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Spanheim, Reland, and Lowman-Principle of Distribution-
Each Tribe confined to a separate Locality-Property unalien-
able-Conditions of Tenure-Population of the Tribes-Num-
ber of principal Families-A General Government or National
Council The Judges-Nature of their Authority-Not Ordinary
Magistrates-Different from Kings, Consuls, and Dictators-
Judicial Establishments-Judges and Officers-Described by
Josephus-Equality of Condition among the Hebrews-Their
Inclination for a pastoral Life-Freebooters like the Arabs—
Abimelech, Jephthah, and David-Simplicity of the Times-
Boaz and Ruth-Perpetuity of their Customs-Tribe of Levi-
Object of their Separation-The Learned Professions Hereditary,
after the Manner of the Egyptians-The Levitical Cities—Their
Number and Uses-Opinion of Michaelis-Summary View of the
Times and Character of the Hebrew Judges,............... Page 41
CHAPTER III.
HISTORICAL OUTLINE FROM THE ACCESSION OF SAUL TO
THE DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM.
Weakness of Republican Government-Jealousy of the several
Tribes-Resolution to have a King-Rules for Regal Government
-Character of Saul-Of David-Troubles of his Reign-Acces-
sion of Solomon-Erection of the Temple-Commerce-Murmurs
of the People-Rehoboam-Division of the Tribes-Kings of Is-
rael-Kingdom of Judah-Siege of Jerusalem-Captivity-Kings
of Judah-Return from Babylon-Second Temple-Canon of
Scripture Struggles between Egypt and Syria-Conquest of Pa-
lestine by Antiochus-Persecution of Jews-Resistance by the
Family of Maccabæus-Victories of Judas-He courts the Alli-
ance of the Romans-Succeeded by Jonathan-Origin of the As-
monean Princes-John Hyrcanus-Aristobulus-Alexander Jan-
næus-Appeal to Pompey-Jerusalem taken by Romans-Herod
created King by the Romans-He repairs the Temple-Archelaus
succeeds him, and Antipas is nominated to Galilee-Quirinius Pre-
fect of Syria-Pontius Pilate-Elevation of Herod Agrippa-
Disgrace of Herod Philip―Judea again a Province-Troubles-
Accession of Young Agrippa-Felix-Festus-Florus-Com-
mand given to Vespasian-War-Siege of Jerusalem by Ti-
tus, ..Page 70
CHAPTER IV. I
LITERATURE AND RELIGIOUS USAGES OF THE ANCIENT
HEBREWS.
Obscurity of the Subject-Learning issued from the Levitical Col-
leges-Schools of the Prophets-Music and Poetry-Meaning of
the Term Prophesy-Illustrated by References to the Old Tes-
tament and to the New-The Power of Prediction not confined to
those bred in the Schools-Race of False Prophets—Their Ma-
lignity and Deceit-Micaiah and Ahab-Charge against Jeremiah
the Prophet-Criterion to distinguish True from False Prophets
-The Canonical Writings of the Prophets-Literature of Pro-
phets-Sublime Nature of their Compositions-Examples from
Psalms and Prophetical Writings-Humane and liberal Spirit—
Care used to keep alive the Knowledge of the Law-Evils arising
from the Division of Israel and Judah-Ezra collects the Ancient
Books-Schools of Prophets similar to Convents-Sciences-As-
tronomy-Division of Time, Days, Months, and Years-Sabbaths
and New Moons-Jewish Festivals-Passover-Pentecost-
Feast of Tabernacles-Of Trumpets-Jubilee-Daughters of Ze-
lophedad Feast of Dedication-Minor Anniversaries-Solemn
Character of Hebrew Learning-Its easy Adaptation to Christi-
anity-Superior to the Literature of all other Ancient Na-
tions,......
.103
CHAPTER V.
DESCRIPTION OF JERUSALEM.
Pilgrimages to the Holy Land-Arculfus-Willibald-Bernard-
Effect of Crusades-William de Bouldesell-Bertrandon de la Bro-
quiere-State of Damascus-Breidenbach-Baumgarten—Bar-
tholemeo Georgewitz-Aldersey-Sandys-Doubdan-Cheron-
Thevenot-Gonzales-Morison - Maundrell-Pococke-Road
from Jaffa to Jerusalem-Plain of Sharon-Rama or Ramla-
Condition of the Peasantry-Vale of Jeremiah-Abou-Goosh—
Jerusalem-Remark of Chateaubriand-Impressions of different
Travellers-Dr Clarke-Tasso-Volney-Henniker-Mosque of
Omar described-Mysterious Stone-Church of Holy Sepulchre-
Ceremonies of Good Friday-Easter-The Sacred Fire-Grounds
for Scepticism-Folly of the Priests-Emotion upon entering the
Holy Tomb-Description of Chateaubriand-Holy Places in City
-On Mount Sion-Pool of Siloam-Fountain of the Virgin—
Valley of Jehoshaphat-Mount of Offence-The Tombs of Zecha-
riah, of Jehoshaphat, and of Absalom-Jewish Architecture-Dr
Clarke's Opinion on the Topography of Ancient Jerusalem-Op-
posed by other Writers The Inexpediency of such Discus-
sions, Page 132
CHAPTER VI.
DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY SOUTH AND EAST OF
JERUSALEM.
Garden of Gethsemane Tomb of Virgin Mary-Grottos on Mount
of Olives_View of the City-Extent and Boundaries_View of
Bethany and Dead Sea-Bethlehem-Convent Church of the
Nativity described-Paintings-Music-Population of Bethle-
hem-Pools of Solomon-Dwelling of Simon the Leper-Of
Mary Magdalene-Tower of Simeon-Tomb of Rachel-Convent
of St John-Fine Church-Tekoa-Bethulia-Hebron-Sepul-
chre of Patriarchs-Al-baid-Kerek-Extremity of Dead Sea-
Discoveries of Bankes, Legh, Irby, and Mangles-Convent of St
Saba-Valley of Jordan-Mountains-Description of Lake As-
phaltites-Remains of ancient Cities in its Basin-Quality of its
Waters-Apples of Sodom-Tacitus, Seetzen, Hasselquist, Cha-
teaubriand-Width of River Jordan-Jericho Village of Rihhah
-Balsam-Fountain of Elisha-Mount of Temptation-Place of
Blood-Anecdote of Sir F. Henniker-Fountain of the Apostles
-Return to Jerusalem-Markets-Costume-Science-Arts-
Language-Jews-Present Condition of that People,...Page 189
CHAPTER VII.
DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY NORTHWARD OF
Grotto of Jeremiah-Sepulchres of the Kings-Singular Doors—
Village of Leban-Jacob's Well-Valley of Shechem-Nablous
-Samaritans-Sebaste-Jennin-Gilead-Geraza or Djerash
Description of Ruins-Gergasha of the Hebrews-Rich Scenery
of Gilead-River Jabbok-Souf-Ruins of Gamala-Magnificent
Theatre-Gadara-Capernaum or Talhewm-Sea of Galilee—
Bethsaida and Chorazin-Tarachea-Sumuk-Tiberias-De-
scription of modern Town-House of St Peter-Baths-Uni-
versity-Mount Tor or Tabor-Description by Pococke, Maun-
drell, Burckhardt, and Doubdan-View from the Top-Great
Plain-Nazareth-Church of Annunciation-Workshop of Jo-
seph-Mount of Precipitation-Table of Christ-Cana or Kefer
Kenna-Water-pots of Stone-Saphet or Szaffad-University-
French-Sidney Smith-Dan-Sepphoris-Church of St Anne
-Description by Dr Clarke-Baalbec-Temple of Aphaca—
Vale of Zabulon-Vicinity of Acre,.........................
CHAPTER VIII.
THE HISTORY OF PALESTINE FROM THE FALL OF JERUSA-
LEM TO THE PRESENT TIME.
State of Judea after Fall of Jerusalem-Revolt under Trajan-
Barcochab-Adrian repairs Jerusalem-Schools at Babylon and
Tiberias-The attempt of Julian to rebuild the Temple-Inva-
sion of Chosroes-Sack of Jerusalem-Rise of Islamism-Wars
of the Caliphs-First Crusade-Jerusalem delivered-Policy of
Crusades-Victory at Ascalon-Baldwin King-Second Crusade
-Saladin-His success at Tiberias-He recovers Jerusalem
The Third Crusade-Richard Cœur de Lion-Siege and Capture
of Acre-Plans of Richard-His Return to Europe-Death of
Saladin-Fourth Crusade-Battle of Jaffa-Fifth Crusade-Fall
of Constantinople-Sixth Crusade-Damietta taken-Reverses―
Frederick the Second made King of Jerusalem-Seventh Crusade
-Christians admitted into the Holy City-Inroad of Karismians
-Eighth Crusade under Louis IX.-He takes Damietta-His
Losses and Return to Europe-Ninth Crusade-Louis IX. and
Edward I.-Death of Louis-Successes of Edward-Treaty with
Sultan-Final Discomfiture of the Franks in Palestine, and Loss
of Acre-State of Palestine under the Turks-Increased Tolera-
tion-Bonaparte invades Syria-Siege of Acre and Defeat of
French—Rupture between the Porte and the Viceroy of Egypt
-Successes of Ibrahim-Crosses Mount Taurus-His Victory
at Keniah-Actual State of the Holy Land-Number, Condi-
tion, and Character of the Jews,..
.Page 294
CHAPTER IX.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF PALESTINE.
Travellers too much neglect Natural History-Maundrell, Hassel-
quist, Clarke-GEOLOGY-Syrian Chain-Libanus-Calcareous