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La répartition des divers Etats par groupes continentaux donne pour résultat:

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Pour compléter cette énumération des instruments diplomatiques, qui ont rendu hommage à l'idée pacificatrice de l'arbitrage, il nous reste à signaler les divers traités qui ont eu pour objet spécial d'organiser une procédure arbitrale permanente.

TRAITÉS D'ARBITRAGE PERMANENT

1880-09-03 Chili, Colombie.

1880-12-24 Colombie, Salvador.

1882--07-03 Saint-Domingue, Salvador.

1883-02-07 Salvador, Uruguay.

1883-10-27 Costa Rica, Salvador.

1886 -01- -19 Chili, Suisse.

1892-05-23 Guatemala, Honduras, Nica-
ragua, Salvador.

1898-07-23 Argentine, Italie.
1899-05-18 Brésil, Chili.
1899-06-08 Argentine, Uruguay.
1899-11-06 Argentine, Paraguay.

Enfin des tentatives importantes ont eu pour objet de faire de l'arbitrage la base d'unions entre de nombreux Etats. Le premier effort en ce sens date de 1883 et essaya de grouper l'Argentine, la Bolivie, la Colombie, l'Equateur, le Mexique, le Pérou, SaintDomingue, le Salvador et le Vénézuéla.

Le Premier Congrès Panaméricain aboutit également sous la date du 17 avril 1890 à la rédaction d'un projet d'arbitrage permanent, qui ne fut toutefois pas ratifié dans les délais prévus.

D'autre part des pourparlers eurent lieu, dans un but identique, entre les Etats-Unis d'Amérique et la Suisse en 1883 et entre les Etats-Unis d'Amérique et la Grande-Bretagne de 1891 à 1893.

Enfin la dernière et la plus notable tentative a certes été la Conférence Internationale de la Paix, qui siéga à La Haye du 18 mai au 29 juillet 1899 et qui réunit, lors de ses délibérations, les représentants de l'Allemagne, de l'Autriche-Hongrie, de la Belgique, de la Bulgarie, de la Chine, du Danemark, de l'Espagne, des Etats-Unis d'Amérique, de la France, de la Grande-Bretagne, de la Grèce, de l'Italie, du Japon, du

Luxembourg, du Mexique, du Monténégro, de la Norvège, des Pays-Bas, de la Perse, du Portugal, de la Roumanie, de la Russie, de la Serbie, du Siam, de la Suisse et de la Turquie.

Cette rapide revue de l'œuvre accomplie, pour substituer le règne du droit au recours à la force, doit faire pénétrer dans la pensée de tous cette conviction que le vingtième siècle ne se terminera pas sans voir se constituer enfin une Juridiction Internationale Permanente et se promulguer un Code de Droit Public International.

Puisse l'ouvrage que nous offrons à nos contemporains former le premier et modeste recueil d'une Jurisprudence Internationale sans cesse grandissante et pacificatrice. C'est une faible pierre que nous apportons au monument d'entente et de concorde que les peuples, lentement mais inlassablement, élèvent à la Justice.

PASICRISIE INTERNATIONALE.

HISTOIRE DOCUMENTAIRE

DES

ARBITRAGES INTERNATIONAUX.

1794-1900.

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due north, from the source of Sainte Croix river to the Highlands, along the said Highlands which divide those rivers that empty themselves into the river St. Lawrence, from those which fall into the Atlantic Ocean, to the north westernmost head of Connecticut river; thence down . .

East, by a line to be drawn along the middle of the river St. Croix, from its mouth in the Bay of Fundy to its source, and from its source directly north to the aforesa'd Highlands, which divide the rivers that fall into the Atlantic Ocean from those which fall into the river St. Lawrence; comprehending all islands

La commission arbitrale, chargée d'interpréter le texte prémentionné, fut instituée par l'article V du traité d'amitié, de commerce et de navigation du 19 novembre 1794.

1

Treaty of amity, commerce and navigation between the United Kingdom and the United States of America, signed at London, November 19, 1794.

ARTICLE V. Whereas doubts have arisen what river was truly intended under the name of the

1 CH. DE MARTENS et F. DE CURSY. Recueil manuel et pratique de traités, conventions et autres actes diplomatiques. Leipzig, F, A. Brockhaus, 1846, tome I, p. 312.

river St. Croix, mentioned in the said Treaty of Peace, and forming a part of the boundary therein described, that question shall be referred to the final decision of commissioners to be appointed in the following manner, viz.

One commissioner shall be named by His Majesty and one by the President of the United States, by and with the advice and consent of the senate thereof, and the said two commissioners shall agree on the choice of a third; or if they cannot so agree, they shall each propose one person, and of the two names so proposed, one shall be drawn by lot in the presence of the two original commissioners. And the three commissioners so appointed, shall be sworn impartially to examine and decide the said question according to such evidence as shall respectively be laid before them on the part of the British Government and of the United States. The said commissioners shall meet at Halifax, and shall have power to adjourn to such other place or places as they shall think fit. They shall have power to appoint a secretary, and to employ such surveyors or other persons as they shall judge necessary. The said commissioners shall by a Declaration under their hand and seals decide what river is the river St. Croix intended by the Treaty. The said declaration shall contain a description of the said river, and shall particularize the latitude and longitude of its mouth, and of its source. Duplicates of this declaration, and of the statements of their accounts, and of the journal of their proceedings shall be delivered by them to the Agent of His Majesty, and to the Agent of the United States, who may be respectively appointed and authorized to manage the business on behalf of the respective Governments. And both parties agree to consider such decision as final and conclusive, so as that the same shall never thereafter be called into question, or made the subject of dispute or difference between them '.

Les commissaires prononcèrent leur sentence, après avoir usé de la faculté de déplacer le siège du tribunal arbitral de Halifax à Providence. Cette sentence, parfaitement explicite et précise, n'appelle aucune observation.

Decision of the British and American Commissioners, under the 5th Article of the Treaty of 1794, relative to the River Sainte Croix. Providence, October 25, 1798.

By Thomas Barclay, David Howell and Egbert Benson, Commissioners appointed in pur

1 Treaties and Conventions between the United States and other Powers, 1776-1887. p. 382.

suance of the 5th Article of the Treaty of amity, commerce and navigation between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America, finally to decide the question: What river was truly intended under the name of the river Sainte Croix, mentioned in the Treaty of Peace between His Majesty and the United States of America, and forming part of the boundary therein described. >

We, the said Commissioners, having been sworn impartially to examine and decide the said question according to such evidence as should respectively be laid before us on the part of the British Government and of the United States, and having heard the evidence which had been laid before us by the Agent of His Majesty and the Agent of the United States respectively appointed and authorized to manage the business on behalf of the respective Governments, have decided, and hereby do decide:

The river hereinafter particularly described and mentioned to be the river truly intended under the name of the river Sainte Croix in the said Treaty of Peace, and forming a part of the boundary therein described, that is to say, the mouth of the said river is in Passamaquaddy Bay, at a point of land called Ive's Point, about I mille northward from the northern part of Sanct Andrew's Island and in the latitude of 45°5′ and 5" north, and in the longitude of 67° 12' and 30" west from the Royal Observatory at Greenwich in Great Britain, and 3°50' and 15′′ east of Howard College in the University of Cambridge, in the state of Massachusetts. And the course of the said river up from its source is northerly to a point of land called The Devil's Head, thence turning the said point, is westerly to where it divides in 2 streams, the one coming from the westward and the other from the northward, having the Indian name Chiputnatecook, or Chipnitcook, as the same may be variously spelt, then up the said stream, so coming from the northward to its source, which is at a stake near a yellow birch-tree, hooped with iron, marked S. T. and J. H., 1797», by Samuel Titcomb and John Harris, the surveyors employed to survey the above-mentioned stream coming from the northward. And the said river is designated on the map hereunto annexed and hereby referred to as further descriptive of it by the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K and L, the letter A being at its said mouth, and the letter L being at its said source. And the course and distance of the said source from the island at the confluence of the above-mentioned 2 streams is, as laid down on the said map, north 5o and about 15' west by the magnet: about 841/2 miles. In testimony whereof we have hereunto

set

our hands and seals, at Providence, in the State of Rhode Island, the 25th day of october, in the year 17981.

B.

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Le second arbitrage institué par le traité de 1794 avait pour objet de fixer les sommes dues à des citoyens anglais par des citoyens américains et devenues irrécouvrables au profit des premiers. Le premier document reproduit par nous est l'article VI du traité du 19 novembre 1794 qui institue la commission arbitrale. Cette commission ne parvint pas à remplir la mission qui lui était dévolue et les deux nations terminèrent le conflit à l'amiable aux termes d'un arrangement conclu en 1802 et dont nous donnons également plus loin les stipulations principales.

Treaty of amity, commerce and navigation between the United Kingdom and the United States of America, signed at London, November 19, 1794.

For the purpose of ascertaining the amount of any such losses or damages, five Commissioners shall be appointed, and authorized to meet and act in the manner following, viz. Two of them shall be appointed by His Majesty, two of them by the President of the United States by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof and the fifth by the unanimous voice of the other four; and if they should not agree in such choice, then the Commissioners named by the two parties, shall respectively propose one person, and of the two names so proposed one shall be drawn by lot in the presence of the four original Commissioners.

When the five Commissioners thus appointed shall first meet, they shall, before they proceed to act respectively, take the following oath or affirmation, in the presence of each other, which oath or affirmation being so taken, and duly attested, shall be entered on the record of their proceedings, viz.:

ARTICLE VI. Whereas it is alledged by divers British merchants and others, His Majesty's subjects, that debts to a considerable amount, which were bona fide contracted before the Peace, still remain owing to them by citizens or inhabitants of the United States, and that by the operation of various lawful impediments since the Peace, not only the full recovery of the said debts has been delayed, but also the value and security thereof have been in several instances, impaired and lessened, so that by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, the British creditors cannot now obtain, and actually have and receive full and adequate compensation for the losses and damages which they have thereby sustained. It is agreed that in all such cases where full compensation for such losses and damages, cannot, for whatever reason, be actually obtained, had and received by the said creditors in the ordinary course of justice, the United States will make full and complete compensation for the same to the said creditors: But it is distinctly understood, that this provision is to extend to such losses only as have been occasioned by the lawful impediments aforesaid, and is not to extend to losses occasioned by such insolvency of the debtors, or other causes as would equally, have operated to produce such loss, if the said impediments had not existed, nor to such losses or damages as have been occasioned by the manifest delay or negligence, or wilful omission of the claimant.

1 HERTSLET, A complete Collection..., t. IX, p. 761.

« I. A. B. one of the Commissioners appointed in pursuance of the 6th Article of the Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation, between His Britannic Majesty and the United States of America do solemnly swear or affirm, that I will honestly, diligently, impartially and carefully examine, and to the best of my judgment, according to justice and equity, decide all such complaints, as, under the said article, shall be preferred to the said Commissioners; and that I will forbear to act as a Commissioner in any case, in which I may be personally interested».

Three of the said Commissioners shall constitute a board and shall have power to do any act appertaining to the said Commission, provided that one of the Commissioners named on each side, and the fifth Commissioner shall be present, and all decisions shall be made by the majority of the voices of the Comissioners then present. Eighteen months from the day the said Commissioners shall form a board, and be ready to proceed to business, are assigned for receiving complaints and applications; but they are nevertheless authorized, in any particular cases in which it shall appear to them to be reasonable and just, to extend the said term of eighteen months for any term not exceeding six months after the expiration thereof the said Commissioners shall first meet at Philadelphia, but they shall have power to adjourn from place to place as they

shall see cause.

The said Commissioners, in examining the complaints and applications so preferred to them, are empowered and required, in pursuance of the true intent and meaning of this Article, to take into their consideration all claims, whether of

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