Regulations of the New England railroads.. 343 | Tonnage duty on Spanish vessels.. Restraints upon trade, enforced by law. 121 68 35 of the U. States, from 1821 to 1848.. 447 459 568 577 339 324 107 586 345 461 .528, 644 66 660 laws, treasury explanations of.. Ribbons, manufacture of..... 653 Treasury notes, U. States, outstanding....457, 570 224 66 canal and river commerce of.. 298 .50, 298 248 266, 278 debts and finances of the...147, 389 224 S. San Joaquin River, sailing directions for..... 459 66 37 313 66 131 66 Shanghai, description, commerce, etc., of.... 427 Ship building in Maine and Newburyport 239, 321 Slave trade, statistics of the.. States, area and population of.. Snuff, consumption of... Soda, process for the manufacture of. Spain, commercial code of.. tariff of, on cotton goods, etc.. 66 66 356 336 registered and enrolled tonnage 326 97 110 treasury circular instructions to 458 66 549 66 tonnage cle'rd from 1841 to 1848 541 340, 466, 579, 684 66 502 66 of limitations, when it begins to run.. 208 66 engine, improvements in the... Steamers of Cuba... Steamboat navigation of Cincinnati.. Steel, invention for the manufacture of........ Stock brokers, explanation of terms of Exchange, the London... Stoppage in transitu, law of.... 66 66 583 coasting trade, regulations of... 549 38 468 469 347 92 Venezuela, ports of the republic of. 450 93 117 law of debtor and creditor in..... 451 122 chronicles and characters of 684 Ventilation of coal mines... 346 689 I. NOTES ON THE COMMERCE OF THE BLACK SEA. By JOHN P. BROWN, Esq., of the American Legation, residing at Constantinople, Turkey.. II. COMMERCIAL LEGISLATION of new YORK IN 1849.--Panama Railroad--Steam Navigation Companies between New York and Havre and New York and Liverpool- General Insurance Law-Law relative to Agencies of Foreign Insurance Companies-- Suits against Foreign Companies-Personal responsibility of Stockholders in Banks--The Quarantine Question-Tax on Emigrants-State Legislation in general. By J. B. VAR- III. COMMERCE AND RESOURCES OF CUBA.-Exports and Imports for last twenty years -Yearly average of same-Periods of five years--Internal administration-Customs rev- enue for last twenty years-Railroads in the Island of Cuba-Agriculture-Exports of Sugar and Tobacco-Molasses-Copper ore-Vessels arriving and clearing at Ports of the Island. Translated from the “Diario de la Marina" for the Merchants' Magazine...... 34 IV. MERCANTILE BIOGRAPHY.—THE LATE JONATHAN GOODHUE..... V. COMMERCIAL CITIES AND TOWNS OF THE UNITED STATES.-No. XVII.--THE CITY OF ALBANY.-First Settlement of Albany-Fur Trade with the Indians and Ca- nadians-The center of the military operations of the British Government against the French in North America-Its rapid increase in Commerce and Population after the adoption of the Federal Constitution, and particularly after the completion of the Erie Canal-Its present Trade, Manufactures, and Prospects.... VI. LAW OF DEBTOR AND CREDITOR IN MISSOURI. By CHARLES C. WHITTLESEY, VII. RESTRAINTS UPON TRADE: CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH RESPECT TO, WHICH ARE ENFORCED BY LAW, By Hon. BENJAMIN F. PORTER, of Alabama. 68 VIIL RAILROAD TO THE PACIFIC. By Hon. Jous M. NILES, late United States Senator, of The easy state of the Money Market-Quotations of American Stocks in London-Exports of the Port of New York in 1848-9-Influence of the Fire at St. Louis and the Crevasse at New Or- leans on the Money Market-Paper Money the means of Taxation for war expenses-Cause of Hungary supported by Paper Money-Condition of the Banks of New Orleans-Operations of Exchange-Condition of the Banks of Ohio from 1835 to 1849-Comparative Circulation of Ohio and New Orleans Banks--Ohio Stocks in London at par, etc., etc.... 92-96 Statement of the Quantity and Value of Goods, Wares, and Merchandise imported into the Uni- ted States for the year ending July 1, 1848... Exports and Imports of the German Zollverein in 1846 and 1847.. Statistics of Emigration into New York in 1844 to 1849... Estimated Crops of the United States, as per Hon. Edmund Burke's Patent Report... The Wall-street Stock Broker, and the terms "Washing," "Long and Short," "Cornering," etc.. 117 Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes in the Canadas: a new law.. Tonnage Duty on Spanish Vessels: a Treasury Circular.. Re-examination and Appraisement of Goods, etc., a Treasury Circular. Comprehensive Notices of New Works or New Editions....... The Editor of the Merchants' Magazine to his Friends and Patrons-with a Portrait....... The present number of the Merchants' Magazine, the largest we have ever published, con- tains 50 per cent more matter than the first number, or any succeeding number during the three first HUNT'S MERCHANTS' MAGAZINE AND COMMERCIAL REVIEW. JULY, 1849. Art. I.-NOTES ON THE COMMERCE OF THE BLACK SEA. TREBIZOND, one of the southern ports of the Black Sea, is the most important town of Turkey situated on that great inland sea. The other ports are Heraclea, Sinope, Samsoon, and Batoum, the latter near the Russian frontier of Georgia. The three former places are the ports in which the greater part of the goods and merchandise destined for the interior of Asia Minor are entered, while Trebizond mostly supplies the mountainous countries bordering on Circassia, a great part of Georgia, and Persia. The latter country receives some goods in its southern part through Bussorah, on the Persian Gulf; but by far the greater part of the British wares and cotton manufactures, as well as the sugar and rum which it requires from the new world, are shipped to Trebizond, generally by steam, from Constantinople, and carried thence across the Pylaen Mountains on the backs of horses and mules, through Erzeroum and Kars, to Tabriz, Teheran, and Ispahan. The cheap rate at which the looms of England are able to manufacture our cotton has completely driven ours out of a market in Turkey, especially in the Black Sea; and this must continue to be the case until means are taken to encourage the outlay of capital in the United States in factories of cotton goods. In the East, the excellence and superiority of American cottons are admitted; but the indigent circumstances of the inhabitants induce them to purchase what they can procure cheapest, without any regard to the nature of the article. Some idea of the importance of the commerce of this port will be conceived by the statement that, in 1846, $6,557,835 of manufactures passed through it for Persia, and that $420,500 of the same goods entered it for the consumption of the town and its vicinity. $145,900 of sugar, $84,030 of coffee, and $5,880 of spirits, mostly from New England, via Trieste and Constantinople, were, during the same year, imported for the use of the place. Its exports are of a miscellaneous nature, and during the same period amounted in all to $2,394,370, and the total exports to $8,230,825. What the commerce of the other ports aforementioned amount to, cannot now be stated; they are, however, considerably less than that of Trebizonde, when the transit trade to Persia is included, but quite equaling, if not indeed surpassing it in the aggregate of local consumption. Notwithstanding the now long residence of our legation at the capital of Turkey, the commerce of the Black Sea is as yet but little known to our merchants at home; and this must continue to be the case until the government of the United States, at Washington, is prepared by Congress to send consular agents into it who are themselves acquainted with the details of commerce, and are allowed a support while acting as pioneers in the acquisition of commercial knowledge for the use of merchants in America. A consular or a commercial agent at Trebizond, on a salary of $1,000 a year, would be able to make himself thoroughly acquainted with the trade of all the Turkish ports in the Black Sea; and if he was selected with entire reference to his capacity as a commercial man, and not to his ability for demanding consular fees and holding ships' registers, the future utility of the appointment is beyond calculation. In nearly all the ports aforementioned there are vice-consuls, or consular agents of nearly all the greater commercial nations of Europe; those of England are all merchants possessed of extensive experience in the commerce of the East, and knowing also the languages necessary for communicating with the local authorities and the inhabitants. In many cases she selects for her consuls merchants of honorable character, who have been unfortunate in business; these are allowed moderate salaries of $1,500, and the privilege also of trading; and the amount of knowledge now possessed by the British government, obtained through them annually, regarding the number of vessels of all nations visiting the ports of Turkey, the nature and value of their cargoes, the amount of goods of each kind needed for consumption, and the nature of the exports and their value, must be of a most accurate and extensive nature. It is also certainly better acquainted with the statistics of Turkey than the Sublime Porte itself; the number of the inhabitants in its provinces, the revenues and resources of the country in general, are well known to it; and the rules and regulations governing its commerce with Turkey in general, are doubtless based on this information. Since 1847, no means have been possessed of procuring a statement of the commerce of Trebizond. It has not, however, certainly in any measure decreased. No writer has ever written upon the trade of the southern ports of the Black Sea, though of those to the north, in Russia, an excellent work exists, published as far back as 1835, by Jules de Hagemeister, who used statistics furnished him by the Russian government authorities of Odessa for his data. This book has been translated and published in England. Since 1835 a great increase has occurred in the commerce of Odessa, the principal port of the Sea of Azoff, (Taganrock,) and those in the Danube. During the years 1825-30, not more than from twenty to thirty English vessels passed the Straits of the Bosphorus annually for ports in the Black Sea; and in the year just passed, 1848, not less than three hundred vessels received firmans of passage. The greater part of these are in ballast, and are chartered to proceed to Taganrock, Odessa, Galatz, (in the Danube,) a barna for cargoes of grain, (wheat, barley, and Indian corn,) and butter, tallow, and hides for England direct, or for divers ports in other parts of Europe. The amount of goods and merchandise which they convey to these ports is small. Russia now both produces and manufactures for herself, and she only needs England as a market for her grain and tallow. The late scarcity of food in Great Britain gave a stimulus to our farmers at home, and the amount |