Judith, wife of Lewis the Pious, 391;

twice forced into a convent, 395-7.
Julian, bishop of Toledo, 228, 231.
Julius Nepos, his kingdom, 6;
murdered, 13.

Justin I., emperor, 53; persecutes
the Arians, 30; death, 54.

II., emperor, 145; Avaric wars
of, 146; Persian wars of, 147; his
lunacy, 148.

Justinian 1., nephew and colleague of
Justin, 53; emperor, 65; charac-
ter of, 65; marries Theodora, 65;
foreign policy of 68; first Persian
war, 69; Nika sedition, 71;
subdues the Vandals, 76-9; Gothic
wars of, 81-88; his buildings, 89-'
90; financial oppression, 90; second
Persian war, 93; theological views
of, 107; legal work of, 109-10.

II., emperor, 249; wars of,
249-250; dispute with pope Sergius,
278; dethroned and banished, 251;
escapes, 252; regains throne, 253:
his tyranny and death, 253.

KARLINGS, table of the, 413.
Kassim-ibn-Yussuf summons Charles
the Great to Spain, 352.
Khaled, Saracen chief, 217, 218.
Khazars invade Persia, 211; receive
Justinian II., 252.

Killian, missionary to Thuringia,
263.

Kobad, king of Persia, wars of with
Anastasius, 48; with Justinian, 68.
Koran, the, 215.

LAFAUX, battle of, 172, 260.
Lambert of Spoleto, king of Italy,
464; war with Arnulf, 461-465;
death, 465.

Lantfrid, duke of Suabia, 290.
Lauresheim, chronicle of, 373.
Leander, bishop of Seville, 138.
Leo I., emperor, 36.

— III., the Isaurian, emperor,
255; defends Constantinople, 301,
303; his edict against images, 281;
310; quarrels with Gregory 11. and
III., 282, 284; victories over Sara-
cens, 311.

— IV., the Khazar, his reign and
wars, 317.

v., the Armenian, his usurpa-
tion 482; his Bulgarian war, 482;

represses image-worship, 483:
murdered, 484.

Leo VI., the Wise, character and
reign of, 494; his literary works,
494.

III., pope, delivered by Charles
the Great, 372; crowns Charles
emperor, 373; death, 387.

IV., pope, his victory over the
Saracens, 451.

Leodegar (St. Leger), his rebellion,
258; rules Neustria, 259; murdered
by Ebroin, 259.

Leon, the kingdom of, 509.
Leontius, emperor, 251, 253.
Leova I., Visigothic king, 134.

II., Visigothic king, 143, 221.
Leovigild, Visigothic king, 132, 135;
his wars, 136-139; death. 140.
Lewis the Pious (or Débonnair) son
of Charles the Great, king of Aqui-
taine, 359; conquers Barcelona,
364; emperor, 383; legislation of,
385-387; peril, 388; makes Partition
of Aachen, 389; second marriage
of, 391; twice deposed by rebel-
lious sons, 393, 399; his last war,
401; death, 403.

the German, king of Bavaria,
389; rebels against his father, 396,
401; war with Lothair I., 407-408;
with Charles the Bald, 422; con-
quers and loses Neustria, 426;
rebellions of his sons, 427; his
influence in Germany, 433; death;
434,

II., emperor, 423; wars with his
brother Lothair, 425; his dealings
with the Papacy, 451-452; cam-
paigns against the Moors, 457; im-
prisoned at Benevento, 457; further
victories over the Moors, 458;
death, 459.

the Saxon, rebels against his
father, 427; defeats Charles the
Bald, 434; attacks Neustria, 436;
his wars with the Danes, 438:
death, 439.

II. (the Stammerer), king of
France, short reign of, 436.

III., king of France, 430; his
wars with the Danes, 438; victory
of Saucourt, 439; death, 439.

the Child, king of Germany,
472; his reign, 472-474.

king of Arles, 445; invades

Italy, 466; blinded by Berengar,
466.

Liberius invades Spain, 133.
Lithosoria, battle of, 316.
Liutprand, Lombard king, 281; con-
quers the Exarchate, 282; arbi-
trates between pope and exarch,
284; aids Charles Martel against
Saracens, 285; quarrels with
Gregory III., 285; death, 287.
Logothetes, oppression by the, 90, 96.
Lombards, origin of the, 182; con-

quer Northern Italy, 184-188; con-
verted to Christianity, 193; table
of Lombard kings, 183; dealings
of, with the Papacy, 272-288; con-
quered by Charles the Great, 344-
348.

Lothair 1., son of Lewis the Pious,
389; his rebellions against his
father, 394-396; reconciled with
Lewis, 402; emperor, 406; wars
with his brother, 407; defeated at
Fontenay, 408; troubles with the
Vikings, 419; allied with Charles
the Bald, 421; abdicates, 422.

II., quarrels with his brothers,
425; wars with the Vikings, 428;
allied to Charles the Bald, 425;
matrimonial troubles of, 428;
death, 431.

Lotharingia, name of, 428.

Louvain, battle of, 469.

Lügenfeld, the, 397.

Luitbert, Lombard king, 279-280.
Luitpold, duke of Bavaria, slain by
Magyars, 474.

Lüneberg Heath, battle of, 438.
Lupus, Gascon duke, 337.
Lycandus, theme of, 494.

MAGYARS, appearance of the, 471;
ravage Italy, 465; their attacks on
Germany, 471; slay Luitpold of
Bavaria, 474; further ravages of, 476.
Mallus, Frankish court, 175, 378.
Mantua, taken by Lombards, 194.
Manuel, takes Alexandria, 237.
March of Spain won by Charles the

Great, 365; development of, 508.
Marchfield, assembly of Franks, 269.
Martin I., pope, disputes with Con-

stans II., 244, 376; banished, 277.
Martina, wife of Heraclius, 218; her
intrigues, 235; banished, 236,
Maurice, victories of, 149; emperor,

150; Persian war, 150-151; Avaric
war, 151-152; Slavonic war, 153;
dethroned and murdered, 154,
Mayors of the Palace, their office,

123; rising power of, 176; table
of, 260; supersede kings, 259.
Mehdy, caliph, invades empire, 317.
Merovech marries Brunhildis, 165;

murdered by Fredegundis, 166.
Merovings, their government, 121-
127; table of the, 166; end of the
dynasty, 326.

Mersen, partition-treaty of, 432.
Mesopotamia attacked by Persians,
92; conquered by Persians, 155:
by Saracens, 220; ravaged by East
Romans, 493.

Mezecius, usurper in Sicily, 246.
Michael I., Rhangabe, emperor, 364;
481; restores image-worship, 481;
deposed, 482.
II., the Amorian, conspires
against Leo v., emperor, 484; civil
wars of, 484; loss of Crete and
Sicily, 485; ecclesiastical policy of,
485.

III., the Drunkard, long minority
of, 489; depravity of, 490; wars of,
491; murdered by Basil the Mace-
donian, 492.

Missi Dominici, travelling commis-
sioners of Charles the Great, 378,
Missionaries in Germany, 263, 291-
330,

Mofareg-ibn-Salem, Moorish king in
Italy, 452; conquered by Lewis II.,
457.
Mohammed, his character, 213;
career of, 214-215.

Mohammedanism, its good and evil
points, 214-215.

Monophysite heresy, the, 38, 45, 50.
Monothelite heresy, 241, 276; con-
demned by Council of Constanti-
nople, 248, 278.

Monza, Basilica of, 193; relics in, 226.
Moors rebel against Hunneric, 11;
against Hilderic, 75; conquered
by Saracens, 233; invade Spain,
234; their rule in Spain, 234, 506-
510; invade Italy, 450; defeated
by Lewis II., 457-458; expelled by
Berengar, 466,

Moslemah besieges Constantinople,

255, 301.

Moslems. See Saracens,

Muavia, governor of Syria, 239;
caliph, 245; his wars with Con-
stans, 245.

Mummolus, general of Guntram,
defeats the Lombards, 163, 187;
rebellion of, 170.

Musa, governor of Africa, 234,

NANTHILDIS, queen regent, 180.
Naples besieged by Belisarius, 82;
by Baduila, 98; dealings of, with
Moors, 461.

Narbonne held by Saracens, 271;
taken by Pippin the Short, 331.
Narses reinforces Belisarius, 86; con-
quers the Goths, 102, 105; legend
of his message to Lombards, 184,
Navarre, kingdom of, 509.
Neustria, origin of name of, 187.
See under names of kings.
Nicaea, Council of, confirms image
worship, 318.

Nicephorus 1., emperor, 320; war
with Charles the Great, 363; his
Saracen and Bulgarian wars, 479-
480; his ecclesiastical policy, 479;
slain in battle, 480,

Caesar, rebellions of, 317, 318.
Phocas, conquers South Italy,

460.
Nicetas of Tarsus defends Syracuse,
460.

Oriphas, admiral, defeats the
Moors, 457,

Nicolas I., pope, his quarrel with
king Lothair, 428; his quarrel
with the patriarch Photius, 453;
uses the False Decretals, 454.
Nineveh, battle of, 211,
Nordalbingians, wars of, with Charles

the Great, 349, 360, 366.
Noricum, evacuated by Odoacer, 14.
Norsemen. See Vikings,

ODO, defends Paris, 440; proclaimed
king of France, 444; Viking wars
of, 495-496; civil wars with Charles
the Simple, 498; death, 499.
Odoacer, Flavius, patrician, in Italy,
1; his position, 4; wars of, 13, 14;
defeated by Theodoric, 15; slain,

Papacy, power of the, 198-199;
growth of importance of, 276; its
struggles with the emperors, 276-
279; relations of, with Charles the
Great, 374.

Paris sacked by Danes, 420; again,
425; fortified by Charles the Bald,
430; repels the Danes, 442; fourth
siege of, 498.

Paul the Deacon, 185, 244, 379-380.
Paulus, Visigothic count, rebellion of,
229.

Pavia, Gothic stronghold, 96; taken
by Alboin, 185; besieged by Pippin,
329, 331; taken by Charles the
Great, 347-348.

Pelagius, king of Asturias, resists
the Moors, 507.

Peredeo slays Alboin, 185.

Persian war of Anastasius, 48-49; of
Justinian, 68-69, 92-96, 107; of
Justin and Tiberius, 147-148; of
Maurice, 150; of Phocas, 153; of
Heraclius, 205-212; of the Sara-
cens, 219.

Peter of Pisa, 341, 379.

Philippicus, usurper, 253; his quarrel
with Gregory II., 279.

Phocas dethrones and

murders

Maurice, 153; disastrous reign of,
154, 155; slain, 157.
Phoenix, battle of, 159.

Photius, patriarch, his quarrel with
the Papacy, 453, 492.
Pippin 1. the elder, 174; Mayor of
the Palace, 179.

II., the Younger, leads the
Austrasians against Ebroin, 260;
his victory at Testry, 260; his

government, 261, 263; death,
264.
Pippin III., the Short, Mayor of
Neustria, 298; his wars, 323;
ecclesiastical reforms, 324, 330;
king of the Franks, 325; crowned
by the pope, 329; Lombard wars,
328-330; his gift of the Exarchate
to the pope, 331; conquers Nar-
bonne and Aquitaine, 331-332;
death, 333.

son of Charles the Great,
ruler of Lombardy, 359; conquers
the Avars, 362; death, 377.

son of Lewis the Pious, king
of Aquitaine, 389; rebels against
Lewis, 394-396; death, 401.

the younger, of Aquitaine, dis-
inherited by Lewis the Pious, 401-
402; fights at Fontenay, 407; wars
of, with Charles the Bald, 419-421;
turns heathen, 431; imprisoned for
life, 431.

Pistres, edict of, 429.

Plague, great, of A.D. 542, 94.
Plectrudis, wife of Pippin II., 265-
267.

Poictiers, battle of, 271, 293-294. ̧
Pretextatus, bishop, 165; murdered
by Fredegundis, 168.

Procopius, historian, Secret His-
tory of, 67.

Protadius, Mayor of Burgundy, 171-
173.

Provence, kingdom of. See Arles.

Recceswinth, Visigothic king, 226-
267.

Reginald, count of Hainault, rebels
against Zwentibold, 470; leagued
with Charles the Simple, 474.
Reginbert, duke of Turin, rebels
against Luitbert, 279.

Rhazates, Persian general, 211.
Rhodes captured by Saracens, 239.
Rimini taken by Belisarius, 85; by
Luitprand, 282.

Ripuarian Franks, 56; subdued by
Chlodovech, 59.

Robert the Strong, slain by Vikings,
496.

duke of France, submits to
Charles the Simple, 499; fights the
Vikings, 501; usurpation of, 503;
slain in battle, 504.

Roderic, Visigothic king, 231-233.
Rodoald, Lombard king, 198.
Roland (Hruotland), Chanson de, 353.
Rome taken by Belisarius, 82; be-
sieged by Witiges, 83-84; taken
by Baduila, 99; recovered by Beli-
sarius, 101; retaken by Baduila,
102; taken by Narses, 104; ruled
by Gregory the Great, 201-202;
visited by Constans, 245; its im-
portance in the 7th century, 276;
Council of, 284; besieged by Lom-
bards, 346; threatened by Saracens,
451; stormed by Arnulf, 464.
Romuald, duke of Benevento, 244,
273; victories of, 274.
Romulus Augustulus, deposed, 1.
Roncesvalles, battle of, 353.
Rorik, Danish chief, 419.

Rosamund, wife of Alboin, 183;
murders him, 185.

Rothari, Lombard king, 196; his
conquests and laws, 197.
Rothrudis, wife of Charles Martel, 298.
Rudolf, duke, rebels against Charles
the Simple, 503; king, 504.

I., king of Transjurane Bur-
gundy, 445; does homage to
Arnulf, 468.

II., dethrones Berenger, 467.
Rugians defeated by Odoacer, 14.
Rupert, St., converts the Bavarians,
263.

SAIONES, or 'king's men,' 22, 131.
Salerno, duchy of, 452; overrun by
Moors, 457.

PERIOD I.

2 L

Salian Franks, 56.
Samo, leader of Slavs, 177.
Saracens conquer Syria and Egypt,
214, 219; invade Africa, 238, 245;
take Carthage, 251; invade Spain,
234; cross the Pyrenees, 271;
ravage Gaul, 292; defeated at
Poictiers, 293; besiege Constanti-
nople, 301-303; wars with Charles
the Great, 352, 364, 365. See also

under Moors.
Saragossa, Franks defeated at, 129;
Charles the Great at, 352.
Saucourt, battle of, 439.
Saxons, defeat Chlothar I., 120; in-
vade Austrasia, 265; defeated by
Charles Martel, 267, 289, 297;
rebel against Pippin the Short, 323;
subdued by Pippin, 332; by Charles
the Great, 346, 351; later rebellions
of, 351, 354, 355, 366; rebel against
Lewis the German, 408; defeated
by the Danes, 434; rebel against
Conrad I., 476.

Schism of Eastern and Western
Churches, 453.

Sebastopolis, battle of, 250.
Secret History, the, 67, 68.
Senate, the Roman, sends embassy to
Zeno, I; trial of Boethius in, 30;
reorganised by Baduila, 102.
Sergius, patriarch, 207-208.

pope, refuses obedience to Jus-
tinian II., 278.

V., crowns the emperor Lewis
II., 423.

Sharbarz, Persian general, 205-210.
Sicard, of Benevento, murdered, 450.
Siconulf, first duke of Salerno, calls

in the Moors, 450-452.
Sicily conquered by Belisarius, 81;
Constans in, 245; attacked by the
Moors, 447; long wars in, 449;
finally reduced by Moors, 460.
Siegfred, Viking chief, 439; invades
Neustria, 441; besieges Paris,

Sigismund, king of Burgundy, 26-27,

114.

Silverius, pope, and the Senate invite
Belisarius to Romé, 83.

Siroes, king of Persia, murders his
father, 212.

Sisibut, Visigothic king, 222; his
chronicle, 222; reign of, 223.
Sisinand rebels against Swinthila,
179, 224; made king, 225.
Slavs, cross the Danube, 151-152; wars
of, with the Franks, 178; with
Lombards, 195; settle in Balkan
peninsula, 240; defeated by Con-
stans, 241; conquered by Bul-
garians, 248; subdued by Constan-
tine V., 315; rebel against Irene,
318; on the Baltic, 360; conquered
by Charles the Great, 360-362; re-
volt from the Franks, 409-414; sub-
dued by Arnulf, 470.

Soissons, battle of, 267; council of,

326; Robert of France slain at, 504.
Soliman, caliph, 254; sends expedi-
tion against Constantinople, 255,