the Lake Orovesi by a river called PielisYoki; and on its east bank is a petty town, also called Pielis.

PIENZA, a town of Italy, in the grand duchy of Tuscany, province of Sienna. It was the birthplace of cardinal Piccolomini, who, on his elevation to the papal dignity, assumed the title of Pius II., and changed the name of this place from Corsignuno to Pienza, giving it the privileges of a town, and erecting it into a bishop's 45 miles S. of Florence. PIERCE'S ISLAND, a small island of the United States, in Piscataqua river, New Hampshire.

see.

PIERCED ISLAND, a small island or rock in the gulf of St Lawrence, pierced with two natural arches, through which the sea passes. 15 miles S. of Cape Gaspe. PIERCY ISLAND, a small island near the east coast of New Zealand, a little to the east of Cape Brett.

PIERHEAD, a promontory on the northeast coast of New Holland, and the west point of Thirsty sound.

PIERMONT, a township of the United States, in Grafton county, New Hampshire, on the Connecticut. Population 877.

PIERRE, a town in the east of France, department of the Saone and Loire. Population 1500. 20 miles N. of Louhans, and 21 N. E. of Chalons.

PIERRE, a small island on the north-west coast of France, belonging to the department of the Ille and Vilaine. It contains a small fort.

PIERRE, ST, a town in the north-east of France, department of the Pas de Calais, with 2700 inhabitants. 20 miles N. E. of Boulogne.

PIERRE, ST, in the lake of Bienne. See Peter, St.

PIERRE, ST, a river of Guadaloupe, which enters the sea, between the fort of this name and the Grand Ance.-There is another river of this name in the same island.

PIERRE, ST, a seaport town of the island of Martinico, in the West Indies, situated on a round bay on the west coast of the island, five leagues south of Fort Royal. It is a port of entry, the residence of merchants, and the centre of business. It has been four times burnt down, yet it contains at present about 2000 houses. The anchorage ground is situated along the sea-side, on the strand, but is very unhealthy. Another port of the town is separated from it by a river, and the houses are built on a low hill, which is called the fort, from a small fortress which defends the road, which is commodious for loading and unloading ships, and is likewise easy of access; but in the rainy season the shipping take

shelter at Fort Royal, the capital of th island.

PIERRE, ST, a river of North America which rises a considerable way to the north west, and after a course south-east, join the Mississippi about Lat. 44. 40. N. A its junction with the Mississippi it is abou 100 yards broad. It has a great depth o water, and in some places runs very briskly About 50 miles from its mouth are som rapids; and much higher up there ar many others.

PIERRE, ST, a small island near the coas of Newfoundland, chiefly used for curing and drying fish. This island has been usually ceded to France in peace, and taker in time of war by the British. Long. 56 37. W. Lat. 46. 30. N.

PIERRE, MONT ST, a large village in the north-east of France, department of the Meurthe, about two miles from Pont & Mousson, remarkable as the birthplace of Mabillon, a writer on church history.

PIERRE BUFFIERE, a small town in the west of France, department of the Upper Vienne, 17 miles S. by E. of Limoges.

PIERRE CHATEL, a village in the southeast of France, department of the Ain, near the Rhone, remarkable for its coal mines. 3 miles S. E. of Belley.

PIERRE DU CHEMIN, ST, a town in the west of France, department of La Vendee, with a population of 1700.

PIERRE SUR DIVE, ST, a town in the north of France, department of Calvados, with 1800 inhabitants. 18 miles S. W. of Lisieux, and 20 S. E. of Caen.

PIERRE L'EGLISE, ST, a town in the north-west of France, department of La Manche, with a castle and 2000 inhabitants, who carry on manufactures of linen and yarn. The surrounding country produces large quantities of corn and flax. 19 miles N. E. of Valognes, and 13 E. of Cherburg.

PIERRE FONTs, a town in the north of France, department of the Oise. Popula tion 1300.9 miles S. E. of Compiegne.

PIERRE LE MOUTIER, ST, a walled town in the central part of France, department of the Nievre, situated in a hollow, surrounded by mountains, It has 2000 inhabitants; but its situation near a swamp renders the air unhealthy. 14 miles S. of Nevers, and 20 N. by W. of Moulins.

PIERRE D'OLERON, a town in the west of France, on the island of Oleron. Population 3000. It has a harbour, and some trade. 6 miles N. W. of Oleron.

PIERRE DE PLEIQUEIN, a town in the north-west of France, department of the Ille and Vilaine. Population 1800.

PIERREFORT, a town in the south of

France, department of the Cantal, with 1500 inhabitants. Here are manufactures of linen and thread stockings. 8 miles E. of Aurillac.

PIERRELATTE, a small town in the southeast of France, department of the Drome, situated at the foot of a large rock, not far from the Rhone. It has a castle, and 2800 inhabitants. 14 miles S. by W. of Montelimart, and 40 S. of Valence.

PIERREPORT, OF PIERRE PERTIUS, an artificial pass in Mount Jura, on the confines of the territory of Bienne and Soleure. It supposed to have been a work of the Romans. 8 miles N. W. of Bienne. PERREVILLE, ST, a town in the south of France, department of the Ardeche, with a population of 1500. 8 miles N. W. of Privas.

PIESING, a town of Germany, in Bavaria, er the confluence of the Salza and the Inn Population 900.

PIESTING, a large village of Lower Auson the river Piesting, with a manufacture of iron and lead wares. 9 miles W. of Ebenfurth.

PIETOLA, & village of Austrian Italy. This was the birthplace of Virgil, and a nument was long since erected to his memory, in the grotto where he was supposed to have studied; but it was destroyed in the war of 1701. Bonaparte caused an obelisk to be erected here to his memory, and granted the inhabitants an indemnity far their losses in the war of the French revolution. 2 miles from Mantua. PIETRA, a seaport in the province of Ge, with a population of 1700. 16 miles &W. of Savona.

PIETRA DE ROSS, OF PETRILLE ROSI, a mountain of European Turkey, forming part of the Carpathian chain, and situated between Moldavia and Transylvania. It is composed, in great part, of slate.

PIETRA MALA, a small town in the north of Italy, in Tuscany, 24 miles N. by W. of Florence, situated on the great road from that city to Bologna. In the neighbourhood there is a mountain, remarkable for a fame which rises continually from certain parts of its surface, without producing any of those effects which generally accompany volcanic eruptions. It burns both clear and bright, rises several feet from the surface of the earth, and is visible at a considerable distance. Various conjectures have been entertained by naturalists concerning the causes and nature of this phenomenon. PIETRA NERA, a small place in the south of Italy, in Calabria Ultra, on the sea coast. 12 miles S. W. of Nicotera, and 22 N. by

E. of Reggio.

PIETRAROJA, a town in the north-west part of the kingdom of Naples, in the

Terra di Lavoro, situated on Mount Matose. It contains 1700 inhabitants, and has in the neighbourhood quarries of red and yellow streaked stone, which receives a good polish.

PIETRA SANTA, a small town of Italy, in the grand duchy of Tuscany. It stands at the foot of a hill called Mount Vallechia, on which is situated a strong fortress. This town is well built, with straight, broad, and regular streets, and handsome churches; but it is situated in a marshy and unhealthy district. 6 miles S. E. of Massa, and 24 N. by W. of Leghorn.

PIETRO, ST, anciently Hieracum, small island in the Mediterranean, on the south-west coast of Sardinia, near the island of St Antioco, and 10 miles distant from the town of Iglesia, in Sardinia. It is populous and well cultivated. The inhabitants are employed in fishing, and in making bay-salt. The chief place is called Carlo Forte, and has a castle.

PIETRO A GALATINO, ST, a small town in the south-east of the kingdom of Naples, in the province of Otranto. 6 miles È. of Nardo, and 22 W. of Otranto.

PIETRO A PATERNO, ST, a town in the north-west part of the kingdom of Naples, near the capital, with 2500 inhabitants.

PIETRO DE FRATI, a very small island on the west coast of the kingdom of Naples, at the entrance of the gulf of Salerno.

PIEVE, a small town of Austrian Italy, in the Milanese, to the south of Milan. PIEVE, CIVITA DELLA. See Citta della Pieve.

PIEVE DEL CAIRO. See Cairo.

PIEVE DEL MONA, a small town of Austrian Italy, 5 miles E. N. E. of Cremona.

PIEVE DI SACCO, a town of Austrian Italy, on the Fiumicello, with 5100 inhabitants, and manufactures of woollens and silk. 10 miles S. E. of Padua.

PIEUX, a town in the north-west of France, department of La Manche. Population 1300. 9 miles S. W. of Cherburg, and 12 W. of Valognes.

PIGEON HOUSE, a mountain of New

Zealand, so named by captain Cook, from its supposed resemblance. Long. 209. 42. W. Lat. 35. 19. S.

PIGEON ISLAND, an island in Dusky bay, New Zealand, a little to the south of Facile harbour.

PIGEON ISLAND, a small island in the Eastern seas, near the coast of Canara. Long. 74. 5. E. Lat. 14. 2. N.

PIGEON ISLAND, a fortified island in Port Royal bay, Martinico.

PIGEON RIVER, a river of the United States, in Tennessee, which runs into the French Broad river, Long. 82. 56. W. Lat. 35. 46. N.-Little Pigeon joins the

Same river 9 miles below, in Jefferson county.

PIGNA, a town in the north of Italy, in Piedmont, with 2300 inhabitants. 9 miles N. E. of Vintimiglia, and 20 N. E. of Nice.

PIGNAN, a town in the south of France, department of the Herault. Population 1500. 12 miles W. of Montpelier. PIGNANS, a town in the south-east of France, department of the Var, with 2300 inhabitants. It has considerable manufactures of cotton cloth and paper; also some iron-works. The neighbourhood produces excellent fruit. 12 miles S. E. of Brignolles, and 23 N. E. of Toulon.

PIGNEROL. See Pinerolo.

PIGOT, POINT, the north point of entrance into Passage canal, in Prince William sound. Long. 212. 16. E. Lat. 60. 47. N.

PIGUE, PUNTA, a cape on the coast of Terra Firma. Long. 75. 20. W. Lat. 10.

40. N.

PIKE, a county of the United States, in Ohio, which lies on both sides of Scioto river. It has Scioto county south, Ross east and north, and Highland west. It is watered by the Scioto and its tributary creeks and brooks. The surface is considerably broken. It produces timber, oak, hickory, and maple. The soil is generally poor, except in the vallies. Piketown is the county seat.

PIKE, a town of the United States, in Ohio, situated on the banks of the Scioto, established in 1816. It contains 20 houses. PIKE, a county of the United States, in the Alabama territory. Population 2618, including 540 slaves.

PIKE, a township of the United States, in Alleghany county, New York.-2d, Á township of Clark county, Ohio.

PIKE, a river of Louisiana, which runs into the Mississippi, 70 miles below Sable lake.

PIKE RUN, a township of the United States, in Washington county, Pennsylvania. Population 1693.

PIKE RIVER, a river of Lower Canada, which, after a winding irregular course, falls into Missiqui bay from the north.

PIKELAND, a township of the United States, in Chester county, Pennsylvania, on the Schuylkill. Population 1001.

PIKESVILLE, a post village of the United States, in Baltimore county, Maryland. PIKETOWN, the capital of Pike county, in the state of Ohio, on the Scioto.

PILA, a small town in the west of Hungary, in the county of Presburg, with copper forges, saw mills, and fulling mills.

PILAR, an Indian settlement of Buenos Ayres. Long. 59. 13. W. Lat. 34, 25. S.—

It is ako the name of several other incon derable settlements.

PILATE, PILATUSBERG, Mons Pileat a mountain of Switzerland, on the we bank of the lake of Lucerne, about 70 feet high.

PILAYA Y PASPAYA, or CINTI, a pr vince of Peru, lying forty leagues sou of La Plata, and bounded on the north 1 Tomina and Pomabamba, on the east 1 the Chiriguanos Indians, and on the we and south by Porco and Chichas. length is about thirty leagues, and its wid forty; and this province is intersected all directions by the Cordillera, amo! whose breaches and vallies its inhabitan are settled. They are dispersed in differe estates, and amount to 12,000. The clima in the vallies is moderately hot, and t soil very productive. The grapes of th district are made into wine and brandie which are much esteemed in the neighbou ing provinces; and the river San Jua which rises in Lipes, pervades this countr The Toropalca and the Cinti also fertili the vallies through which they run; an the Supas and Agchilla form, by the united streams, the Paspaya, which divide the province from Pomabamba, and run into the Pilcomayo. The towns of Pilay and Paspaya were destroyed by the incur sions of the Indians from the east, so tha the corregidor resides on an estate in th fertile valley of Cinti; but there are som abundant lead mines in the settlement o Pototaca.

PILCOMAYO, a large river, formerly o Peru, but now included in the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, province of Charcas. I falls into the Paraguay on the left, by two branches, on the point of land formed by the most northern of which, the city of Assumption was founded by Gonzalez de Mendoza, in 1538. The other branch does not join the Paraguay till within a short distance of the confluence of the Vermejo. It is the largest river of the Gran Chaco, and is one of the most important of the branches of the Paraguay, forming a water communication of nearly nine hundred miles, with the province of Los Charcos, and the mines of Potosi. It rises in the western cordillera, and receiving various mountain torrents, passes near Potosi, whence the little river Tarapaya runs into it, and, it is said, carries with it from the mines a considerable quantity of silver. It is said, that owing to the quantity of quicksilver washed into the river from the mountains, no fish will live in it. But according to the best ac counts, this appears to be fabulous. In the mountainous country, however, no fish are found in it, until it begins to spread its stream over the plains of the Gran Chaco;

and here it begins to abound in alligators, which are said to be more numerous and mere voracious in this than in the other streams of the country. The navigation if the Pilcomayo, however, though at times practicable, with the exception of some rapids that are easily overcome, to its source, ho subject to occasional interruptions; and in dry seasons, it is in some places shallow for the smallest craft. In 1740, aflure of its waters is recorded, even at its source, by which the working of the Eines of Potosi was suspended, and the antry suffered severely. The island firmed by the two branches of the Pilcoay is low and marshy; insomuch that the rainy season, the two branches are cofounded, for the waters swell so much overflow the whole island, and even to Communicate with the Rio Vermejo. In the track of land adjoining the river, and subject to inundations, there are also sevepermanent lakes, but of inconsiderable extent, nameless, and unimportant. PILGRAM, a town of Bohemia, 57 miles 5. E. of Prague, and 23 E. of Tabor. Population 2500.

PILGRIMS, a small island on the southst shore of the St Lawrence, 103 miles below Quebec.

PILIBELT, a town and fortress of Hindostan, province of Delhi, and district of Parily. It is pleasantly situated on the eastern bank of the river Gowrah, and carhes on an extensive commerce in timber other articles brought from the Almora hills. It was the favourite residence of the hilla chief Hafiz Rahmut Khan, who was killed in the engagement with the British 1774, immediately after which it was inested by the army of the nabob Shuja addowlah, and surrendered without resistance. By this means the whole of the family, and the treasure of the unfortunate chief, fell into the hands of the nabob. The treasure was sent to Fyzabad, but the women and children to the fortress of Allahabal. Pilibeet was ceded, with the Bareily district, to the British in 1502, and has inproved since it came into their possession, bat will probably never recover the splendour it possessed under Hafiz Rahmut. Long. 79. 45. E. Lat. 28. 39. N.

PILICA, a rapid river in the south-west of Poland, which rises in the palatinate of Cracow, forms the west and north boundary of the palatinate of Sendomir, and falls into the Vistula a few miles from Czersk. PILICA, a town of Poland, 28 miles N. by W. of Cracow, on the river Pilica. Po palation 1900.

Piis, a large village of Hungary, 9 miles S. E. of Gran, remarkable only for two splendid castles.

PILIS, a small palatinate of Hungary, org the west side of the Danube, containing Buda. It is now united to the palatinate of Pest.

PILIS, a small town of the west of Hungary, 26 miles E. N. E. of Funfkirchen.

PILK ALLEN, a town of East Prussia, 17 miles N. E. of Gumbinnen. Population 1300. Long. 22. 30. E. Lat. 54. 45. N.

PILKINGTON, a township of England, in Lancashire, 4 miles S. S. W. from Bury. Population 7353.

PILLAR, a hill of England, in the county
Cumberland, 2893 feet in height.

of
PILLAR, a village of the island of Ita-
marca, on the coast of the province of Per-
nambuco, in Brazil. It is situated on the
eastern shore of the island, and is the prin-
cipal settlement on it. It is, however, in a
state of decay, and has a desolate neglected
appearance. There is a square, in which is
situated the parish church, the vicarage,
and about 15 cottages. Large pieces of
ground, however, now remain unoccupied,
the houses which stood on them having
been removed, and allowed to fall to decay.
There is a street connected with this
square, formed of low huts, and terminated
by a church.

PILLAR, CAPE, a high column or cape on the south-east coast of Van Diemen's Land, on the north-east shore of Storm bay. Long. 148. 8. E. Lat. 43. 12. S.

PILLAR, CAPE, a cape on the north-west coast of Terra del Fuego, forming the south-west point of entrance into the Straits of Magellan from the Pacific ocean. It is a very high land, or rather a mass of rocks, which terminate in two cliffs formed in the shape of towers, inclining to north-west, and making the extremity of the cape. Long. 76. 40. W. Lat. 52. 45. S.

PILLAU, a seaport of East Prussia, at the extremity of a narrow peninsula, between the Baltic and the long maritime inlet called the Frische Haff. It is well built in the Dutch style, but is important only for its harbour, its population being under 3000. The town itself is open, but adjoining to it is a regular fortress, considered the key to this part of Prussia on the sea side. The harbour, which serves as the port of Konigsberg, is commodious, but has only 12 feet of water; so that heavy laden ships find it necessary to discharge part of their cargo before they can come in. The number of vessels amounts to several hundreds annually. Pillau has a good fishery, particularly of sturgeons. The peninsula on the point of which it stands is a pleasant and fertile track. Near the fort is a fine plain, where the Frische Haff forms a semicircular bay, on the other side of which stands Alt or Old Pillau, consisting of two villages,

22 miles Long. 19. 52.

and inhabited by fishermen. W.S. W. of Konigsberg. 30. E. Lat. 54. 33. 39. N. PILLERE, a town of Hindostan, province of Golcondah, and district of Gurrumcondah, ceded by the Nizam to the British, in 1800. Long. 79. 5. E. Lat. 13. 32. N. PILLING, a township of England, in Lancashire, 6 miles W. Ñ. W. from Garstang. Population 840.

PILLOC, a high pointed rock in the Mediterranean, near the coast of Algiers. 3 miles N. W. of Cape Zibeel.

PILNITZ, a village of Saxony, on the Elbe, 4 miles E. S. E. of Dresden. Here is a royal palace, which has acquired an unfortunate celebrity in history, as the spot where the kings of Prussia, the emperor of Germany, and other sovereigns, concluded (August 1791) the treaty for the support of the Bourbons in France, which gave rise to the destructive wars of the revolution. This palace was burned down in 1818, but has been since rebuilt.

PILON DU ROI, ST, a mountain in the south of France, near Marseilles, about 2200 feet in height.

PILOTO, or SALINAS DEL PILOTO, upright craggy rocks on the west coast of Mexico, south-east of Cape Corientes, where there is good anchorage, and shelter from north-west, west, and south-west winds. There are salt-pits near this place.

PILSDON HILL, a hill of England, in Dorsetshire, 934 feet high.

PILSEN, a circle in the west of Bohemia, adjoining to Bavaria, to the south of the circle of Elnbogen. Its area is 1600 square miles; its population nearly 170,000. This circle had formerly large silver mines, but these are now exhausted, and iron forms the chief mineral product. The pastures of this district are good, and its cheese in high repute. The rivers Misa and Radbusa both have their sources here, and, after their junction, take the name of Beraun.

PILSEN, the chief town of the above circle, is situated at the angle formed by the Misa and the Radbusa, at their junction, and on the great road from Nuremberg to Prague. It contains 7400 inhabitants, and has become of late an active trading place. The chief manufactures are woollens, cottons, and leather; also articles of iron and horn. It is fortified, and has frequently been taken and retaken in the wars of Bohemia. PILSENITZ, OF OLD PILSEN, a market town of Bohemia, 5 miles S. E. of Pilsen, now much decayed.

PILSNO, a town of Austrian Poland, on the Wisloka, 60 miles E. of Cracow. Population 1600.

PILSUM, a large village of Germany, in East Friesland, near Grethsiehl.

PILTEN, a small town in the north-we of Russia, in Courland, situated on th river Windau, 20 miles N. W. of Goldir gen, and 80 W. by N. of Riga.

PILTON, a parish of England, in Devor shire, separated from Barnstaple by a bridg over the river Taw. Population 936.

PILTON, a parish of England, in Somer setshire, 2 miles S. W. from Shepton Mal let. Population 1158.

PILWARA, a town of Hindostan, provinc of Ajmere, district of Oudipore, and be longing to the Ranah. Long. 74. 25. E Lat. 25. 19. N.

PIMENT, PORT, a village on the south west coast of the south peninsula of th island of St Domingo, 4 leagues north west of Les Coteaux, between which ar two coves affording anchorage; that neares Coteaux is called Anse a Damassin. Por Piment is nearly 8 leagues E. by S. o Tiburon.

PIMERIA, a district of Mexico, now su perseded by a more recent geographical di vision of the country.

PIMOCHA, a settlement of Quito, in th province of Guayaquil, 36 miles N. N. E of Guayaquil.

PIMSANIM, a town of Chinese Tartary, 35 miles S. W. of Ning-yuen.

PIN, a city of China, of the second rank, in Shantung, 170 miles S. S. E. of Pe king.

PINAGOA, a small river of Quito, which enters the Putumayo.

PINAGRA, a town and fortress of the south of India, district of Baramahal, which was taken and destroyed by the British in 1790. Long. 78. 8. E. Lat. 12. 6. N.

PINAKATAIS, a small town in the north of Greece, in Magnesia, situated on an eminence, but deprived of a view of the sea by a mountain which rises in front. miles distant from the large village of St George.

PINANG, PULO. See Prince of Wales Island.

PINAR, CAPE, a cape on the north-east coast of Majorca. Long. 3. 13. E. Lat. 39. 53. N.

PINARE, an abundant river of Brazil, in the province of Maranham, which runs south, and turning towards the east, enters the Miari.

PINAS, a port of South America, in the province of Darien, in the Pacific, which is sheltered from all winds.

PINAS, a river of South America, in the province of Panama, which falls into the Atlantic ocean, to the west of Chagre.

PINAS, POINT, a low projecting point of land on the coast of New California, in Long. 238. 22. E. Lat. 36. 38. N. It is