not only fet the Perfian and Rekhtu gbuzul, ode, murseeu, elegy, tuppa, a glee, khe al, a catch, qoul, an air, turanu, a fymphony, to mufick; but the Hinduwee (dhoorpud, geet, kuřka, &c.) fongs alfo, being chiefly guided in the modulation of all these by the Sunskrit Rag and Ragnee, which may be confidered as primary and subordinate modes or tunes, whereon the whole musical fyftem of India feems to have been originally founded, and which has been in great measure adopted by the Mŏŏfulmans alfo; I fhall therefore fubjoin a table of their names with fome curious defcriptive particulars concerning them, as they ftand in the popular translations of the Ragmala, an allegorical fyftem or feries of mufical modes, as follows.

بهيروي

بيراري

مده ماده

Must be fung at the dawn of the day in the autumnal feafon only, and is reprefented Z in the Ragmala under the fi- g gure of Mubadeo or Olym-2 pian Jove. His face is comely, but covered with afhes, and long lank matted hair is feen falling down from his head, whence the Gunga flows,

and this Ragor

mufical demigod iffues from the Deity's mouth, who holds a trident in his hand, and has a bull by: his fide, with' other emblems of divinity familiar to the Hindoos.

10

Byraree.

Mudhmadh.

Which have all their appropriated seasons as follows

Defcription, Time and Seafon.

Time the morning; Seafon, autumn. Figure, a beautiful damfel with lovely countenance, fine eyes, flowing hair, complexion orient, form delicate; the drapery fcarlet above and white downwards, with a garland of chumpa flowers round her neck. She is feated on the pinnacle of a hill among full blown lillies, worthipping the noted fymbol of Muhade, Jupiter Genitor) in his generative capacity, and chaunts a love fong which o the alfo accompanies with the Cymbal.

Time, towards the evening; feason as above.. Figure, a handfome nymph, with fragrant ebon locks, and bracelets on her arms, ambrofial flowers adorning her ears, while the feems in sportive dalliance with her fwain, or according to others, bo is employed in fanning flies from his face.

Seafon and Time as in Bbyruwee, whom the prefent Ragnee resembles greatly in beauty and perfon, but her vefture is wholly yellow, and the has moreover streaks of faffron on different parts of her body, and is like Byraree toying with her f

lover.

See Byraree;

a beauteous female cloath-' ed in red garments and armed with a trident, g her ears are ornamented with the noon flowers,

and the appears enraged while the fits complaining
of and expecting her fweetheart, at the fame time
the runs over her rofary in honour of Muhadep.

Like the last as to time and season, with char-
ming features, obfcured however, by athes rubbed
over the face like a gnee or female mendicant,
Her hair is in matted treffes tucked up on the
head like a finall coil. In the left hand he holds
a trident, and in the right the water lilly, her
d apery is of a faffron colour, and her body is
marked with tripes of fandal wood, on the fore-
head fhe has a line of mulk,

Pootr.

پتر

Hurk hu.

Tiluk.

تلک

Pooreea.

پوریا

Madbo.

مار ہو

Soobo.

ހ

Bulneb.

باشید

Mudh.

پاره

Punchum.

پنجم

Rag.

Is adapted

to the 2d winter, and the last

watch of the o

night: It pro

ceeds either

mouth of Mu-Z hade,o or Kanh co

the Indian A

He has attached to him the five following Nymphs, or

with a club and E

Tor ee.

glorying in the Khumb,hawutee.

vigour of his

His

youth.
neck is adorned
with a string of
pearls or hu-

man skulls, and

he feems in

كبرياء تي

Kökubu.

opriated feafons as follows:

Which have all their

Defcription, Time and Seafon.

The forenoon, 2d winter, a fair and gentle maid; drapery violet and white, her body covered with ftreaks of faffron and camphor. She is reprefented finging and playing on the Bern or Indian Lyre, upon a verdant plain, where the wild deer are fo delighted and captivated with the melodious harmony of her voice and lute, as to ftand with heads declined all liftening by. [v]

Time, late in the afternoon; feafon as above. Figure, a mellow girl, who is a charming brunette, elegantly fhaped and with the sweeteft voice. She appears dreffed in white robes, has pendants and mangoe bloffoms in her ears, Her voice is fuppofed to faulter from the juice of the grape, while finging wanton airs of love and wine, till at laft The is unable to proceed with her fong.

The dawn of day in the 2d winter. Figure, a bo woman, who in the abfence of her lover has by. her wailing and mourning reduced herself to a very emaciated state. She is conftantly weeping, and with dishevelled hair fits reclined brooding E in anguish over her forlorn condition, at the foot o of a Kudum or ball-flower tree.

After midnight, and in the 2d winter alfo. Figure, a graceful airy wench, and with a de-. lightful voice; fhe is fuppofed to be joyfully employed night and day finging, dancing and playing on mufical inftruments. Drapery, green above and scarlet downwards, her body is covered with the richest jewels, and her forehead is ornamented with a perpendicular streak.

Time and Seafon nearly as above. Figure, a lufcious plump lady, with wanton glances, having juft left her bed-fellow, which is perceptible from her manner and appearance. Her garments are partly rent, and the garland of flowers feems fo far difcompofed, that many of them have been torn off. The langour and fuffufion of her eyes. too plainly indicate the vigils of the by gone night, the fond remembrance of which however, fpreads a glow of pleasure over her bewitching face.

[v] Surely, no Caledonian can peruse this, without recalling to his mind, a parallel image, in these innecent paftoral lays of his own native Plains:

"

"He tun'd his pipe and reed fae sweet ;-The flocks stood liftening by: "E'en the dull cattle stood and gaz'd,-Charmed with his melody. And without remarking the general coincidence of fuch charming strains. "O the broom the bonny bonny broom;-The broom of Cowden knows; "I wish I were with my dear fwain,-With his pipe and my ewes."

with

Intended for the gay feafon of fpring, and in the morn

ing. He is faid o

to have emanated from the body or navel of Bruhma, and feems a veryZ comely youth 80 of radiant fun-.S ny hue: He is feated in fwing with his lovely nymphs, who gently move it, & pafs the time with him in merriment and wan-, ton dalliance; finging & play-O ing on mulical inftruments love fongs to please him, with which he is highly de-s lighted, and re-⇒ turns their carefles with an ardour that the united charms of beauty and mufick muft naturally excite.

Pulmunjuree.

مخبري

Which have all their appropriated feafons as follow

Defcription, Time and Seafon.

Seafon the fpring; Time the dawn of day.
Figure, a captivating female, radiant complexi-
on, drefs cerulean, and ftuded with jewels, a
longitudinal line of mufk divides her brow, and
fhe fits in fond expectation of her fwain, who
falls at her feet, and implores forgiveness of
the infidelity he has been guilty of during the
night, for which fhe taxes him, and will not be
appeafed by his fubmiffion,

Period as above, only the day is fuppofed to
be well advanced, including all that portion we
call morning. A fair Amazon, afpect fierce and
body crinigerous, with a drawn fword in her
hand; her arms and breast are like thofe of wreft-
lers covered with afhes, while fhe feems to crufh
her enemies by the mufcular ftrength of thofe
parts alone. The admirer of this virago appears o
rivetted to her fide, but more from the terrour S
of her power to punifh, than any charm fhe has
wherewithal to please. In the Ragmala, this
Ragnee is reprefented as an adept in all the gym-
naftic exercises.

Seafon, &c. much as before. An amiable
damfel, blooming as a rofe and fairer than a
lilly, delicately formed and features the most
pleafing, which have every advantage from a
profufion of rich ornaments, and a fearlet habit.
Her neck is moreover adorned with a garland of
fragrant flowers.

In Time, &c. like Defakh. A jetty maid, of flender make and dreffed in crimfon, at the fame time fet off with jewels, &c. fhe is feated on the spot of affignation, expecting the arrival' of her gallant there.

Seafon as before, time midnight. A forlorn deferted love-fick lafs, diftracted by the abfence of her lover, which the bitterly bewails in dreary folitude. The flowery garland fufpended over her heaving bofom, appears withered and parched by the ardency of her paffion, which has already made her the wretched prey of pining grief.

produce the accompanying offspring,

Pootr.

Chundribimb.

with the ardent feelings that actuate several of the damfels of Hind, as reprefented in the text above: Nor can the genuine fons of Scotia with indifference learn, that their own free bleak heaths and lowly broom, have cherifhed a fweeter, nobler, more natural ftyle of mufick, than ever pervaded the fertile, fpendid, and umbrageous regions of India: In which no gorgeous trappings of theological allegory, can ever exalt this fcience fo high, as the captivating fimplicity and wildness of the Scottish notes and fongs have evidently done.

دبیگ

To be fung in the hot weather or fummer, and ex

acly at noon. He is the offspring of the

fun, and repre- Z fented of a flame or orange colour, with

crimson garments, and a ftring of large pearls round

his neck, riding upon a furious elephant, and attended by many females. Others defcribe him as extinguishing a taand dar

per,

kening his appartments, that

the prying eye curiofity

of

may not put him to the blufh, by witneffing his a

mours with his train of atten

dants.

He has attached to him the five following Nymphs or.

[u] It is not eafy to account for the introduction of this and other male figures here, unless it has happened from fome jumble or confufion of the various fyftems of mufick, known to the Hindoos, with each other, by Mirza Khan, whom I have followed, or the Brahmuns who inftructed him. So it is, however, in the copy of the Tobfut ool Hind in my poffeffion, which feems accurate enough for conveying the popular notions and ideas of the Hindoo mufick, as I must leave the task of a learned and scientific detail of this heavenly art to thofe who are verfed in it and the Sunfkrit language: A knowledge that has hitherto been almost entirely confined to the facerdotal order, whofe manner of pronouncing the feveral rames of the Rags and Ragnees even, is fo different from the common ufage of the Hindoottanee dialects, that neither a Moofulman nor lay Hindeo could well understand them, I have therefore adhered in this refpect to the general and current pronunciation of India, which will account for its not proving orthodox. Sunfkrit. The reader of taste and curiofity in oriental literature may in the mean time perufe a luminous

and

Which have all their appropriated feasons as follows

Defcription, Time and Seafon.

A rofy

A

Seafon winter, time the forenoon.
dame, fine perfon and cloathed in yellow, di-
verting herfelf apart from her lover, and under
the fhade of a mangoe grove, along with a
merry groupe of her female companions
Towards evening, in the above feafon.
maid decked out in gorgeous apparel, with a
garland of flowers round her neck, and fitting at
the appointed rendezvous, fondly expecting her
paramour, on whofe account the doors are pro-
perly fecured, to obviate future interruption.
Time, the forenoon. A lovelorn female in red
apparel, who is quite caft down with the pain of
feparation from her beloved, and weeps alone
under the Moulfuree tree.

As before--as alfo on the fpring feaft called
bufunt.
A fresh ruddy graceful male, dreffed in
fcarlet, with a crown of Peacock's feathers on
his head, and fome ma ngoe bloffoms in his hand,
and intoxicated with the vigour and paffions of his
youth. A garland of flowers is fufpended from
his neck, and he appears fporting in a garden
among finging and dancing girls: in his left
hand he holds a pan of beetle, while he plays
on a pipe or Ivre, furrounded with his nymphs,
dancing and finging with mirth and glee in the
midst of them, refembling in these refpects
Krifhoen, or the Indian Apollo.

en

Time, &c. as above. A dark coloured delicate damfel, with white vestments, and her body streaked with camphore, with the legs and arms twined by feveral large fnakes: Her long hair is formed like a turban on her head, fhe is feated in the water, on a plain at the top of a mountain, or according to others, quite naked, except the parts that the covers like mother Eve with an apron of leaves.

And produce the accompanying offspring, or.

and elegant treatife on the prefent fubject, in the 3d volume of the Afiatic Researches, by a Man whofe lofs he will with me for ever deplore, but who, it is to be hoped, has left a spirit in this country, that (like the harp of Offian, among the wilds of Morven,) will for ages preferve by emulation, enquiry, and improvement his dying notes on the banks of the Gunga, and in the groves of Hindooftan. The treatise before referred to, is thus closed by the late Sir William Jones. "I must now with reluctance bid farewell to a fubject, which I defpair of having leifure to refume." Alas! the inexorable tyrant death, whom neither mufick nor genius can move, has too foon taught us to conceive fomething prophetick in the above apprehenfion, and on fuch an occafion, we cannot help lamenting that deftiny, which has cruelly converted the foftering cradle of Sir William's early and merited fame, to a dreary, cold, and premature tomb: Religion may and does teach all of us refignation to the divine will, but where is the mortal who can without a figh, refign worth and learning in the vigour of manhood to the filent grave? Let us now close this fad digreffion, with a fervent with, that the afhes of our Britifb Pundit may yet Phoenix-like produce a fucceffour in India, worthy of the great name he bore.