influence of John à Lasco, a Pole of high rank, who had arrived in England on the 13th of May in the same year. The letters patent constituting this Church, which was to be called "Templum Domini Jesu," were dated on the 24th of July, and will be found in Rymer's Fœdera, xv. 242., and in Burnet's History of the Reformation, vol. ii., Collection of Records, No. 51. John à Lasco, "natione Polanus," was constituted the first superintendent; and as ministers were nominated Gualterus de Boemis, Martinus Flandrus, Franciscus Riverius, and Rodolphus Gallus. By these names it would seem that the country of each was designated; but I am not sure that such was the fact. The first name is variously read Deloenus, instead of de Boemis; and what would be the meaning of Riverius? 1. In the Index to the Works of the Parker Society, the first is entered as "Deloenus (Gualter) or Walter Delvin." I believe the true name was Deloene, but should be glad to learn from whence he came. 2. The Fleming was certainly Martinus Micronius, some of whose letters written in London are printed in the collection from Zurich printed for the Parker Society. 3. Franciscus Riverius was Perusel, afterwards the minister at Wesel in the Duchy of Cleves, who befriended the Duchess of Suffolk in her exile, as appears in Foxe's interesting narrative of that matter. 4. The fourth was Vauville, who'married Joanna, the attendant on the wife of Bishop Hooper. He is sometimes called Richard instead of Rodolph, but I suppose by mistake. Having failed to find these ministers duly described in Mr. J. S. Burn's History of the Foreign Protestant Refugees, 1846, I submit the above notices for correction and amplification. It is noticed by Strype, Eccles. Memorials, vol. ii. p. 241., that Martin Micronius carried the register of the Dutch church with him to Embden, when that church was broken up on Queen Mary's accession. Is that register still in existence? JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS. BLAKE QUERIES. - Can any of the readers of "N. & Q." point out the connexion and arrangement of the following materials of a pedigree of Blake? 1. The celebrated Admiral Robert Blake had the following brothers, viz.: 1. Humphrey; 2. (Dr. of Physic) William; 3. George, who obtained in 1671 a patent for erecting a lighthouse in Barbadoes; 4. Alexander; 5. Samuel, an officer; 6. Benjamin; 7. Nicholas, a Spanish merchant of London trading with the West Indies. 2. In Jamaica, Nov. 6, 1717, we find the birth of Benjamin, son of Benjamin and Blake. In 1743 the marriage of Alexander Blake and Hagar Williams. The deaths of Elizabeth Blake, Nicholas Blake, and Benjamin Blake, circa 1750-60. These three were the children of Benjamin Blake. The younger Benjamin again had four children, viz.: 1. William Blake, Speaker of the House of Assembly; 2. Benjamin William Blake; 3. Nicholas Allen Blake; 4. Margaret Bonella Blake. 3. In Barbadoes we find the will of Elizabeth, wife of Nicholas Blake (merchant of London, and of Bishop's Mead, Kent), in 1663, in which their son Nicholas is mentioned, and their relatives Prideaux, Mortimer, Turville, and Wilson. In 1664, we find the marriage of the elder Nicholas Blake and Mrs. Mary Mussinden, and his marriage again with Mrs. Judith who died in 1667. He himself died in 1682. B. SOUTH SEA STOCK. Are there in the British Museum any printed documents containing lists of the holders of South Sea Stock at any time G. A. S. L. from 1711 to 1720? THE COBLER OF GLOCESTER. Can any reader of "N. & Q." give me information respecting the notable personage written of under this name, or who were the authors of the pamphlets respecting him, and the circumstances under which they were written? I have in my possession — "The Life and Death of Ralph Wallis the Cobler of Glocester: together with some inquiry into the Mystery of Conventicleism. London, printed by E. Okes for William Whitwood, 1670." And I perceive that the Collectanea Glocestriensia, in the possession of John Delafield Phelps, Esq., Chavenage House, contains in addition to this tract others, entitled "Room for the Cobler of Glocester and his Wife," "The Cobler of Glocester revived," and "The Young Cobler of Glocester, or Magna Charta - Discourse of between a poor Man and his Wife." But all I am able to gather from the first, which is the only one I have read, is, that a religious controversy was carried on with great violence, and that some controversialist at, or probably officially connected with, Glocester took part in it, and was soundly abused by an opponent in the above-mentioned imaginary biography. J. J. P. STENCH AND SMELL. "He observed that stink or stench meant no more than a strong impression on the olfactory nerves, and might be applied to substances of the most opposite qualities; that in the Dutch language stinken signified the most agreeable perfume as well as the most fetid odour, as appears in Van Vloudel's translation of Horace in that beautiful ode, Quis multa gracilis, &c. The words liquidis perfusus odoribus, he translates, van civet e moschata gestinken."-Humphry Clinker, vol. i. p. 28. ed. 1779. Is the above quotation genuine, or manufactured by Smollett for the occasion? I cannot find moschata in the Dutch dictionary; and the distinction between stinken and rieken is as clearly marked as in stench and smell, stinken having always a bad meaning, and rieken generally a good one. The words do not run like verse. Is Van Vloudel a Dutch author? E. M. ARMORIAL. — In the old moated house of the Wallers at Groombridge, by Tonbridge Wells, there is a painting of a female with the following armorial bearings: Per pale, 1. Azure a maunch argent, a crescent cadency. 2. Sable a fess between three sheep or animals resembling them, argent. Also, on another picture are three coats withPer pale, dexter, Waller; middle, a saltire engrailed ermine between four roundels, on a chief a doe couchant sinister, on three bends eight martlets, 3, 2, 1. If any correspondent can inform the writer to whom the above armorial bearings belong he will much oblige ARMIGER. SENEX'S "MAP OF IRELAND."-I have a goodsized and rather well-executed map, entitled "A New Map of Ireland, from the latest Observation," by John Senex, and "inscrib'd to the Right Hon. Simon Lord Lovat, &c., 1720." Were any other maps issued by the same individual? Авива. ANGLIN LACOUNT. - Is the name 66 Anglin" known as an original English, Scotch, or Irish name? And if so, to what locality does it belong? If not, is it known as a French name, or as a Scandinavian one? Is the name "Lacount" to be found in the British Isles ? G. A. S. L. ROBERT REMINGTON, of Peterhouse, B.A. 157980, was subsequently knighted, and made President of Munster. He was the younger brother of Richard Remington, successively archdeacon of Cleveland and the East Riding of York. Any farther particulars relative to Sir Robert Remington will be acceptable to C. H. & THOMPSON COOPER. Cambridge. VOWEL SOUNDS. - Is there any work in existence tracing the change of sound which the vowels have undergone since printing was introduced? In such words as Aaron, Naaman, Caaba, Canaan, Salaam, Baal, Kraal, was not the double a intended to represent the sound " ay," as in "day"? And ought not the accent to fall on the J. J. S. syllable which contains the double a ? ALFIERI.-Who is the author of an English interlinear translation of Merope, according to the Hamiltonian system, published about thirty years since? Is there an English translation of Orestes by Mr. W. R. Wright, in the second edition of Hora Ionicæ and other Poems, London, 1816 ? A. Z. MAELSTROM.-Where shall I find the following line? "He looked down on the Maelstrom and the men in misery." H. M. PARKER. INTERLUDES.-In the Amateurs' Magazine, published about the end of 1855 and 1856, I find the titles of the following interludes and dramatic sketches:-No. IV. Nov. 1855, "Furnished Apartments," an interlude. Same number, "Two Scenes in a Cathedral." No. V. Dec. 1855, "The Lucky Picture," an interlude. No. VI. "A Scene in a Scottish University." As I cannot obtain a sight of this publication, could you oblige me by giving the names or initials of the authors, if these are to be found in the magazine? A. Z. THE REAY COUNTRY.-Will you allow me, through your "N. & Q.," to ask, How first came the name of the Reay Country to be so designated, its original name having been, as you are aware, Strathnaver, from Strath, in Scotch a valley, and Naver, the river which watered it, or ran through it ? Did the first proprietor or tenant-in-chief give his name to it? or was it called the Reay Country from the reays, or red deer which run over it, the Anglo-Saxon name for a roe deer being ra? I saw something in your Notes in relation to it some time ago, but nothing accounting for the name. Therefore perhaps you will indulge my curiosity, and insert the Query in another form? ONE RAY. RANDLE COTGRAVE, of Cheshire, admitted scholar of St. John's College, Cambridge, on the Lady Margaret's foundation, 10th Nov. 1587, is author of a French and English Dictionary, published 1611, and subsequently reprinted several times. We shall be glad of any information respecting him. Was he son of Hugh Cotgrave, Richmond Herald, who died in or about 1584 ? C. H. & THOMPSON COOPER. RICHARDS'S WELCH DICTIONARY.-I have lately met with a Welch and English Dictionary by Thomas Richards, curate of Coychurch, published at Bristol in 1753. It seems a valuable and wellexecuted compilation, so far as a stranger can judge. It is doubtless, however, well known to your British readers, and I shall feel obliged if they will communicate to "N. & Q." their opinion of the book, as a work of authority or otherwise. C. “ALBION MAGAZINE.”—A magazine under the title of the Albion Magazine was published about the year 1829, under the editorship of Mr. J. B. Revis, I believe in Liverpool. If any correspondent of "N. & Q." has a copy of the first number, I should feel very much obliged by the loan of it for a few days. WILLIAM J. THOMS. 40. St. George's Square, Belgrave Road, S.W. CHARLES JOHNSTON. - Where may I find any biographical particulars of Charles Johnston, or Johnson, the author of Chrysal; or, the Adventures of a Guinea? Watkins does not give much respecting him in his Biographical Dictionary ; and the "Sketch of the Author's Life," prefixed to (I believe) the last edition of Chrysal (3 vols. 12mo. London, 1822), is not much more explicit. Wills, in his Lives of Illustrious and Distinguished Irishmen, gives him only six or seven lines (vol. vi. p. 211.). ABHBA. tory of church music into three parts: the first finishes at the pontificate of St. Gregory; the second goes as far as the fifteenth century; and the third to his own time. In 1784, he published a work of more importance, under the title of "Scriptores Ecclesiastici de Musicâ Sacrâ, potissimum ex variis Italiæ, Galliæ, et Germaniæ Codicibus collecti." 3 vols. 4to. This is a collection of all the ancient authors who have written on music, from the third century to the invention of printing, and whose works had remained in manuscript. Forkel has given an analysis of it in his Histoire de la Musique. Gerbert died in 1793.] "KING'S PREROGATIVE IN IMPOSITIONS."-Can you acquaint me with the name of the "late learned judge " who wrote or delivered the following discourse : "A learned and necessary argument to prove that each subject hath a propriety in his Goods. Shewing also the Goods of Merchants exported and imported out of and extent of the King's Prerogative in Impositions upon the into this Kingdom. Together with a remonstrance presented to the King's most excellent Majesty by the Honorable House of Commons in the Parliament holden Anno Dom. 1610, Annoq. Regis Jacobi, 7. By a late Richard Bishop for John Burroughes, and are to be sold learned Judge of this Kingdome. London. Printed by at his Shop at the signe of the Golden Dragon neare the Inner Temple gate in Fleet street, 1641." EDW. YORK. [This work is by Sir Henry Yelverton, appointed Judge of the Common Pleas, May 10, 1625. This learned argument, though written in 1610, was not published till 1641, eleven years after the author's death, and republished in 12mo. 1658. It was edited by J. B., i. e. John Brydall. See Foss's Judges of England, vi. 389., for a valuable biographical notice of this eminent judge. Consult also our last volume, p. 382.] [In 1720, the Austrians added Sicily to the kingdom of Naples. But the war of 1734, waged by France and with this appendage, to a scion of the royal house of Spain against Austria, transferred the crown of Naples, Spain (the Infant Don Carlos), the new monarch assuming the title of "King of the Two Sicilies." Hence the Regno delle due Sicilie," "Royaume des deux Siciles," &c. terms " The application of the term "Sicily" to the kingdom of Naples as well as to Sicily the island is due to the historical fact or tradition that a people called "Siculi " inhabited for a while the South of Italy, passed over into Sicily, and there settled.] OLD TOM. What is the origin of "Old Tom " as applied to cordial gin? ANON. [When Messrs. Hodges, the celebrated distillers, carried on business at Millbank, they had a partner camed Thomas Chamberlain, who manufactured the gin, and as the firm were patronised by Thomas Norris when he left their service and opened a gin palace in Great Russell Street, Covent Garden, out of respect to his former master he christened the cordial "Old Tom."] OLERON. Whence does the French island so called derive its name? G. J. S. [As former names of this island, Expilly, in his Dict. Geog iii. 860., gives Ularius, or Olario; and Forbiger, in his Handb. der alt. Geog. iii. 172., gives Uliarus, or Olarionensis Insula, referring for the former to Plin. 4. 19. 33., and for the latter to Sidon. Apoll. Ep. 8. 6. According to Valesius, an excellent authority, Üliarus is the more ancient name (Notit. Gall., 1675, p. 616.) The town of Oleron (in the Lower Pyrenees) was formerly Oloro, Eloro, or Iloro, and still more anciently Civitas Elloronensium.] TOADS FOUND ALIVE IN STONE Coffins, etc. At Fountains Abbey, in Yorkshire, a large stone coffin is shown to the visitor; and he is expected to believe that upon its being opened (after lying buried for centuries) a large toad crawled out. And I have heard several workmen most positively declare that upon breaking one of the round ironstone nodules (common in certain coal mines), they found it similarly occupied ; and that in this instance the toad crawled a few yards on the ground, and immediately died. Perhaps some of the readers of " N. & Q." will be able to furnish more authentic accounts of this curious and interesting phenomenon. H. F. [It is a well known fact in natural history that the toad, like many other amphibia, can support a long abstinence, and requires but a small quantity of air; Dr. Shaw, however, questions the accounts generally given of such animals discovered in stones, wood, &c. after the lapse of many years, as will be seen in the following extract from his General Zoology, vol. iii. pt. i. p. 144. (edit. 1802): "It might seem unpardonable to conclude the history of this animal without mentioning the very extraordinary circumstance of its having been occasionally discovered inclosed or imbedded, without any visible outlet, or even any passage for air, in the substance of wood, and even in that of stone or blocks of marble. For my own part, I have no hesitation in avowing a very high degree of scepticism as to these supposed facts, and in expressing my suspicions that proper attention, in such cases, was not paid to the real situation of the animal.... The general run of such accounts must be received with a great many grains of allowance for the natural love of the marvellous, the surprise excited by the sudden appearance of the animal in an unsuspected place, and the consequent neglect of minute attention at the moment to the surrounding parts of the spot where it was discovered." The French Academy, in 1771, enclosed three toads in as many boxes, which were immediately covered with a thick coat of plaster or mortar, and kept in the apartments of the Academy. On opening these boxes eighteen months afterwards, two of the toads were found still living; these were immediately reinclosed, but upon being again opened some months after were found dead.] Replies. COLLEGE SALTING. (1st S. i. ii. v. vi. passim.) No satisfactory account of the origin of the custom of college salting has as yet been given in reply to the inquiries made in the first and sub sequent volumes of the 1st Series of "N. & Q." Nevertheless it has been considered, even by ecclesiastical writers, of sufficient importance for discussion, as will be found by the reader who consults that cyclopædia of amusement, Dornavii Amphitheatrum Sapientia Socraticæ Joco-Seria, containing four articles on the "Depositio in Academiis usitata," which, as your valuable correspondent DR. RIMBAULT has remarked, included the ceremony referred to. As this book is become extremely rare, I shall extract some passages from the original Latin, which show the antiquity and religious origin of this "scholastica militia." Of one containing a description of the tricks played upon Freshmen, I venture to subjoin a transla tion: "Verba Gregorii Nazianzeni breviter contracta, quoniam multam doctrinam continent, subjicio. Quando aliquem (Atheniensis academiæ docti viri) nacti sunt, inquit, discipulum, ridiculum sane quem in modum illum exagitent aut deludant, ut ejus fastum et arrogantiam (si quam forte habet) exstinguant, et humanum, ac facilem reddant." countries, and the end contemplated, viz. to conHe then compares the initiations in various sider how the nature of the novitiates "sorteth with professions and courses of life:". "Exposui hactenus causas, ut pollicitus sum; sequitur typus. Depositio est ritus in scholis usitatus a majoribus institutus lusui jocoso non absimilis, ostendens omnes eas difficultates atque calamitates quas quemque ex Dei optimi altissimique voluntate, aut concessione ferre convenit, atque adeo oportet in hac sua scholastica militia." He confirms this signification of the ceremonies by an interesting anecdote in the life of Luther, related by Johannes Matthesius. Of the particular ceremony, which was originally referred to by DR. MAITLAND (1st S. i. 261. “College Salting"), our author supplies the same symbolism as that in 1st S. ii. 151. ́ ́But in juxta-position with "sal doctrinæ et sapientiæ symbolum," is "wine which maketh glad the heart of man," as in the plate described by DR. RIMBAULT (1st S. i. 492.) : "Sicut ille (sal) in cibis paulo liberalius aspersus, si tamen non sit immodicus, adfert aliquid propriæ voluptatis. ita per hunc adumbrata omnium actionum sapiens institutio quiddam habet quod potiundi sitim facit. Hæc aurea mediocritas est per subsequentis in ritu de quo agimus vini adhibitionem indicata. enim mediocritatis norma servata adhibitum cor hominis Hoc exhilarat, in excessu ridiculos, bellicosos, lachrymosos et sordidos ciet affectus. . . . Usus itaque vini modum, opportunitatem, locum atque tempus in decoro sapientiæ usu salis monstratæ denotat. ne inconcinni videamur." (Compare Bacon's Advancement of Learning, book viii. chap. ii., and the authorities cited by Shaw, in Devey's edition, p. 298.) In the next article Martin Luther inculcates the usefulness of these humiliations (depositiones), as præludia of the cares and dangers of life. The Dialogue of Jacobus Pontanus, from which the concluding extract is taken, is followed by hexameter and iambic verses by Fridericus Widebramus: "On my first entrance," says Narcissus, "some of them salute me as the Prince of Freshmen (Archibeanus); others grin and jeer; some derisively point their middle finger; at length they all crowd around me, and pluck me as birds do an owl. I was forced to lie down on my back, stretched out and motionless like a corpse. I was most liberally thrashed on my legs, arms, and ribs, nay, on my whole body, and nicely adjusted with hatchet, adze, and axe, as if I were a beam of timber. It is therefore no wonder you think me thinner than I was yesterday or the day before, since I have lost considerably by these chipping operations.* Then these kind barbers shaved me, although as yet I am guiltless of a beard; they doused my head in cold water, which I was myself forced to bring from the kitchen in a dirty copper kettle, whilst one of the merriest kept splashing the water in my face and shoving me forward. Afterwards I was combed down with a comb no finer than a rake, and which reminded me of the comb of Polyphemus in Ovid. As to the towel they rubbed me down with, its smoothness and softness corresponded with the rest of the toilet. And what is more, for such injuries and outrages as these, undeserved as they were, I had ever so much money to pay, to return thanks, and to take a formal oath that I would never seek to revenge myself. If I had not taken it, I could with difficulty refrain from returning their kindness in full to some of my more active torturers. . . . . Hear further an admirable trick. They placed before me an inkstand, with pens and paper, and bid me write something. When I attempted to open the inkstand, I found the lid was immoveable: the whole being one solid piece of wood turned in the shape of an inkstand. Hereupon one of them jumped up, and rapped me on the fingers with a stick. Ye Gods,' says he, this greenhorn has not yet learned how to open an inkstand.' They all roared. Verily my fingers itched to punch their heads. Then some rascal secretly thrust into my trowsers-pocket a letter supposed to be written by my mother, which he drew out and read aloud before them all amidst the most uproarious laughter from himself and his companions. The contents were as follows:- My mother lamented my absence, and consoled me in the most silly and weak manner: saying how carefully she had nursed, how often kissed her sweetest child, how carefully she had brought me up, and how she had made me her darling all my life, calling me her little angel, her sweet lambkin, her chickabiddy sweeter than honey; Then she added that she could not sleep at night, and that she shed floods of tears every day on account of the torments she had heard I must suffer in this depositio. Of course this epistle was concocted and written by my tormentors themselves. How they enjoyed it-they almost burst with laughter; they thrust the letter into my face. How they knocked me about! I had rather die than go through it again. If I had known what I had to undergo, I would have gone where there are schools in which nothing of this sort is allowed." BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. "Si qua dante Deo tam crasso e stipite possim, "Ut hunc novum ceu militem “COQUELINER." (2nd S. ix. 88. 234. 454.) It is rather strange that your correspondent R. S. Q. should oppose to the very highest authority on a matter of pure French philology, quoted by me as to the meaning of coqueliner, the English authority of Dr. Samuel Pegge, referring to another English authority, Cotgrave! Pegge and Cotgrave versus the French Academy, on the meaning of a French word! Just reverse the case. Suppose an appeal to a French critic from the decisions of Johnson, Richardson, or Webster, on the signification of a purely English word. The inconvenance would be at once apparent; and yet the Académie is of greater authority as to French than any individual lexicographer here as to English. The Dictionnaire de l'Académie, as I observed, altogether ignores the word in the original work. from the press of Firmin Didot Frères, printers But some twenty years ago (in 1842) there issued to the French Institute, a most learned production, which, it would appear, is not yet much known in England. This is the Complément du Dictionnaire de l'Académie Française, published under the auspices of the Academy, and under the immediate direction of one of its members, assisted by twenty collaborateurs, consisting of the most distinguished savans, and whose names appear on the title-page. It is nearly as voluminous as the original work, containing not less than 1281 pages of large quarto size, and each page having four columns of small print. Now a part of the plan is to introduce all old, quaint, and obsolete words; and these may be counted in the book by thousands, for there are on an average, I think, at least twenty in a page, marked "V. lang" (vieux langage). Coqueliner is consequently admitted, with its sole meaning, the crowing of a cock. The work is preceded by a very learned philological disquisition from the pen of M. Barré, Professor of Philosophy, in which, among other things, the merits of all previous lexicographers are discussed. And is our own Randle Cotgrave there mentioned? He is, and with very high commendation, as he deserves to be; for assuredly his Dictionary is excellent. But still, being an Englishman-employed also, I will observe in passing, as secretary to William Cecil, Lord Burleigh he was liable to mistakes, of which M. Barré gives the following curious specimen : - "La nomenclature de Cotgrave est riche; on pourrait même dire qu'elle est exubérante: car des mots créés par mutilation et addition de lettres ou de syllabes y figurent quelquefois. On y trouve, par exemple, le pretendu mot ARCOTIC, traduit par benumbing, soporifique: c'est évidemment une partie du mot narcotique, écrit autrefois narcotic; et de cette location un narcotic une oreille mal exercée, ou tout à fait Britannique, aura fait celle-ci-un arcotic."-Preface, p. xvi. The edition of Cotgrave's Dictionary examined |