borough, and has sent two members to parliament ever since 23d Edward I. The electors are the freeholders of messuages or burgage tenements within the precincts of the borough: the returning officer is the bailiff of the manor. The elections, however, are under the influence of the noble families of Somers and Hardwicke, to the former of whom the manor belongs. Ryegate gives the title of baron to the earl of Peterborough. The neighbourhood of the town abounds with fullers' earth, and medicinal plants and herbs. Holmsdale, though now overgrown with furze, was formerly noted for producing immense quantities of strawberries. In the woody part of this track outlying red deer were formerly often found; and James II., when duke of York, used to chase the largest stags that have ever been seen in England. The deer have since been entirely destroyed. Population of the borough part of Ryegate, 1128; of the remainder, which has no vote at elections, 1312. Market on Tuesday; also a monthly one on Wednesday. 16 miles E. of Guildford, and 51 S. of London. Long. 0. 13. W. Lat. 51. 14. N.

RYEGATE, a township of the United States, in Caledonia county, Vermont, on the Connecticut, 28 miles E. of Montpelier. Population 812.

RYEHILL, a hamlet of England, East Riding of Yorkshire, 12 miles E. by S. of Kingston-upon-Hull.

RYEHILL, a hamlet of England, West Riding of Yorkshire, 6 miles S. E. of Wakefield.

RYEPOOR, a town of Hindostan, province of Gundwaneh, district of Choteesgur. It contains about 3000 houses of different descriptions, and was formerly reckoned the second town in the Nagpore dominions. It is situated on the road from Cuttack to Nagpore. Long. 82. 26. E. Lat. 21. 17. N.

RYFFTHAL, a pleasant valley in the west of Switzerland, in the canton of Vaud, lying between the lake of Geneva and Mount Jura, and extending from Lausanne to Vevay.

RYHALL, a hamlet of England, in Rutlandshire, 13 miles E. of Oakham.

RYHOPE, a village of England, in Durham, near Sunderland.

RYLE, GREAT and LITTLE, two hamlets of England, in Northumberland, 8 miles W. of Alnwick.

RYLE, a hamlet of England, in Dorsetshire, near Whitchurch.

RYLSK, a town of the central part of European Russia, in the government of Kursk, at the confluence of the rivers Sem and Ryla. It contains 4600 inhabit

ants, is the chief place of a circle, and a bishop's see. 52 miles W. S. W. of Kursk. RYMANOW, a small town of Austrian Poland, on the Wisloca, 18 miles W. by S. of Sanok.

RYME, a parish of England, in Dorsetshire, 6 miles S. W. of Sherborne.

RYNABAD, a town of Bengal, district of Jessore. It stands on the south bank of the Boirub river, which is one of the most frequented channels by boats coming down the country in the hot season, through the woods or sunderbunds, and where they may be well supplied with provisions and fresh water for the remainder of their extraor dinary voyage. Long. 89. 44. E. Lat. 22. 42. N.

RYNACH, a small town of the Swiss canton of Argovia, on the borders of that of Lucerne, 12 miles S. S. E. of Aaran.

RYND, a parish of Scotland, in Perthshire, about 4 miles long and I broad, situated at the confluence of the Erne with the Tay. Population 393.

RYNSBURG, or RHYNSBURG, a village of Holland, on the channel called the Old Rhine. Population 1100. 2 miles N. W. of Leyden.

RYPEN. See Ribe.

RYPPIN, a small town in the north-west of Poland, in the palatinate of Plock, with 1000 inhabitants. 32 miles E. by N, of Thorn.

RYSBERGEN, a village of the Netherlands, in North Brabant, with 1200 inhabitants. 6 miles S. by W. of Breda.

RYSSEN, a small town of the Netherlands, in the province of Overyssel, not far from the small river Regg. Population 1500. 16 miles E. N. E. of Deventer.

RYSwIK, a large village of the Nether lands, in Holland, 2 miles S. E. of the Hague. Population 1700. It was in the fort of this place called Nieuwburg, that the well known peace of Ryswik was concluded, in 1697.

RYTHER, a parish of England, East Riding of Yorkshire, 7 miles N. W. of Selby.

RYTON, a parish of England, in Salop, 4 miles S. by E. of Shiffnal.

RYTON, a parish of England, in War wickshire, 4 miles S. E. of Coventry.

RYTON, a township of England, North Riding of Yorkshire, 3 miles N. of New Malton.

RYTON, a parish of England, in Durham, 7 miles W. Ń. W. of Gateshead. Popula tion 5307.

RZECZICA, a small town of Russian Lithuania, in the government of Minsk, on the Dnieper, 152 miles S. S. E. of Minsk.

RZECZICZ, ROTH, or CZERWENA STARA RZECZICE, a small town of the east of

Bohemia, 52 miles S. E. of Prague. Population 1200.

Rzeszow, one of the circles of Austrian Poland, which contains a track of 1675 square miles, lying along the southern frontier of the country called, since 1815, the kingdom of Poland. It is watered by the San and the Wisloka, and has about 225,000 inhabitants. It is in general level and fertile, but it is covered on the north side by large and almost impenetrable forests. Rzeszow, a small town of Austrian Po

land, on the Wisloka, 70 miles W. of Lemberg, and 80 E. of Cracow, and the chief place of the above circle. It is one of the best built towns of the Austrian part of Poland, contains 4600 inhabitants, and has a brisk traffic in corn and peltry. There are here also several goldsmiths, who, as well as the merchants, are mostly Jews.

RzGow, a small town of the west of Poland, on the river Nev, with 900 inhabitants. 70 miles W. S. W. of Warsaw, and 20 N. by W. of Petrikau.

SA, or SAH, a village, situated on the ruins of Sais, formerly the metropolis of Lower Egypt. It was celebrated for a temple of Minerva, and for an asylum and tomb dedicated to Osiris. It is situated on the canal of Belkin, or of Hashabi, which runs parallel to the Rosetta branch of the Nile, on its eastern side, and falls into the lake Bourlos, 17 miles W. of Mehallet Kibeer.

SAAD, a town of great Bukharia, 20 miles N. E. of Samarcand.

SAADE, a town of Arabia, the most important in the Sahan, or mountainous district of Yemen. It is the residence of a chief, who assumes the title of Imam; but his territories are so small, that he often finds it difficult to maintain his ground against his highland neighbours. His revenue arises chiefly from a custom-house here established, at which duties are paid by the goods passing from Yemen into the interior of Arabia. In the neighbourhood of this town is a fortified height, distinguished for the stand there made by a chief against the Turkish force. 368 miles N. N. E. of Mocha.

SAALES, a small town in the east of France, in Lorraine, 11 miles E. N. E. of St Diez.

SAALFELD, a small town of the interior of Germany, duchy of Saxe-Coburg, on the Thuringian Saale. It is pleasantly situated, and contains 3700 inhabitants. Here is a mint, a mine office, and some manufactures. Saalfeld was formerly the chief town of a small principality of the house of Saxe, but the family became extinct in 1749. In October 1806, prior to the fatal battle of Jena, prince Louis Ferdinand of Prussia was defeated and killed here by the French. 50 miles W. S. W. of Altenburg.

Saalfeld, or Zellwald, a small town

of East Prussia, 67 miles S. S. W. of Konigsberg. Population 1300.

SAALFELDEN, a small town in the southwest of Austria, on the river Salza. Population 1000. 28 miles S. S. W. of Salzburg.

SAALFELDNER-SCHARTE, a lofty mountain of the district of Salzburg, near Saalfelden. Elevation 7000 feet.

SAALMUNSTER, a small town of the west of Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, on the Kinzig. Population 1350. 24 miles S. S. W. of Fulda.

SAANE, SANE, or SARINE, a considerable river in the west of Switzerland, which rises on the borders of the Valais, flows through the cantou of Friburg, from north to south, and falls into the Aar, 7 miles W. of Bern. It is rapid, and not navigable. It gives name to a winding valley of the Oberland, surrounded with lofty mountains, and producing little corn, but abundance of pasturage. The population of the valley is 8000. Its chief town is Saanen.

SAANEN, in French Gessenai, a small but well built town of the Swiss canton of Bern, in the Saanerland. It is the chief place of the valley of the same name, and is situated between beautiful and fertile mountains. 24 miles S. of Friburg, and 25 E. S. E. of Lausanne.

SAAR. See Surre.

SAARBRUCK, a small town of the Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, on the river Sarre. It contains 2700 inhabitants, and has a Lutheran church and gymnasium, the former a good building. The inhabitants carry on some manufactures of iron and steel, but their chief traffic arises from their position on the river, which becomes navigable at this place. 18 miles E. of Luxemburg, and 9 S. of Treves. On the other side of the Sarre is a small town called St John.

SAARDAM. See Zaandam. SAARGEMUND. See Sarguemines. SAAR-LOUIS, a fortified town of the Prussian province of the Lower Rhine, situated on a peninsula formed by the Sarre. It contains 4100 inhabitants, and has some manufactures of leather and hardware; and in the neighbourhood are iron and coal mines. It was fortified by Vauban, under Louis XIV. but was ceded to Prussia by the treaty of Paris in 1815. During the revolution, this place was called Sarre Libre. 11 miles N. W. of Saarbruck, and 34 E. of Thionville.

SAARTAY, a small island of the Hebrides, in the sound of Harris.

SAAR UNION, a town in the north-east of France, on the Saar, department of the Lower Rhine. It consists of the two petty towns of St Saarwerden and Bouquenon, and has a population of 2800. 45 miles N. E. of Nancy. Long. 7. 5. E. Lat. 48. 56. N.

SAASA, a village of Palestine, in the district beyond Jordan, which tradition has reported as the place where Nimrod was buried. 40 miles N. W. of Sarchad.

SAATZ, a circle in the north-west of Bohemia, lying contiguous to the Saxon frontier, and to the Bohemian circles of Leutmeritz, Rakonitz, and Elnbogen. Its area is about 820 square miles, its population 114,000, who are more of German than of Bohemian descent. The south of this circle is level, and contains some of the best corn land of Bohemia, but the north is covered in part by the Erzgebirge mountains, in which there are mines of iron, alum, and tin. The woods are extensive in this quarter, and abound in game. The other products of this circle are hops, flax, turf, and coal. There are some manufactures, of which that of cotton is most considerable.

SAATZ, in Bohemian Zatetz, a town of Bohemia, on the Egra, and the chief place of the preceding circle. Population 3800. 89 miles W. by N. of Prague, and 28 E. of Carlsbad. Long. 13. 35. E. Lat. 50. 18. 35. N.

SABA, an island in the West Indies,belonging to the Dutch. It is about 12 miles in circumference, extended in one delightful valley, which produces necessaries for the inhabitants, and materials for several manufactures; but being destitute of any port, its commerce is very inconsiderable. There is abundance of fish caught on the coasts, particularly bonitos, which are in great request; nor is it in general deficient in the conveniences of life. Along the coast the sea is very shallow; rocks appear for some distance, and vessels of course cannot come close in, unless they be very small. There is only one small

bay here, which has a sandy bottom, where the inhabitants now keep their canoes. The access to it is by a road cut out of the rock, by which one man only can mount at a time; and this road is plen tifully stored with magazines of stones, by which alone the inhabitants might defend it against any number of assailants. These were the arms with which they repulsed the desperate French buccaneers, who attacked them in 1688. This island was taken by the English in the year 1781, and again in 1801. The inhabitants raise some indigo and cotton, but their chief manufacture is shoes; and such is their economy and industry, that they live comfortable among themselves. 13 miles N. W. of St Eustatius, and 24 S. W. of St Bartholomew. Long. 63. 12. W. Lat. 17. 40. N.

SABA, one of the smaller Virgin islands, in the West Indies, situated south of St Thomas.

SABAGAN ISLANDS, a cluster of small islands in the Red sea. Long. 41. 54. E. Lat. 14. 55. N.

SABAKA, a town of Niphon, in Japan, 130 miles S. W. of Meaco.

SABANAS, a river of the province and government of Darien, which rises in the mountains of the south coast, and enters the Pacific occan in the gulf of St Miguel.

SABANDIJAS, a river of the New Kingdom of Granada, in the province of Carthagena, which runs east, and enters the Rio Grande de la Magdalena.

SABANJA. See Soubandie.

SABARA, a river of Brazil, which falls into the Galera, one of the head branches of the river Guapore.

SABART, a village of Tripoli, in Africa, 36 miles W. of Tripoli.

SABAT, a town of Great Bukharia, 65 miles N. N. E. of Samarcand.

SABATO, a river of Naples, in the Prin cipato Ultra, which falls into the larger stream of the Calore, near Benevento.

SABBEA, a town of Yemen, in Arabia, situated in the mountainous district of Khaulan. 8 miles N. E. of Abu Arish.

SABBER, a mountain of Yemen, in Arabia, near Taas.

SABBIA, a town of Arabia, in the mountainous district of Yemen.

SABEIA, a small island in the Red sea. Lat. 18. 22. N.

SABEN. See Seben. SABERCAN, a village of Irak Arabi, 50 miles E. of Bagdad.

SABI, or XAVIER, a town of Central Africa, in the kingdom of Whidah, and residence of the sovereign before the subjec tion of the country to the king of Daho mey. When that prince, named Guadjo Trudo, conquered it in 1727, be caused

work of art. There is a bridge across this channel, 196 feet above the water.

SABLE, an island in the North Atlantic ocean. Here Monsieur de Lery intended to have settled a French colony, in the year 1598; but father Charlevoix says, that there never was a place more unfit for such an undertaking, it being small, and without any port, or product, except briars. It is very narrow, and has the shape of a bow. In the middle of it is a lake, 15 miles in compass, and the island itself not more than 30. It has a sand-bank at each end, one of which runs north-east and south-west. It has lofty sand hills, which may be seen in clear weather 24 miles off. 90 miles S. E. of Cape Breton, Long. 59. 50. W. Lat. 44. 15. N.

SABLE, a river of Canada, which runs into St John's lake, Long. 72. 34. W. Lat,

49. 38. N.

SABLE, a river of America, which runs into Lake Erie, Long. 83. W. Lat. 42. 17. N. SABLE, CAPE, the south-westernmost point of the province of Nova Scotia. Long. 65. 39. W. Lat. 43. 24. N. Variation of the needle, in 1787, 12. 15. W.

SABLE MOUNTAIN, a mountain of the United States, in Essex county, New York, between Jay, Chesterfield, Lewis, and Willsborough.

SABLE POINT, on the west side of the island of Newfoundland. Long. 57. 35. W. Lat. 50. 24. N.

SABLES, a river of North America, which runs into Lake Huron, near the St Clair river.

SABLES D'OLONNE, LES, a seaport in the west of France, situated on a peninsula, in the department of La Vendee. It is well built, has 5200 inhabitants, and a harbour capable of admitting vessels of considerable size. The chief traffic of the town is in corn, cattle, and bay salt. It has an extensive fishery of pilchards, and sends a few ships annually to the cod fishery at Newfoundland. 45 miles S. of Nantes. Long. 1. 42. W. Lat. 46. 30. N. SABOE. See Seboo.

SABOE, a town on the west coast of the island of Gilolo. Long. 127. 21. E. Lat, 1. 6. N.

SABOLCS, a palatinate in the east of Hungary, bounded on the west and north by the great river Theyss. It has a superficial extent of 2120 square miles, with 135,000 inhabitants, exclusive of a district belonging to the Hey dukes. The palatinate of Sabolcs consists entirely of level ground; part of it is covered with sand, and another part with small lakes, of so little depth as to dry up in summer, when soda is found in the bottom, in the form of an efflorescence. The Theyss often overflows its

banks, and causes great ravages; yet this district produces large quantities of corn, tobacco, fruit, and melons. The chief town is Nagy Kallo, and the inhabitants of the palatinate are almost all Calvinists.

SABON, an island at the south entrance of the straits of Malacca, of a triangular form, about 24 miles in circumference, separated from the island of Sumatra by a navigable channel, called the straits of Sabon. Long. 103. 21. E. Lat. 0. 42. N.

SABOR, a river in the north-west of Spain, which has its source in the province of Galicia, and falls into the Douro at Torre de Moncorvo, in Portugal.

SABOU, OF SAIVU, probably the same as Savo, an island in the Eastern seas, near Timor, 10 leagues in length, high towards the south. Most part is covered with forests, among which are many habitations interspersed; and the numerous palin and cocoa trees come down to the water's edge.

SABRAO, an island in the Eastern seas, about 100 miles in circumference, separated from the east coast of the island of Flores by a narrow channel, called the strait of Flores. Long. 123. 20. E. Lat. 8. 8. S.

SABRES, a small town in the south-west of France, in the department of the Landes, Population 1800. 18 miles N. N. E. of Tartas.

SABRIDGEWORTH, a parish of England, formerly a market town, in Hertfordshire, 12 miles E. by N. of Hertford. Popula tion 1827.

SABUGAL, a small town in the east of Portugal, near the Spanish frontier, in the province of Beira, 7 miles W. N. W. of Alfayates. Population 1400.

SA BULAGH, a town and district of Ader. bijan, in Persia, situated upon the lake of Urumea. 30 miles from Maraga.

Sac, a river of Southern Africa, which rises in the settlement of the Cape of Good Hope, and falls into the Orange river, about 90 miles from its mouth.

SAC, GRANDE RIVIERE DU CUL DE, & river of St Domingo, which runs west inte the sea, about two leagues north of Portau-Prince.

SACALA, a district of Abyssinia, famous for its excellent honey.

SACANDAGUA, a river of the United States, in New York, which runs east into the Hudson, in Hadley. It has a course of 80 miles.

SACARAPPA, a post village of the United States, in Cumberland county, Maine.

SACATECOLUCA, SANTIAGO LUCIA DE, settlement of the kingdom of Guatirala, on the coast of the Pacific ocean, contain ing above 3000 Indians.

SACATEPEC, a settlement of Guatimala, 25 miles N. E. of Guatimala.-It is also the