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love, consider your estate; remember you are a learned man, you have taken degrees in the school, borne the office of bishop, remember you are an old man, spare your body, accelerate not your death, and specially remember your soul's health, quiet of your conscience; consider that, if should die in this state, you shall be a stinking sacrifice to God; for it is the cause that maketh the martyr, and not the death; consider that, if you die in this state, you die without grace, for without the church can be no salvation. Let not vain glory have the upper hand; humiliate yourself, captivate your understanding, subdue your reason, submit yourself to the determination of the church; do not force us to do all that we may do, let us rest in that part which we most heartily desire; and I, for my part, (then the bishop put off his cap) again, with all my heart, exhort you.

After the Bishop had somewhat paused, then M. Latimer lift up his head, (for before he leaned on his elbow) and asked, whether his lordship had said? and the bishop answered, yea. Lat. Then will your lordship give me leave to speak a word or two?

Lin. Yea, Master Latimer, so that you use a modest kind of talk, without railing or taunts.

Lat. I beseech your lordship, license me to sit down. Lin. At your pleasure, Master Latimer, take as much ease as you will.

Lat. Your lordship gently exhorted me, in many words, to come to the unity of the church. I confess (my lord) a Catholic church, spread throughout all the world, in the which no man may err; without the which unity of the church, no man can be saved. But I know perfectly, by God's word, that this church is in all the world, and hath not his foundation in Rome only, as you say; and methought your lordship brought a place out of the scriptures to confirm the same, that there was a jurisdiction given to Peter, in that Christ bade him regere, govern his people. Indeed, my lord, St. Peter did well and truly his office, in that he was bid regere; but since the Bishops of Rome have taken a new kind of regere. Indeed they ought to regere, but how, my lord? not as they will themselves, but this regere must be hedged and ditched in. They must regere, but secundum verbum Dei-they must rule, but according to the word of God. But the Bishops of Rome have turned regere secundum verbum Dei, into regere secundum voluntatem suam: they have turned the rule according to the word of God, into the rule according to their own pleasures, and as it pleased them best. As there is a book set forth which hath divers points in it, and amongst others, this point is one, which your lordship went about to prove by this word regere; and the argument which he bringeth forth for the proof of that matter is taken out of

Deuteronomy, where it is said, if there ariseth any controversy among the people, the priests, Levitici generis, of the order of Levi, shall decide the matter secundum legem Dei, according to the law of God, so it must be taken. This book, perceiving the authority to be given to the priests of the old law, taketh occasion to prove the same to be given to the bishops and other clergy of the new law; but in proving this matter, whereas it was said there, as the priests of the order of Levi, should determine according to God's law, that, according to God's law was left out, and only is recited, as the priests of the order of Levi shall decide the matter; so it ought to be taken of the people-a large authority, I ensure you. What gelding of scripture is this? What clipping of God's coin? With the which terms the audience smiled. This is much like the regere which your lordship talked of. Nay, nay, my lords, we may not give such authority to the clergy, to rule all things as they will. Let them keep themselves within their commission. Now, I trust, my lords, I do not rail yet.

Lincoln. No, Master Latimer, your talk is more like taunts than railing but in that I have not read the book which you blame so much, nor know not of any such, I can say nothing therein.

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Lat. Yes, my lord, the book is open to be read, and is intituled to one which is Bishop of Gloucester, whom I never knew, neither did I at any time see him to my knowledge. With that the people laughed, because the Bishop of Gloucester sat then in commission. Then the Bishop of Gloucester stood up, and said it was his book.

Lat. Was it yours, my lord! Indeed I knew not your lordship, neither ever did see you before, neither yet see you now, through the brightness of the sun shining betwixt you and me. Then the audience laughed again, and Master Latimer spake unto them, saying, Why, my masters, this is no laughing matter. Va vobis qui ridetis nunc, quoniam flebitis.

The Bishop of Lincoln commanded silence, and then said,

Lin. Master Latimer, if you had kept yourself within your bounds, if you had not used such scoffs and taunts, this had not been done.

After this, the Bishop of Gloucester said, in excusing of his book:

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ID Gloucester. Master Latimer, hereby every man may see what learning you have.

Then M. Latimer interrupted him, saying:

Lat. Lo! you look for learning at my hands which have gone so long to the school of oblivion, making the bare walls my library, keeping me so long in prison without book or pen and ink, and now you let me look to come and answer to

articles. You deal with me as though two were appointed to fight for life and death, and over-night the one, through favour, is cherished and hath good counsel given him how to encounter with his enemy; the other, for envy or lack of friends, all the whole night is set in the stocks. In the morning when they shall meet, the one is in strength and lusty, the other is stark of his limbs, and almost dead for feebleness. Think you not, that to run through this man with a spear is a goodly victory. But the Bishop of Gloucester interrupting his answer, proceeded, saying:

Glo. I went not about to recite any places of scripture in that place of my book: for then, if I had not recited it faithfully, you might have had just occasion of reprehension: but I only in that place formed an argument, a majore, in this sense : that if, in the old law, the priests had powers to decide matters of controversies, much more then ought the authority to be given to the clergy in the new law; and I pray you, in this point, what availeth the rehearsal, secundum legem Dei.

Lat. Yes, my lord, very much. For I acknowledge authority to be given to the spiritualty to decide matters of religion, and as my lord said even now, regere, but they must do it secundum verbum Dei, and not secundum voluntatem suam, according to the word and law of God, and not after their own will, after their own imaginations and fantasies.

The Bishop of Gloucester would have answered more, saving, that the Bishop of Lincoln said, that they came not to dispute with Master Latimer, but to take his determinate answers to their articles; and so began to propose the same articles which were proposed to Master Ridley. But Master Latimer interrupted him, speaking to the Bishop of Gloucester.

Well, my lord, I could wish more faithful dealing with God's word, and not to leave out a part, and scratch a part here, and another there, but to rehearse the whole faithfully.

But the Bishop of Lincoln, not attending to this saying of Master Latimer, proceeded in rehearsing the articles, in form and sense, as followeth :

1. We do object to thee, Hugh Latimer, in this high University of Oxford, Anno 1554, in the months of April, May, June, July, or in some one or more of them, thou hast affirmed, and openly defended and maintained, and in many other times and places besides, that the true and natural body of Christ, after the consecration of the priest, is not really present in the sacrament of the altar.

2. Item, That in the year and months aforesaid, thou hast publicly affirmed and defended, that in the sacrament of the altar. remaineth still the substance of bread and wine..

3. Itemt, That in the said year and months thou hast open

ly affirmed, and obstinately maintained, that in the mass is no propitiatory sacrifice for the quick and dead.

4. Item, That in the year, place, and month aforesaid, these thy foresaid assertions solemnly have been condemned by the scholastical censure of this school, as heretical and contrary to the Catholic faith, by the worshipful master Doctor Weston, prolocutor then of the convocation-house, as also by other learned men of both the universities.

5. Item, That all and singular the premises be true, notorious, famous, and openly known by public fame, as well to them near hand, as also to them in distant places far off.

Then Master Latimer making his protestation, that notwithstanding these his answers, it should not be taken that thereby he would acknowledge any authority of the Bishop of Rome, saying that he was the King and Queen their majesties subject, and not the Pope's, neither could serve two masters at one time, except he should first renounce one of them: required the notaries so to take his protestation, that whatsoever he should say or do, it should not be taken as though he did thereby agree to any authority that came from the Bishop of Rome.

The Bishop of Lincoln said, his protestation should be so taken; but he required him to answer briefly, affirmatively or negatively, to the first article, and so recited the same again; and Master Latimer answered as followeth :

Lat. I do not deny, my lord, that in the sacrament, by spirit and grace, is the very body and blood of Christ, because that every man by receiving bodily that bread and wine, spiritually receiveth the body and blood of Christ, and is made partaker thereby of the merits of Christ's passion; but I deny that the body and blood of Christ is in such sort in the sacrament as you would have it.

Lin. Then, Master Latimer, you answer affirmatively.

Lat. Yea, if you mean of that gross and carnal being, which you do take.

The notaries took his answer to be affirmatively.

Lin. What say you, Master Latimer, to the second article? and recited the same.

Lat. There is, my lord, a change in the bread and wine, and such a change as no power but the omnipotence of God can make, in that that which before was bread should now have that dignity to exhibit Christ's body, and yet the bread is still bread, and the wine still wine: for the change is not in the nature, but the dignity, because now that which was common bread hath the dignity to exhibit Christ's body: for whereas it was common bread, it is now no more common bread, neither ought it to be so taken, but as holy bread sanctified by God's word.

With that the Bishop of Lincoln smiled, saying:

Lin. So, Master Latimer, see what stedfastness is in your doctrine. That which you abhorred and despised most, you now most establish; for whereas you most railed at holy bread, you now make your communion holy bread.

Lat. Tush, a rush for holy bread. I say the holy bread in the communion is a holy bread indeed.

But the Bishop of Lincoln interrupted him, and said,

Lin. O you make a difference between holy bread and holy bread (with that the audience laughed). Well, Master Latimer, is not this your answer, that the substance of bread and wine remaineth still the same?

Lat. Yes, verily, it must needs be so. For Christ himself calleth it bread, St. Paul calleth it bread, the Doctors confess the same, the nature of a sacrament confirmeth the same, and I call it holy bread, not in that I make no difference betwixt your holy bread and this, but for the holy office which it beareth, that is, to be a figure of Christ's body, and not only a bare figure, but effectually to represent the same.

So the notaries penned his answer to be affirmatively.

Lin. What say you to the third question? and recited

the same.

Lat. No, no, my lord; Christ made one perfect sacrifice for all the whole world, neither can any man offer him again, neither can the priest offer up Christ again for the sins of man, which he took away by offering himself once for all (as St. Paul saith) upon the cross, neither is there any propitiation for our sins, saving his cross only.

So the notaries penned his answer to this article also to be affirmatively.

Lin. What say you to the fourth? and so recited it. After the recital whereof, when Master Latimer answered not, the Bishop asked him whether he heard him or no?

Lat. Yes; but I do not understand what you mean thereby.

Lin. Marry only this, that these your assertions were condemned by Master Doctor Weston as heresies; is it not so, Master Latimer?

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Lat. Yes, I think they were condemned, but how unjustly, he that shall be the Judge of all, knoweth.

So the notaries took his answer to this article also, to be affirmatively.

Lin. What say you, Master Latimer, to the fifth article?

and recited it.

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Lat. I know not what you mean by these terms. lawyer, I would you would propose the matter plainly. Lin. In that we proceed according to law, we must use their

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