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Editorials

The Oregonian

Founded Dec. 4, 1850. Established as a daily Feb. 4, 1861. Sunday Oregonian established Dec. 4, 1881. Published daily and
Sunday by the Oregonian Publishing Co., Oregonian Bldg., 1320 SW Broadway, Portland, Oregon 97201.

FRED A. STICKEL, President and Publisher
J. RICHARD NOKES, Editor

ALBERT L. MCCREADY, Managing Editor

ROBERT M. LANDAUER, Senior Associate Editor

Letter

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Siletz need a home

The Siletz Indian Tribe must have a reservation on the central Oregon Coast. A tribe without land is like a native bird shorn of its nesting

area.

The unique status of the Siletz as the only landless, federally recognized tribe among 481 in the nation calls for a remedy. The tribe needs land, as much to nurture its members' spiritual rebirth as to provide a modest income for tribal programs.

The Siletz Tribe is a confederation, formed in the 1850s under U.S. cavalry duress, of four major tribes the Tillamooks, Chetcos, Tu-toonay and Alseas - and 17 other tribes and groups. They were assigned a reservation, with agency headquarters at Siletz. The tribe once owned more than a million acres of land along the central Oregon Coast. Some payment was made for much of the land, but at least 600,000 acres were taken without payment.

In 1977, Congress restored its recognition of Siletz tribal status. This had been terminated in 1954, after a request from a council meeting of only 30 Indians, and without a ballot, among the approximately 900 then on the rolls.

Congress also ordered, in the Siletz Restoration Act of 1977, that the Department of Interior develop a plan, in the form of proposed legislation, for a Siletz reservation, and file it with Congress by Nov. 18, 1979, less than three months from now.

Preliminary drafts show the plan's two basic elements to be a 36-acre parcel, known as Government Hill, in the town of Siletz and 3,666 acres of public domain timber land, now administered by the Bureau of Land Management, to provide annual tribal income of approximately $600,000.

The tribe proposes that Lincoln County continue to receive, for 25 years after establishment of a reservation, the 5 percent of revenues from sale of timber on public land that BLM now pays.

The act would provide that no hunting, fishing or trapping rights would be established on the reservation, and state hunting, fishing and trapping laws would apply there as in the rest of the state. The summary states, "It has not been determined whether the tribe lost its hunting and fishing rights at the time of termination, and the plan does not affect that issue. If the rights were not lost, they would remain in effect; if the rights were terminated, they would not be restored."

During the next two months, the tribal plan must be examined minutely by federal, state and local interests. As a matter of equity, however, the Siletz - with 1,083 certified members and perhaps 60 percent more expected to enroll should have restored to them land for a tribal home on the central Oregon Coast.

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Oregon

Oregon Journal, Wednesday, Sept. 5, 1979

Journal opinion

Siletz should get back part of their homeland

A century ago the Siletz Indians owned a 1.1 million-acre reservation on the Oregon Coast. Through a federal policy of ineptness, unratified treaties, removal and termination, the reservation was disbanded. The Siletz were victims of a cruel hoax that they probably never understood.

Now the Siletz Indians, whose tribal rights were restored in 1977, are on the verge of receiving a small reservation near the town of Siletz.

The reservation would be minute compared to what the tribe has lost. But it would be a tribal home, a place where culture and tradition could be re-established and eventually a place where health and educational services could be obtained.

The tribe is negotiating with the city of Siletz for 27 acres known as "Government Hill," where agency headquarters once were located but which now is overgrown. But the bigger chunk of land for the reservation is 3,666 federal acres administered by the Bureau of Land Management.

The bill which would create the reservation will be introduced in Congress this fall. It provides that no hunting, fishing or trapping rights would be established on the reservation or by the tribe.

Tribal leaders have negotiated with federal, state and local governments to re-establish the reservation. Lincoln County, for example, now receives 5 percent of the revenues from the public domain lands. The tribe proposes to pay 5 percent of its timber revenues to the county for 25 years.

The tribal roll counts about 1,100 members of tribes which once lived on the reservation or who are descendants. Possibly as many as

2,000 persons could qualify for trib:
al status. Most of the Indians now
are scattered throughout Oregon,
mainly the Willamette Valley.

Twenty-five years ago the fed-
eral government tried a policy of
tribal termination, a doctrine which
has since been reversed in favor of
revitalizing Indian culture.

The Siletz should have a portion
of their homeland returned. The
1977 law directed the secretary of

interior to return to Congress with-
in two years with a plan to create a
reservation. It's simple justice that a
reservation should be formed.

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Who could really imagine that a people
who once owned 1.1 million acres of land
in western Oregon are homeless or land-
less? Such is the case of the Siletz In-
dians.

Native Americans in the United States
have been treated as a vanishing people
for a long time. They have endured gen-
ocide, resettlement, ostracism and ter-
mination. It has not been any different
for the Siletz Indians.

"The Siletz tribe was subjected to
each of the most unfortunate Indian poli-
cies of the United States government, in-
cluding unratified and broken treaties,
taking of executive order reservation
lands, removal and allotment. The final
blow in 1954 was termination, a formal
denial of the existence of the tribe by the
federal government. All of these policies
have been repudiated by the government
now. But the result of the Siletz tribe was
the loss of all of its land, and at least
600,000 acres they never received any
compensation at all."

IN 1970, A PORTLAND official of the
Bureau of Indian Affairs stated that
when an Indian reservation was closed,
the Indians were told that they were
white. This was in line with the policy of
ending their trust status with the govern-
ment and designating them as first class
citizens.

calvin
henry

Through the work of Sen. Mark Hat-
field and Rep. Les AuCoin, the Siletz
Restoration Act of 1977 was passed. This
act established once again the Siletz as a
federally recognized Indian tribe.

The Siletz Restoration Act was an-
other recognition that United States is
not a melting pot, but a salad bowl. That
all groups of people contribute to the
character of this country. And it won't be
any less true for the Siletz Indians in
western Oregon.

Of the 431 federally recognized tribes,
only the Siletz has no land base. Perhaps
this will change very soon, if the progress
to establish the reservation plan is not
held up by the city of Siletz, Ore.

THE SECRETARY OF the Interior is
required by the Siletz Restoration Act to
develop a plan to establish a reservation
for the tribe. This plan should be submit-
ted to Congress by Nov. 18. But it might
be delayed by the city of Siletz.

The plan is modest at most, but calcu-
lative in its approach to Congress to ask

just for what is really needed. It is an-
other first for Oregon in the way it is
being set up. The state of Oregon would
continue to have control over many civil
matters and over all criminal matters on
the reservation. All state laws regarding
hunting, fishing and trapping would be in
full force. Most reservations retain these
jurisdictions.

And Confederated Tribes of Siletz In-
dians, as it is now known, has done its
political homework as well. According to
Arthur Bensell, the tribal chairman, they
have had many reservation plan meet-
ings with state and federal agencies.
Meetings have been held with the Lin-
coln County Commission and the Siletz
City Council. Private corporations like
Georgia Pacific have been involved. All
of these entities except the city of Siletz
have given their blessings to the plan.

THE PLAN CALLS FOR the reserva-
tion to be made up of 3,666 acres of public
domain land now being administered by
the Bureau of Land Management. These
acres are in scattered parcels near Si-
letz. And a 35-acre parcel of land, known
as Government Hill, is in the city of Siletz
and is an issue of contention.

Government Hill, from late the 1800s
until termination, was the headquarters
of the Siletz Reservation. When the reser-
vation was terminated, it was donated to

the city by the federal government. It
contains the burial grounds of the Siletz.
And the reservation plan reflects that it
is to be the headquarters of the tribe.
Other needed facilities will be located
there.

The tribe and its attorneys worked
closely with the Siletz Planning Commis-
sion while it studied the proposal to
transfer Government Hill back to its
original owners. This commission voted
unaminously in favor of the plan. The Si-
letz City Council was expected to ap-
prove it too, but a petition from 80 resi-
dents demanded a public vote, which will
take place Nov. 1. To get around the state
election laws, the city is calling it an in-
formation poll.

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WHEREAS,

WHEREAS,

WHEREAS,

WHEREAS,

the Siletz Restoration Act of 1977 (P.L. 95-195) restored federal recognition to the Siletz Tribe and required the Secretary of the Interior to prepare and present to Congress a plan for the establishment of a reservation for the Tribe, said plan to be presented by November 18, 1979; and

the Siletz Tribe once had a reservation which included more than 1.1 million acres of prime timberland on the Oregon coast, but now is fully federally recognized tribe to have no reservation at all; and

the members of the Siletz Tribe have urgent needs which only Tribal government can fully address, namely, severe uncmployment, health problems, alcoholism, poverty, substandard housing, and educational deficiencies; and

the establishment of a reservation will assure the Tribe's government of a permanent and independent existence, so it will be able to work for the common good of its members and culture forever; and

WHEREAS, the Siletz Tribe has proposed the establishment of a modest reservation that will enable it to meet the minimum needs of its members, retain its Tribal identity, and be a homeland for its members forever.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the National Congress of American Indians fully supports and endorses the Siletz Tribe's proposal that "Government Hill" and the approximate 3,666 acres of public domain land in Lincoln County, Oregon, be taken into trust and designated as the Reservation of the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians of Oregon.

Afiliated Cribes of Northwest Indians

RESOLUTION NO. C

RESOLUTION

WHEREAS, The Siletz Restoration Act of 1977 (P.L. 95-195) restored federal recognition to the Siletz Tribe and required the Secretary of the Interior to prepare and present to Congress a plan for the establishment of a reservation for the Tribe, said plan to be presented by November 18, 1979; and

WHEREAS, The Siletz Tribe once had a reservation which included more than 1.1 million acres of prime timberland on the Oregon coast, but now is the only fully federally recognized tribe to have no land base at all: and

WHEREAS, The members of the Siletz Tribe have urgent needs which only Tribal government can fully address, namely, severe unemployment, health problems, alcoholism, proverty, substandard housing, and educational deficiencies; and the establishment of a reservation will in a small way compensate the Tribe for its enormous and unparalleled loss of land; and

WHEREAS, The establishment of a reservation will assure the Tribe's government of a permanent and independent existence so it will be able to work for the common good of its members and culture forever; and

WHEREAS, The Siletz Tribe has proposed the establishment of a modest reservation that will enable it to meet the minimum needs of its members, retain its Tribal identity, and be a homeland for its members forever,

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that the Affiliated Tribes of Northwest Indians fully supports and endorses the Tribe's proposal that "Government Hill" and the identified 3,666 acres of public domain land in Lincoln County, Oregon, be taken into trust and designated as the Reservation of the Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians of Oregon.

Ship Skenin

Executive Director

President

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