Vancouver's party, and used every endeavour they thought likely to prevail on them to visit their habitations. Long. of the entrance, 232. 12. E. Lat. 51. 20. N. SMITH'S ISLAND, a small island near the east coast of Antigua. SMITH'S ISLAND, a small island in the Atlantic, near the coast of Virginia. This is one of a cluster collectively called Smith's islands. Long. 75. 52. W. Lat. 37. 15. N. SMITH'S POINT, a cape of the United States, on the coast of Virginia, forming the south limit of the Potomac. Lat. 37. 54. N. SMITH'S POND, a lake of the United States, in Walfsborough, New Hampshire, 3 miles long. SMITH'S RIVER, a river of the United States, in New Hampshire, which runs into the Merrimack, in the north part of New Chester. SMITH'S RIVER, a river of the United States, in Rockingham county, North Carolina, which runs into the Dan. SMITH'S RIVER. See Staunton. SMITH'S RIVER, so called by captains Lewis and Clarke, in honour of the American secretary of the navy. This river falls into the Missouri, on the south side, above the falls, and is about 80 yards wide. It takes its rise in the Rocky mountains. SMITH'S SOUND, a bay on the east coast of Newfoundland, bounded by cape Bona vista. SMITHFIELD, a hamlet of England, in Staffordshire, with a considerable pottery, situated near Newcastle-under-Line. SMITHFIELD, a post township of the United States, in Providence county, Rhode island, on the Pawtucket, 12 miles N. of Providence. It contains a bank, and 10 cotton manufactories, besides others.-2d, Of Maddison county, New York. It contains the village of Peterborough. Population 2651.-3d, A township of Lycoming county, Pennsylvania. Population 1084.4th, Of Fayette county, Pennsylvania.5th, (Lower) of Wayne county, Pennsylvania.-6th, (Lower) a township of Northampton county, Pennsylvania. Population 1236.-7th, A post township of the Isle of Wight county, Virginia, on Pagan creek, about six miles above its entrance into James river.-8th, A post township and capital of Johnson county, North Carolina, on the Neuse, 110 miles N. W. of Newbern. It contains a court-house and jail.-9th, Of Johnson county, North Carolina.-10th, Of Guernsey county, Ohio.-11th, Of Jefferson county, Ohio. Population 1228.-12th,Of Trumbull county, Ohio.-13th,Of Somerset county, Pennsylvania. SMITHLAND, post township of the United States, in Livingston county, Kentucky, on the Ohio, 3 miles below the mouth of the Cumberland. Population 99. SMITHSBOROUGH, a post village of the United States, in Oswego, New York. SMITHSBY, a parish of England, in Derbyshire, 24 miles N. N. W. of Ashby-de-laZouch. SMITHTOWN, a post township of the United States, in Suffolk county, New York, on the north side of Long Island, 53 miles E. of New York. Population 1592. SMITHVILLE, a township of the United States, in Chenango county, New York. Population 995. SMITHVILLE, a post township of the United States, in Brunswick county, North Carolina, near the mouth of Cape Fear river. Long. 78. 13. W. Lat. 33. 54. N. SMITHWICK, a village of England, in Staffordshire, 4 miles W. by N. of Bir mingham. Population 1328. SMOAKY BAY, a large bay on the west coast of the entrance into Cook's river, between Cape Douglas and Point Banks. SMOAKY CAPE, a cape on the east coast of New Holland. Long. according to cap tain Flinders, 153. 4. E. Lat. 30. 55. S. SMOCKSHOP INDIANS, a tribe of North America, on the Columbia, about 800 in number. SMOCKVILLE, & post township of the United States, in Jefferson county, Indiana. SMOKEHILL, a river of the United States, in Louisiana, which runs into the Kansas. SMOLENSKO, a government or province of the Russian empire, to the west of the government of Moscow, between 30. 50. and 35. 30. of E. longitude, and 53. 30. and 56. 25. of N. latitude. Its territorial extent is 21,400 square miles; its inhabitants, calculated at 1,050,000, are mostly Russians, with some Poles, Germans, and Jews; the great majority are members of the Greek church. The surface is generally level; for though it contains some heights, these are not of great size or extent. The principal rivers are the Duna, the Dnieper, the Desna, the Sosha, the Kasplia, the Uga, and the Viasma. The lakes are also numerous, being reckoned at more than 100, great and small. The climate is cold, but healthy. The soil consists of a mixture of clay or sand, with black mould, and is on the whole tolerably fertile. Corn, hemp, and flax, are cultivated extensively. Horses, black cattle, and sheep, are numerous, and of good breeds. A great part of the uncultivated land is covered by forests. The rivers supplying the means of conveyance, the exportation of the various agricultural products of this fertile province gives rise to an active traffic. The manufactures, on the other hand, are quite insignificant, and the distilling of spirituous liquors is the only one carried on on a large scale. This government corresponds to White Russia properly so called. It was ceded by Poland in 1667, and the cession confirmed in 1686. SMOLENSKO, a considerable town of European Russia, and the capital of the above government. It is built partly on two Irills, and partly in a valley between them, which is watered by the Dnieper, here a navigable stream flowing from east to west. The part to the south of that river is sur rounded with a massy wall 30 feet in height, 15 thick, and a mile and three quarters in circuit. The lower part of this wall is of stone, the upper of brick, and at each angle is a large tower. The whole is surrounded with a ditch and a sort of covered way; and some modern redoubts have been erected as outworks. Smolensko is thus a place of some strength, and standing on the great road to Moscow, the Russians made here their first serious opposition to the advance of the French, in the campaign of 1812. An obstinate conflict took place on the 16th and 17th of August, in which the town was bombarded and set on fire. The Russians were compelled to fall back, and the French extinguished the flames; but on quitting it in their disastrous retreat in November following, they blew up part of the works; and as most of the houses were of wood, about the half of them were destroyed on these two occasions. coast of Van Diemen's Land, in Norfolk bay, about three quarters of a mile long. SMYRNA, a large and commercial city of Asia Minor, situated at the head of a long and winding gulf of the Grecian archipelago. Smyrna is one of the most celebrated of the ancient cities of Asia, and claims, on pretty strong grounds, to be the birthplace of Homer. It is said originally to have been a colony from Ephesus, and soon attained to such a degree of prosperity, that it was received as the thirteenth city of Ionia. This original city, however, was destroyed by the Lydians; and the population continued dispersed in the neighbouring villages, till Antigonus and Lysimachus rebuilt it, though on a somewhat different spot. Its new splendour seems to have even surpassed what it formerly displayed: the streets were beautifully laid out, well paved, and adorned with porticos; the city contained also a gymnasium, a library, and a structure called the Homerium, consisting of a temple and portico dedicated to Homer, with a statue of that poet. Smyrna has ever since continued a flourishing city, and in modern times has been particularly distinguished for its trade, which is so extensive as to make it be considered the emporium of the Levant. The present town is about four miles in circuit, and extends about a mile along the water, in approaching from which it makes a very beautiful appearance. The bay is so completely landlocked, that nothing is seen from the town but the projecting points that inclose it. Smolensko is thinly inhabited, contain- The interior, as usual in Asiatic cities, does ing within its circumference several large not correspond to the splendour of its apgardens; the houses are generally of one proach. The streets are narrow, dirty, and story, and the population is supposed not ill paved. The bazaars, though well proto exceed 12,600. One large street divides vided with goods, are by no means splendid it into two, and is paved with stone; but in their structure. There are two very fine the others are paved, or rather floored, with caravanseras inclosing square courts, and planks. The part rebuilt since 1812 is of which being covered with cupolas, make a a good construction, and the number of very handsome appearance. The besesteins public edifices is considerable. Here are or shops also are arched over, and very fine. nearly 20 churches and chapels, besides Although the external appearance of the two cathedrals, and places of worship for houses be gloomy, the situation of those Lutherans and Catholics. Smolensko is a built along the water is very delightful, as bishop's see, has a seminary for priests, and they have all gardens attached to them, at ■ gymnasium or high school. It has also a the foot of which are summer houses overmilitary and trade's school, a foundling hos- looking the sea. At the east end of the pital, and a consistory. The manufactures city is a large hill, about three quarters of a are linen, leather, soap, and hats; and there mile in circumference, on which the castle is a pretty active trade in corn and hemp; was built. This edifice appears to have also wood, honey, wax, and furs, with Ri- been constructed by the Genoese, and to ga, and, to a smaller extent, with Dantzic have been by no means distinguished by any and the Ukraine. Prince Potemkin, the extraordinary magnificence. Along its cir favourite and general of Catherine II. was cuit, however, may still be traced the rea native of this town. 235 miles W. S. W. mains of a very thick and strong wall, apof Moscow, and 350 S. by E. of St Peters-parently that of the ancient castle, and burg. Long. 31. 56. 36. E. Lat. 54. 50. N. SMOOTH ISLAND, an island on the east corresponding in its dimensions with another, which appears to have surrounded the whole city. Of the sumptuous edifices which rendered Smyrna one of the brightest ornaments of the Lesser Asia, scarcely any remains can now be traced. The reason seems justly pointed out by Pococke, in the circumstance of so great a new city being built on the site of the old; whence all the ancient structures have been demolished, to serve as materials for the modern ones. Only the foundations can be seen of the splendid theatre, built on the slope of the hill, and the site of which is now covered with houses. On a gateway belonging to the castle is a colossal statue of very fine workmanship, though much mutilated, which has been supposed to be that of the Amazon Smyrna, from whom the city is reported to have derived its name. Marks of a very extensive aqueduct may also be traced, though a late traveller doubts if it be of very high antiquity. Behind the city is an extensive and most luxuriant plain, highly cultivated, and covered with numberless olive trees. It is watered by the river Meles, which is here from 50 to 100 yards broad, but contains little water, unless when artificially confined. The chief inconvenience in the situation of Smyrna is its being extremely liable to earthquakes, which from time to time cause some injury and great alarm to the inhabitants. A heavier calamity, common to it with all the oriental cities, is the plague. In 1814 this disease produced such ravages, that its victims were estimated at from 50,000 to 60,000. The inhabitants of Smyrna are usually reckoned at 100,000,of whom Mr Turner supposes the Turks to amount to between 50,000 and 60,000, the Greeks to 30,000, the Armenians to 8000, and the Franks or Europeans to 2000 or 3000. The latter form a more numerous and agreeable society than in any other Turkish town. The export trade of Smyrna consists of very rich commodities, raw silk, Turkey carpets, unwrought cotton, and the beautiful goats hair or mohair of Angora, which is used in several of our finer manufactures. It sends out also a considerable quantity of raisins, a little muscadine wine, and a variety of drugs, as rhubarb, amber, musk, lapis lazuli, and gums. A certain number of pearls, diamonds, and other precious stones, are also exported. The imports are chiefly woollen cloths, lead, tin, glass, and wrought silks. Long. 27. 4. 45. E. Lat. 38. 29. N. SMYRNA, a post township of the United States, in Chenango county, New York, 105 miles W. of Albany. Population 1334. SMYRNA, formerly DUCK CREEK or SAJISBURY, a post township of the United States, in Kent county, Delaware, on Duck creek, about 10 miles above its mouth. Population 600. SNABEDSK, a village of European Russia, in the government of Niznei-Novgorod, with large iron works. SN.EFELI. JOKLE, a lofty mountain of Iceland, on the north-west coast. It is 6800 feet in height, and more than the half of it is covered with perpetual snow. SNAILWELL, a parish of England, in Cambridgeshire, 34 miles N. N. W. of Newmarket. SNAINTON, a township of England, North Riding of Yorkshire, 9 miles S. W. of Scarborough. Population 525. SNAITH, a market town and parish of England, in the West Riding of Yorkshire. It stands on a gentle eminence, which rises from the southern bank of the river Aire. The church is an ancient building in the pointed style, remarkable only as the burial place of the ancestors of lord viscount Down, The parish includes 11 townships, which united, contain 1133 houses, and 5095 inhabitants, of whom about 745 reside in the town. Market on Thursday, and three an nual fairs for horned cattle, sheep, woollen cloth, linen, and cheese. 22 miles S. by E of York, and 174 N. by W. of London. SNAKE CREEK, a river of the United States, in Louisiana, which runs into the Missouri, 246 miles from the Mississippi. SNAKE INDIANS, a tribe of savages in North America, on the south-west side of the Missouri. Long. 107. W. Lat. 47. N. They are described under the title of Shoshonees, which see. SNAKE ISLANDS, a cluster of small islands in the Indian sea, near the eastern coast of Africa. Lat. 5. 20. S. SNAPE, a parish of England, in Suffolk, miles S. by E. of Saxmundham. Popu lation 456. 2 SNAPE, a township of England, North Riding of Yorkshire, 3 miles S. of Bedale, Population 646. SNARES, a cluster of seven craggy islands in the South Pacific ocean, discovered by captain Vancouver, on the 24th of Novem ber 1791. They appeared destitute of ver dure; and it is more than probable they never produced any. The largest, which is the north-easternmost, captain Vancou ver supposed to be in extent equal to all the rest: it is about 9 miles in circuit, sufficiently elevated to be seen in clear weather eight or nine leagues off; and is situated Long. 166. 20. E. Lat. 48. 3. 8. On the 23d of the same month, these islands had been discovered by Mr Brough ton, who passed through them, and gave to the largest the name of Knight's island. For Mr Broughton's account, see Knight's island. SNARESTON, or SNARKESTON, a hamlet of England, in Leicestershire, 6 miles N.W, of Market Bosworth. SNARFORD, a parish of England, in Lincolnshire, 54 miles S. W. of Market Raisin. SNARGATE, a parish of England, in Kent, 6 miles N. W. of New Romney. SNAVE, a parish of England, in Kent, 4 miles N. W. of New Romney. SNEADE, a township of England, in Worcestershire, 5 miles S. W. of Bewdley. SNEATON, a parish of England, North Riding of Yorkshire, 24 miles S. by W. of Whitby. SNEECK, or SNITS, a fortified town of the Netherlands, in the province of Friesland, situated in a low marshy district, on a lake of the saine name. It is well built, and contains 5000 inhabitants. It has a considerable trade in beer, and some manufactures of linen. 13 miles S. of Leeuwarden. SNEEHATTA, the highest of all the mountains of Norway, is situated in the Doffrefield chain, about Lat. 62. 18. N. Its elevation above the sea is not more than 8000 feet; but in this latitude, above 4000 of these are above the line of perpetual congelation. SNEIRNE, a village of Irak, in Persia, 57 miles W. N. W. of Hamadan. SNELLAND, a parish of England, in Lincolnshire, 4 miles W. N. W. of Wragby. SNELLSTON, a hamlet of England, in Cheshire, 5 miles S. E. of Nether Knutsford. SNELSTON, a parish of England, in Derbyshire, 3 miles S. W. of Ashborne. Population 449. SNENTON, a village of England, three quarters of a mile from the town of Nottingham. Population 953. SNETTERTON, a parish of England, in Norfolk, 3 miles N. of East Harling. SNETTISHAM, a parish of England, in Norfolk, 6 miles N. by E. of Castle Rising. Population.880. SNETTISHAM, PORT, a harbour on the west coast of North America, in Stephens's Passage, which extends a league from its entrance in a north-east direction, where on each side the shores form an extensive cove, terminated by a sandy beach, with a fine stream of fresh water. The shores are high and steep, and produce very few trees. Long. of its north-west point, 226. 22. E. Lat. 57. 53. N. SNEUWBERG, or SNOW MOUNTAIN, an extensive range, stretching through the district of Graaf Reynet, in the eastern part of the territory of the Cape of Good Hope. It forms one of the divisions into which this district is divided. The pas ture is excellent, and the abundance of cattle very great, though the settlers cannot without difficulty defend their property against the attacks of the wild Bosjes mans. This track, however, may be considered as the grand repository both of sheep and horned cattle in the colony, many families possessing 4000 or 5000 head. SNEYDSBOROUGH, or SNEEDSBOROUGH, & post township of the United States, in Richmond county, North Carolina, on the Yadkin. SNIATYN, a town of Austrian Galicia, near the Pruth. It is surrounded by marshes, and contains 4000 inhabitants, of whom about 500 are Armenians. There are here considerable tanneries. 120 miles S. E. of Lemberg, and 28 W. of Czernowitz. Long. 22. 48. E. Lat. 48. 39. N. SNIBSTON, a hamlet of England, county of Leicester, 5 miles S. E. of Ashby de la Zouch. SNICKER'S GAP, a post village of the United States, in Loudoun county, Virginia. SNIESCNICZA, a mountain in Austrian Dalmatia, in the Ragusan territory, called from its height "the Snowy Mountain," and still containing the ruins of a temple dedicated to Esculapius. SNITTER, a hamlet of England, in Northumberland, 13 miles S. W. of Alnwick. SNITTERBY, a parish of England, in Lincolnshire, 9 miles N. W. of Market Raisin. SNITTERFIELD, a parish of England, in Warwickshire, 4 miles N. by E. of Stratford-upon-Avon. Population 605. SNITTERTON, a hamlet of England, in Derbyshire, 2 miles W. by N. of Matlock. SNIZORT, a parish of Scotland, in the isle of Skye, about 18 miles long and 9: broad, of an irregular figure. Population 2750. SNODLAND, a parish of England, in Kent, 2 miles N. W. of Aylesford. SNOREHAM, a hamlet of England, in Essex, 5 miles S. S. E. of Maldon. SNORING, GREAT, a parish of England, in Norfolk, 2 miles S. S. E. of Little Walsingham. SNORING, LITTLE, a hamlet in the foregoing parish, 3 miles N. E. of Fakenham. SNOV, a small town of Russian Lithuania, in the government of Wilna. SNOW RIVER, a river of North America, which runs into the Missouri, 35 miles be low the Great Falls. SNOW BIRD LAKE, a lake of North Ame rica, west of Hudson's bay. SNOWDON MOUNTAIN, a mountain of Wales, in the county of Caernarvon, the highest mountain of Wales, and the most remarkable for the extent of the great ridge of hills with which it is connected and forms the summit. These mountains, which take the general name of Snowdon, are situated to the south-east of the county, SNOWHILL, a post village of the United States, in Greene county, North Carolina. SNOWSHILL, a parish of England, in Gloucestershire, 5 miles N. E. of Winchcombe. SNUG BAY, a bay in the straits of Magel. lan, north-north-west of Cape Froward. SNUG BAY POINT, a cape in the straits of Magellan, 8 miles N. N. W. of Cape Froward. SNUG COVE, a harbour on the east coast of New Holland, in Two-fold bay. Long. 150. 3. W. Lat. 37. 4. S. SNUG CORNER COVE, a bay on the west coast of North America, in Prince William sound, which takes first a direction south by east four miles, and then east about four miles further. Its west point is situated in Long. 213. 48. E. Lat. 60. 45. N. SNYDALL, or SNIDALE, a hamlet of England, West Riding of Yorkshire, 4 miles W. by S. of Pontefract. SNYTE, a small river of England, which rises in Leicestershire, and passing through Nottinghamshire, runs into the Dean at Shilton. and extend to the confines of Merioneth- 1000 inhabitants, and has considerable shire. They are called by the Weish the trade. The shipping belonging to this port, mountains of Eryri, and according to an in 1816, amounted to 8458 tons. 125 miles ancient proverb mentioned by Giraldus, S. of Philadelphia. Long. 75. 30. W. Lat. were considered to be so extensive and pro- 38. 10. N. ductive, as to be capable of yielding sufficient pasture for all the herds in Wales, if collected together. Camden remarks of these mountains, that "they may be properly termed the British Alps; for besides their great height, they are also no less inaccessible, by reason of the steepness of their rocks, than the Alps themselves; and they all encompass one hill, which, far exceeding the rest in height, does so tower its head aloft, that it seems, I shall not say to threaten the sky, but to thrust its summit into it. It harbours snow continually, being throughout the year covered with it, or rather with a hardened crust of snow; and hence the British name of Craig Eryri, and the English one of Snowdon." The highest peak of Snowdon is elevated, according to the Trigonometrical Survey of England, 3571 feet above the level of the sea. But this is still nearly 2000 feet below the line of perpetual snow in that latitude; so that Camden is mistaken when he says that snow lies here all the year. The snow, however, begins to fall in November, and is seldom melted till the middle of June. Snowdon, though the highest mountain in Wales, is far from being the most picturesque in its form. Cader Iris, Molwyn, and Arran, in North Wales, and Cader Arthur, near Brecknock, present a much bolder outline. The usual mode of ascent to Snowdon is by Llyn Cawellyn, about midway between Beddgellert and Caernarvon. The view from the summit is beyond measure grand and extensive; and in a clear day, and when the mountain is free of clouds, which, however, is but seldom the case, the eye can trace the hills of Scotland, with part of the coast, the high mountains of Westmoreland and Cumberland, and some of the hills of Lancashire; even the county of Wicklow is on some occasions partly visible, and the whole of the Isle of Man. All the intermediate country appears as if in a map; and even the adjacent mountains, which are of great height, seem directly under the eye. The mountain of Snowdon was held sacred by the ancient Britons, in the same manner as Parnassus was by the Greeks, and Ida by the Cretans. SNOWHILL, a post town and port of entry of the United States, and capital of Worcester county, Maryland, on the Pocomoke, 25 miles from its mouth. It is pleasantly situated, and contains a court-house, a jail, an academy, a bank, three houses of public worship, one for Presbyterians, one for Episcopalians, and one for Methodists, and about SOA, a small island of the Hebrides, about a mile in circumference, lying near the remote island of St Kilda. SOA, a settlement in the island of Cubs, 60 miles N. of St Jago. SOAGHUN, a town of Hindostan, province of Malwah, belonging to the Makrattas. Long. 74. 50. E. Lat. 23. 12. N. SOANE, a river of Hindostan, which has its source in the vicinity of the famous temple of Omercuntuc, in the province of Gundwaneh. It first runs in a northerly direction through part of the province of Allahabad; after which, turning to the eastward, it pursues its course towards the Ganges, and joins that river 29 miles above the city of Patna, in Bahar, after having performed a winding course of about 500 miles. It is said formerly to have produc ed gold, and to have received its name from that circumstance. At present it produces a variety of pebbles, particularly a black stone called salagram, held in great veneration by Hindoos. It is only navigable by large boats during the rainy season; and during the other part of the year it is fordable everywhere but near the mouth, but is full of quicksands. Some persons are of opinion that the Palibothra of the Greeks stood at the junction of this river with the Ganges; but at that period it was several miles lower down than at present. SOANGUR, a town of Hindostan, pro |