of greatest danger are shaded, will serve to explain, for both hemispheres, what is here meant. Within the Tropics, whilst the course of storms tend towards the west, the quadrants of greatest danger will be on the west side of the storm. But these quadrants will gradually change their relative positions as the storms recurve, which they generally appear to do in the space from the Tropics to the thirtieth degree of latitude. In high latitudes, where the courses of storms become easterly, these quadrants of greatest danger come to be on the east side of the storm. Captain Andrews, commander of one of the Royal Mail steamers, pointed out to me, that by keeping the wind on the starboard-quarter when in a revolving storm, in the northern hemisphere, ships gradually sailed from the storm's centre. And by keeping the wind on the port-quarter, when in the southern hemisphere, ships gradually sailed from the centre of a revolving storm. This rule applies to three quarters of the storm's circle. But care should be taken lest in its application, a ship be carried into what has been called the quadrant of greatest danger, and before the centre of the advancing storm. The practical seaman knows that a ship is difficult to steer during a storm, and in a high sea, with the wind on the quarter. The Racer brig of war upset when steering two points and a half abaft the beam, when under bare poles in a hurricane NEW CHARTS. Published by the Admiralty, and Sold by R. B. Bate, 21, Poultry, in September 1849. SHEDIAC BAY AND HARBOUR, (New Brunswick) Capt. Bayfield, R.N., 1839. 1 6 Bedeque HarboOUR, (Prince Edward Island) Capt. Bayfield, R.N., 1841. 1 6 PORTS FITZROY AND PLEASANT, (Falkland Islands) Capt. B. Sulivan, KINTANG CHANNEL, ditlo. ditto. 1843. ... PORT BOWEN, (Australia) Capt. F. Blackwood, R.N., 1843. ditto. H.M.S. ARROGANT.-A clever lithograph has been published of this splendid ship from a painting by Lieut. Thomas, R.N., of Portsmouth, whose skill in marine drawing is highly approved by all who are acquainted with his pictures. Mr. Thomas's portraits of Her Majesty's ships are celebrated for their fidelity; and he possesses the art of representing them under their most picturesque views,-all the minor detail of geer, and peculiarities of form, so important to accuracy being attended to with the eye of the seaman artist. The view of the Arrogant represents that ship leaving Portsmouth harbour under the command of Captain FitzRoy, which ship being a screw steam ship of the largest dimensions of the frigate class, there is a character about her which the pencil of Lieut. Thomas has very happily preserved, and an interest which his picture is well calculated to maintain. CHART OF THE ATLANTIC.-Lieut. Maury of the United States Navy has constructed a chart of the Atlantic, the purpose of which is to shew the limits of the trade winds, variables, and calms throughout the year. The design is very fairly carried out when it is considered how much is to be expressed on a single sheet. An examination of a multitude of logs has enabled him to mark the place on the chart where vessels have crossed those limits every month of the year, to which he has allowed a range of five degrees of longitude. Hence the limit for any month is traced easily through the successive portions of longitude, and enables a vessel to know in what latitude according to her longitude, she may expect to find it. The different regions of trades and calms are distinguished by colour, and in the hands of the careful navigator it will be appreciated. METEOROLOGICAL REGISTER. Kept at Croom's Hill, Greenwich, by Mr. W. Rogerson, Royal Observatory, From the 21st August to the 20th of September, 1849. August 1849.-Mean height of the barometer 30010 inches; mean temperature degrees; depth of rain fallen 0'42 inches. 62-9 TO OUR FRIENDS AND CORRESPONDENTS.—In reply to several enquiries, the new edition of Raper's Navigation will be published within a month. Hunt, Printer, Old Church Street, Edgware Road. THE NAUTICAL MAGAZINE AND Naval Chronicle. NOVEMBER 1849. ON THE GEOLOGICAL FEATURES of the GooDWIN SANDS, AND ADJACENT SHOALS. THE substratum of these celebrated and much dreaded shoals, having been at length determined, through the persevering energies of the officers and servants of the Trinity Corporation, under the instructions of Sir J. H. Pelly, Bart., Deputy-Master, it may be interesting to examine how far this discovery coincides with the long received opinions of geologists and antiquarians relative to cause and effect, which may have originated their present state and condition. And first, Geologically.-It has been evident to many, who with myself had local opportunities of investigation, as to tides, and their deposits, the abrasion of our chalk cliffs, and their annual waste, together with the substratum bored through in Minster level, for Artesian wells, that the Goodwin Sands were a ridge of chalk forming an inclined plane (with little deviation in the Gull stream,) of the nearest shore of the Ìsle of Thanet; the several small shoals and patches, together with the Brake Sand, being similar ridges of chalk, and together creating the numerous eddies, which have been the means of clothing their summits, in some places with flint boulders and shingle, and at others (like the Goodwin) with a clean live sand, of many miles in extent without a particle of extraneous matter. These chalk ridges being a continuance of the Thanet cliffs, formed the eastern side of the estuary of Ruechboro', and the channel of the Stour or Wantsume. The Southford land and its hills forming the opposite shore, and the dip of these chalk downs NO. 11.-VOL. XVIII. 4 C beneath the Minster level constituting what is appropriately called the Sandwich Basin. Beginning then at the highest land at Mount Pleasant near the Minster mills, in the Isle of Thanet, we have a clinal angle from which there appears to have been a subsidence of the chalk strata, inclining more or less to the outscarps of that island in every direction; and the dislocations called slips, in the face of the chalk-pits and cliffs, appear to give evidence of earthquake at some remote period. Similar convulsions of more recent date have left their traces in more than one of our church towers. Some very interesting statements, have occasionally been made to the Geological Society, one of which will be found in their Reports, January 17th, 1838, by Mr. John Morris. That gentleman's paper describes a subsidence of 21 feet, in 340 paces, between Ramsgate and Cliffs End in Pegwell Bay, and these facts render it probable, that the Goodwin was once an island, and in common with others upon the opposite or Belgic coast, submerged by earthquake and tempest. Mr. Morris gives from data obtained, the waste of the present cliffs at three feet annually: the half of that waste during the last five centuries would carry the Ramsgate boundary over the nearest shoal, called the Dyke, which is a mass of flint boulders formed by the abrasion of these cliffs, and the scouring of the tide over a chalk bottom. The average height of the Ramsgate cliffs are 60 feet; their chalk base continued out, towards the North Goodwin, deepens gradually into 60 feet; together 120 feet. Then the mound of the Goodwin rises above the low water mark, and extends outwards about two miles, terminating precipitately; and in two miles still further out, will be found a depth of 210 feet water. Now, if we imagine the water drained away, the geological features would be (as will be shown hereafter by the cylinder sent down,) a chalk hill or mound of 130 feet, capped by a detritus of 80 feet of shelly shingle, terminating upwards to the surface in fine sand. A narrow valley, (the Gull stream,) lies between it and the Brake, which is another chalk mound, capped with coarser materials, and extending in small ridges or shoals to the Ramsgate Cliffs:-a section of these banks would closely resemble the excavated strata at Purfleet in the Thames, and the gradient extended onwards to Mount Pleasant, in Thanet, would show an altitude above the lowest depression, or submarine valley outside the Goodwin Sand of about 400 feet. Admitting then the fact of the dislocations investigated by Mr. Morris, it does not seem improbable, that the Goodwin Sand was an island, submerged in one of the severe convulsions recorded in Belgic, as well as in British history, and handed down by tradition. Changes still more extraordinary must have taken place at still more remote periods; or from what derivation are we to trace the gigantic specimens I have in my possession of teeth, tusks, and bones of the Mammoth and Rhinoceros, found in these submarine valleys between the shoals. Let us now compare the strata gone through at the Goodwin Sands, with the borings of the Mins ter |