of agricultural | Clubs and libraries, and that young farmers, essocieties. After some further remarks by Gen. Worthington, Mr. | pecially, be encouraged to cultivate a taste for, Ladd and various others, the question was taken and the and knowledge of the natural sciences, to read resolution adopted by the vote of a large majority. The eighth resolution was then read, and adopted unanimously, without discussion. books and periodicals, and hold social discussions on matters relating to agriculture; to the end that they may become scientific and successful farmers and acquire such a taste for the profession of agriculture as will prevent all desire to forsake it for those professions that are already over-crowded, and in which success can only be attained by a few. 8. Resolved, That inasmuch as correct statistics are of great importance to the State, and highly useful in devising plans for the promotion of agriculture, this convention respectfully ask the next Assembly to pass the bill introduced at the last session, by Mr. Bartley, or a similar one, 14. Resolved, That the first and most necessaproviding for obtaining correct statistics of the ry work to be done for the promotion of agriculagriculture and domestic manufactures of Ohio. ture in this State is, to awaken interest in the 9. Resolved, That the next Assembly be also MINDS of farmers, by inducing them to become requested to amend the act passed last winter, readers of well conducted agricultural papers; for punishing the offences of destroying fruit for all experience and observation teach us, that and ornamental trees, stealing fruit, &c., so that until this is done more effectually, few, comparaState, instead of only to certain counties as at be devised or the societies that may be formed for its provisions shall extend to all parts of the tively, will co-operate in the measures that may present. this purpose. by the secretary, certifying to his appointment as a dele: more attention from the General Government of MR. BATEHAM said that the law passed last winter he con sidered a mild one. It did not prescribe punishment unless the offence was committed maliciously. He had received Resolved, That the agricultural societies throughout the Union be, and they are hereby requested to memoralize Congress in favor of this measure. The fifteenth resolution was reported in a somewhat dif ferent form, and was amended on a motion made by Gen. T. Worthington, so as to read as above; in which form it was adopted. The convention then spent some time in discussing the subject of now appointing a state board of agriculture; and without coming to a decision, took a recess for din. ner. |