The Law of Freedom and Bondage in the United States

Gaius, 89 (1).

Gentilis, Albericus, 337 (1).

INDEX.

Georgia, slavery when introduced, 206-
212 (2); statute law of the colony,
309-311.

German empire, an international law of,
100 (1).

Germany, slavery in ancient, 158 (1);
slavery not recognized in modern, 161
(2); but law of some districts as to
liberty of strangers, 340.

Gerry, Elbridge, life of, 401 (1), 408 (2).
Gibbon, 160 (1).

Glanvill, 131 (2).

Godwin's Commonwealth, 219 (4).
Goethe's Faust, 466 (1).
Gordon's Hist. Am., 266 (1).

Government, forms of, distinguished, 417;
of a constituted, 421.

Governments, the colonial, their origin,
117-125; held the local sovereignty,
128; were divested of it by the Rev-
olution, 399; not all changed simul-
taneously, 403.

the national and the State, do
not possess sovereign power, 424,
513-520; powers of the national,
425-427; those of the States are not
restricted by the Const. of U. S. as a
bill of rights, 476, 477; power of the
State G. over slavery, 517; of the
national G. in the Territory, 589-59.
Graham, Hist. of U. S., 219 (5), 122 (2),
401 (1).

Granger, speech in Ho. of Rep. 515 (3).
Gray, F. C., on Mass. Fundamentals, 258
(2).

Gravina, 16 (4), 147 (3).

Greenleaf's Evid., 74 (1), 88 (1).
Grier, Mr. Justice, observations on Som-
erset's case, 194; on habeas corpus
by State judiciary, 495 (7); opinion
in Dred Scott's case, 531.
Grimké, on a distributed sovereignty, 408
(1).

Groenewegen, law of the Netherlands in

slave cases, 335.

Grotius, 2 (2), 3 (1), 7 (3), 9 (2), 14 (1),
16 (4), 24 (1), 28 (2), 29 (1), 33 (1),
156 (3), 158 (4), 346, 417 (2).
Guadentius, de Justinianæi Sæc. Mor.,
156 (4).
Guarantees distinguished from liberty, 420

(3); the, of liberty in English law,
131; in the constitution of a repub-
lican government, 515; guarantee of
private property in Cons. of U. S., as
protecting slavery, 529.

605

Hakluyt, 164 (1), 177 (1).
Hale, Ch. J., 20 (1), 128, 145 (1).
Hallam's Mid. Ages, 159 (1); Literature
of Europe, 204 (2).

Hall, J. P., address before N. E. Society,
122 (2).

Ham, issue of, 165 (1).
Hamilton. See Hedaya.

Alexander. See Federalist.
Hammond, Senator, speech on slave ques
tion, 524 (2); writings, 516 (1).
Hardwicke, Lord, 185.

Hargrave's argument in Somerset's case,
376 (2), 378 (1).

Harper, Chancellor, 43 (2); 516 (1).
Harrington's Analysis, 203 (2).
Harrison. See Holinshed.
Hartford, government at, 267.
Hayward. See Savigny.

Hazard's Annals of Pa., 206 (1); Collec-
tions, 254 (2), 256 (3), 268 (5), 275
(2), 278 (3).

Heathens, slavery of, 160.
Hebrew law in Conn., 268 (2).
Hedaya, Mussulman Law of slavery in the,
23 (1), 167 (1, 2).

Heffter, 21 (2), 22 (1), 28 (3), 33 (1), 34
(1), 35 (1), 93 (3), 156 (1).
Hegel, 6 (2), 35 (1), 47 (2).
Heineccius, 88 (1), 94 (1), 144 (1), 147
(1), 151 (3), 152 (1), 154 (1), 158 (2),
211 (1).

Hening, statutes of Va., 119 (5), and see
Va, statutes.
Herrera, 167 (3).

Hertius, 97 (2), 99 (3).
Hewit, Hist. of S. C., 205 (1).
Hildreth, Desp. in Am., 185 (2), 576 (1);

Hist. of U. S., 121 (3), 122 (2), 123 (1),
124 (1), 160 (4), 173 (1), 175 (2), 204
(1), 205 (1), 206 (1), 212 (2), 219
(3, 5), 220 (4), 226 (2), 233 (1), 249
(1), 254 (2), 261 (1, 2), 262 (2), 268
(4), 271 (1), 275 (1), 279 (1), 287 (1,
2), 301 (1), 309 (2), 376 (3), 402 (2),
403 (1).
Hindoo law, 115 (1).

Historical element in law, 47.

law of nations. See Universal
jurisprudence.:

school of jurisprudence, 47

(2).
Hobart, Chief Justice, on power of par-
liament, 127.

Hobbes, 2 (3), 5 (2), 6 (2), 22 (3), 27 (1).

127.

Hoffman's Legal Outlines, 29 (2), 33 (1).
Holinshed's Chronicles, 179 (1).
Holm. See Campanius.

Holmes' Annals, 121 (4), 262 (2).
Holroyd, Judge, 216 (1), 576 (1), 578.
Holt, Ch. J., 127, 145 (1), 181 (1), 224
(1).

Hora Juridica, 29 (1), 31 (1), 94 (1), 144
(1).

Horses, how known to be property, 585.
Horsmanden, 282 (1).

Huberus, De Conflictu Legum, 70, 71–74,
147 (3); De Jure Civit., 149 (1), 156
(3); Prælectiones, 340 (1).

Hughes, Gr. Abridg., 138 (1).
Hugo, Encyclopädie, 14 (1), 20 (2).
Hutchinson, Collections, 219, (4); Hist. of
Mass., 120(1), 121 (1, 4, 5), 122 (1, 2),
123 (1), 205 (5), 262 (2).

Hume, Hist., 219 (1).
Hüne, Darstellung über Sclavenhandel,
151 (3), 158 (1), 159 (1), 160 (3), 161
(1), 162 (1, 2, 3, 4), 163 (1), 164 (1),
174 (2), 176 (1).

Iavolemus, in Dig., 3 (2).

Idol of the market, illustrated, 586 (1).
Illicit intercourse of blacks and whites,

statute law, Va., 229, 233, 240; Md.,
251 (1), 252, 253; Mass., 263; Pa.,
290; Del., 292; S. C., 302.
Immoral laws, 111 (1).
Imperial power of crown and parliament,
126, 208.

Importation. See Slaves.

Indentured servants, 219. See Servants.
India, slavery in British dominions, 203

(2); extent of English law in, 216 (1).
Indians, slavery of, 164; in Mass., 256;
Conn., 268; basis of their condition
in the colonies, 204, 215; how re-
garded as aliens, 321; when property
by colonial law, 323.

statute law respecting; trading
with, Va., 229, 234, 236, 241; inter-
course with N. C., 293 (1), 295; not
to have Christian slaves, Va., 233;
enslavement of, sanctioned, Va., 230,
233, 235, 241; Mass., 256; Conn.,
268; R. I., 275; order of Commis-
sioners of United N. E. Col., 268 (5);
instruction of Conn., 272; N. Y., 280
(1); transportation of, ordered, Va.,
237, 241, 246; Mass., 261; Conn.,
269; R. I., servants, Va., 230, 231;

slaves, duty on export, S. C., 298;
importation prohibited, Mass., 265;
N. H., 266; Conn., 271; R. I., 276;
Pa., 288; their civilization, Mass,
204 (1), 257; evidence, S. C. 305,
and see Slaves, Testimony.
Individual rights, 37; may be attributed
universally, 53, 83.

Inductive method in jurisprudence, 87,
526 (2).

Ingenuus, meaning of, 214 (1).

Inhabitants of the colonies classified. 199.
Inheritance of slavery, 211. See Birth.

of common law, 196.
Intermarriage of negroes and whites,
statute law, Va., 236, 240; Md., 249,
250, 251 (1), 253; Mass., 263; Pa,
290, Del., 292; N. C., 295.
Internal law, 48.
International law defined, 9, 11, 34, 48;

nature of its authority, 10, 53; when
identified with national law, 10, 53,
97; not identical with natural law,
11; is public and private, 22, 97; how
derived, 33; how divided, 44, 54; how
changed, 36; discriminated from law
of nations, 46; fundamental maxims
of private, 55-60; operates as a per-
sonal law, 64; determining personal
condition in the colonies, 200, 317,
329, 334; is part of the law of the
U. S., 442; how determined in each
State of the Union, 490 (2); how ap-
plied by administrative officers, 510.
Institutes. See Roman Law.

Coustumières, 339.
Insurrections. See Servants, Slaves.
Irving, Civil Law, 27 (2).

W., Knickerbocker's History of
N. Y., 124 (1), Hist. of Columbus,
162 (4), 164 (1), 167 (3).

Issue, of slave. See Birth.

that had in view in this volume, 572;
statement of that between the North
and South, 593 (2).

Jay, P. A., in N. Y. convention, 418 (1).
Jefferson, his views of the common law,

119 (1), 197 (2); his connection with
the Declaration of Independence, 472
(2); his first draft of, 225 (4).
Jews not permitted to hold slaves, 160.
Johnson, Judge, on powers of Congress in

the Territories, 453 (3).
Jones, Sir Wm., on Roman Law, 144 (2);
on Hindoo law, 23 (1), 115 (1); on
extent of English law, 196 (2), 216(1)

INDEX.

Kaufmann. See Mackeldey.
Keble's Statutes, 179.

Jones, C. C., on the Religious Instruction | Kant, 4 (1), 13 (4), 35 ( ).
of the Negroes in the U. S., 263 (2).
Judicial act, what is, 507.
Judicial decisions a source of law, 25; ju-
dicial recognition of foreign law, 73;
power, of the U. S., its extent, 427;
the power described, 432; persons
who may exercise it, 487; power held
by legislative bodies, 486 (1).

power, concurrent of the States, 490;
they may restrict it, 498.
Judiciary of the U. S., 429, 504.
Juridical, use of the term, 5 (1), 499 (3);
Society of London, 5 (1), 31 (1).
power of the States and of the
U. S., may be concurrent, 491.
Jural, use of the term, 5 (1); character of
the state, 15.

Jurisdiction defined, 22; in international
law, 316; in the Territories of the
U. S., 453.

Jurisdictions, several in the British islands,
317; national and local in the U. S.,
439; jurisdiction, presumption of, in
judicial tribunal, 501 (1).
Jurisprudence defined, 14; general or uni-
versal, 15, 28, 35; is mutable, 36;
a historical science, 47; described in
the Institutes.

Juristical, use of word, 5 (1); phrase-
ology, deficiency of, 52; in the slavery
discussion, 5
Jurists, authority of, 28.
Jus, two significations of the word, 19 (3),
146.

constitutum, 14 (1); primævum et
secundarium, 150 (1).

in the Roman law, proprium or civile,
87, 148; naturale, 147; gentium,
148; publicum, 149.
Jus gentium, has been used in two senses,
72 (2); 88 (2).

slavery supported by it, 154.
Jus proprium supporting slavery in the
colonies, 212, 358, 361.

Justice, natural, recognition of, in juris-
prudence, 5, 24.

Justices of the peace, powers under the

fugitive slave law, 508 (1).

Justinian, law of, respecting freedmen, 213,
Justinian's Institutes, analysis of law in,
145. See Roman law.
Juvenal, 151 (2).

Kaimes, Principles of Equity, 89 (1).
Kansas, slavery under the organic law of
proposed State, 559 (1); act organ-
izing Kansas Territory, 563 (1).

607

Kent's Comm., 13 (2), 22 (1), 27 (2), 28
(1), 33 (1), 99 (1), 133 (1), 138 (2),
140 (2), 145 (1), 161 (3), 198 (1), 204
(2), 216 (1), 404 (1), 406 (3), 407 (1),
429 (3), 432 (2), 476 (2), 481 (3),
487 (1), 490 (2), 492 (1), 493 (1, 2),
495 (1), 496 (2), 498 (2), 499 (1, 2),
500 (1), 501 (1), 503 (1, 2), 504 (2),
509 (2), 567 (3).

Kidnapped Africans, case of in Mass., 261
See Manstealing.

(1).

of Indians not sanctioned by

law, 205.

of Africans, 261 (1).
persons in England, 219.
Kieft, Gov., corresp. with N. E. Commis-
sioners, 268 (5).

Killing slave, law colonial respecting, Geo.,
188 (3); Va., 232; N. C., 296 (1).
King of England, power of, in the colonies,
118-125, 209, 224.
Kirchener, 337 (1).
Knolles. See Bodin.

Lactantius, 2 (2), 5 (2), 156 (3).
Lalaure, Servitudes Réelles, 157 (1), 159
(1).
Lamennais, 16 (4).

Lang, Freedom, &c., Lands of Australia,
129 (1).

Lanjuinais, Constitutions, 417 (2), 420 (2).
Las Casas, 164 (1).

Lavié, Abrégé of Bodin, 341 (1), 345.
Law, the term used in two senses, 1; im-

plies a superior, 2; authority derived
from the state, 2; distinguished from
ethics, 3, 11, 13; its origin, 24-32;
its extent, 44-52; its effect, 18, 20.

definitions and divisions, natural,
5-13, 24; positive, 14; national or
municipal, 7, 12; international, 9, 11,
34, 48; internal, 48; customary, 26;
public and private, 21; personal, 23,
47; territorial, 22; universal, 18;
having universal personal extent, 50;
unwritten, 31; of nations, 17, 29, 85,
(and see Universal jurisprudence, and
International law;) natural and neces-
sary law of nations, 45; administra
tive, 508.

of the U. S., national and local,
440-445; divided into internal and
international, 455; quasi-interna-

tional, 452; contained in the Consti- | Manning, Law of Nations, 16 (4).
tution of the U. S., 423.
Lawrence, W. B., Introduction to Whea-

ton's Elements, 161 (1).
Leaming and Spicer's Collections, 125 (1),
278 (2), 280 (1), 283.
Lechford's Plain Dealing, 123 (1).
*Legislative power, if limited, of Parliament,
127; of colonial Governments, 129,
223, 225; of State Governments, 519.
Leo Africanus, 162 (3).

Letters to Pro-Slavery Men, 160 (5).
Leyser, ad Pandectas, 62 (1).
Lieber, Political Ethics, 2 (2), 3 (1), 4 (3),
5 (1), 6 (2), 7 (2), 11 (2, 4), 24 (1),
37 (1), 414 (1), 417 (1, 2), 420 (4);
Civil Liberty and Self-Government,
31 (1), 38 (1, 2), 135 (1), 314 (1), 315
(1), 420 (4), 462 (1), 469 (1); Legal
and Political Hermeneutics, 567 (2).
Libertinus, Roman law of, 213.
Liberty, its definition a problem, 38; civil
and political distinguished, 130, 415;
guarantees of, 134; how attributed by
English law, 140; an effect of law,
129; favored by law, 371; connection
of, with constitutions, 420.

Liberties of the subject, statute law re-
specting, English, 380 (5); colonial,
Md., 248; Mass., 255, 258; R. L.,
274; N. Y., 280; S. C., 298.
Lilburne, 179 (1).
Lindley. See Thibaut.

Locke, on equality of men, 198 (1); his

constitution for Carolina, 293 (1).
Longs, Discourses, 15 (1), 20 (3), 90 (1).
Long Island, in State of N. Y., settlement
of eastern portion, 278.

Louis XIV., Code Noir, 343.

XV., Edict of, 343.

XVI., Edict abolishing
339 (1).

Loysel's Institutes, 337 (1).

serfdom,

Mackeldey, Compendium, 15 (1), 20 (2),
21 (1), 36 (3), 40 (2, 3), 47 (2), 145
(2), 146 (1), 147 (2), 148 (1), 153 (1),
161 (2).

Mackintosh, Progress of Ethical Philos-
ophy, 3 (1), 6(1), 156 (2).
Madison. See Federalist.
Papers, 208 (2).

Magna Charta, 128 (1), 131 (1), 135 (1),
137 (1), 141.

Maine, Readings before the Juridical Soc.,
52, 398 (1).

Majority, principle of, not exemplified in
formation of the Cons. of U. S., 405.

Mansfield, Lord, on positive law, 27 (2);
on law in the colonies of G. B., 115
(2), 196 (2), 374; his decision in Som-
erset's case, 183 (1), 189, 191, 373-
382.

Manstealing, colonial statutes against,
Mass., 261; N. H., 265; Conn., 270;

R. I., 274; N. Y., 279, and see Free
Persons, sale of.

Manou, law of, in India, 115 (1), 154 (2)
Manumission, in Roman law, 150.

in Colonial law, 213, 214 (2
Maritime Commerce, the law of, embraces
universal jurisprudence, 89 (1).
Marshall on Insurance, 29 (1).

Life of Washington, 420 (1).

Martens, 11 (3), 46 (2).
Martyn, Peter, 164 (1).
Maryland, statute law of the colony, 247-

254.

Mason's Patent, 265 (1).
Massachusetts Bay, Company of, their pa-
tent, 256 (3), 121; Colony of, united
with Plymouth colony, 262.
Massachusetts, Charters and general laws,
256, 263.

Fundamentals, 258.
Records, 121 (5), 124 (2)

219 (6), 261 (1), 262.

Hist. Soc. Collections, 123
(1), 205 (5), 258 (2), 264.

Provincial Congress Jour-

nals, 264 (1).

slavery introduced in, 205,
258 (1); statute law of the col., 254-
265; international recognition of sla-
very in, 370.

Massé, Droit Commercial, 6 (2), 50 (1)
Master and servant, the relation of, under
English law, 135-138.
Maurenbrecher, 97 (2).

Maxims, of international private law, 55–
58, 81.

favoring liberty, 381 (2), 382 (1).
McLean, Mr. Justice, in Prigg's case, 500
(1), 501 (2); in Dred Scott's case,
437, 542-545, 589; his decision on
negro citizenship in C. C., 437 (1).
Mechlin, slave case there, 335.
Mecklenburg, Declaration of Independence,
296, 402 (1), 406 (1),
Menander, 43 (1).
Menu. See Manou.
Mercantile law, mistaken view of its foun-
dation, 29 (2).

Merchants, custom of, in English law, 174.
mention of, in Magna Charts,

141.

Merlin, Repertoire, 99 (1), 150 (1).

INDEX.

609

Metz, case of slave at siege of, 338.

Miller, Hugh, 159 (1).

nor the basis of American Constitu-
tions, 413.

Milton, Defensio pro Populo Angl.,172 (1). Natural reason, its constant recognition in

Ministerial officers, 505.

Mirrour, 127 (1), 189 (1), 211 (1).
Missouri Compromise, 563 (1), and see

Dred Scott.

Mittermaier, Privatrecht, 159 (1).
Mohammedan law in India, 115 (1).
doctrine on enslaving in-
fidels, 160; as to effect of conversion,
167 (1),
Molloy, de Jure Marit. 4 (3), 188 (1), 379
(3).

Molyneux, case of Ireland, 43 (2).
Montesquieu, Spirit of Laws, 1 (1), 80 (2),
159 (1), 426 (2); Lettres Persanes,
376 (3).

Moors, slavery of, 162, 234, 341.
Morhof, Polyhistor., 16 (4).
Motley, Rise of Dutch Republic, 204 (2).
Moulton, Hist. of N. Y., 206 (1), 221 (1).
Mühlenbruch, Pandectarum Doctrina, 153
(1).

Mulford, Hist. of N. J., 221 (1).
Municipal law, origin of the term, 7 (3);

Blackstone's definition of, 12; how
used as equivalent to national law,
222 (1), 513 (3).

law of. See International Law and
Universal Jurisprudence.
Native subject distinguished from alien, 49,
64.

subjects in the colonies distin-

guished, 199.
Natural law, its recognition in jurispru-
dence, 2, 5, 11, 13, 16, 24; how
identified with universal jurispru-
dence, 93, 96; its exposition in the
Roman Civil and Canon law, 20 (1),
86, 94 (1); doctrine of, in the Insti-
tutes, 147, 148; how not the legal
basis of rights of the colonists, 197;

jurisprudence, 15; how applicable in
the absence of local territorial law,
200 (1).

rights, how far recognized in the
national law of the U. S., 460.

and necessary law of nations, 45.
Naturalization, colonial law of, 218 (1);
statute, in Va., 233, 234, 239; Md.,
248; N. Y. 279, 282; S. C., 298.
powers of the States in re-

spect to, 450.
Nature, law of, 1-7.
Navarete, 162 (1).

Nebraska Territory, Act to organize,563(1).
Negro plot in New York, 282 (1).

slavery. See Slaves, Slavery.
Negroes, held in slavery in England, 176.
basis of their legal condition in
the colonies, 215, 321, 390.

when property by the law of com-
merce, 323, 349.

free, their character described in
colonial statutes, Va., 242; N. J..
284; Pa., 289; Del., 293; reduced
to servitude by law, R. I., 276; Pa.,
290; (see Illicit intercourse,) prohib-
ited from holding slaves, Va., 233,
240; from bearing arms in the militia,
Va., 241, 244; or training, Mass., 261;
Conn., 270; from keeping arms and
ammunition, Va., 244; Mass., 257;
Pa., 288; S. C., 300; from holding
real estate; N. Y., 281; N. J., 284.
Nelson, Mr. Justice, on the fugitive slave
law, 495 (7), 501 (2), 508 (1); in
Dred Scott's case, 528 (2), 589.
Netherlands, international law of, in case
of slaves, 277 (2), 335.
New England, slavery introduced into col-
onies of, 206.

Great Patent of, 254 (2).
United Colonies of, 268 (5).
New Hampshire, statute law of the col.,
265-267.

Hist. Soc. Collections, 267 (1).
New Haven, origin of government at, 268.
New Jersey, statute law of the col., 282-
286.

New Mexico, Territory of. See Compro-
mise Measures.
New York, considered a part of New Eng-
land, 124 (3).

statute law of the col., 277-282.
Hist. Soc. Collections, 229, 278.
Nodier, Jean Sbogar, 459 (2).
Normans, their alteration of Saxon ville-
nage, 136.

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