سو دا چمین و هر نی یه چشم ترکید وہ گل نظر آوي که جسي خار نهوي Souda chumuni duhr fe yih chufhm nu ruk hee,o 2 3 Woh geol nuzur awe ke jise khar nu howe. Cherifh not the hope, O! Souda, in this terreftrial abode, that a rofe will ever bloffom here without producing a thorn. جلا یا تشنه کامی نی کہان تک مذراي ساقي انادي خم ہی میری من به کسی تو گر دو رہی ساغر يا ني Jula ea tifhnu kamee ne kuhan tuk ŏŏzr ae faqee-Luga de khoombee mere moonh fe too gur door hy faghur AESH. Thirst hath inflamed me, Why delay, O cup-bearer! hold thou the goblet to my head, if the glafs be not at hand. نہی پراگ نهمین مد سرمد ندین کاس بھی کال الي كلي مي تي بد ميدو پهولي كون حوال pollen Nuheen purag nuheen mud hoor mud nuheen bikas yihe kal-Ulee kuleckee te bid he,o phool koun huwal. The Arabic article ul is feldom met with, and only in fentences or proverbs from that language; but as they fometimes are used in this country, one or two instances may not prove unacceptable. الحمد لله الحمد لله Such kuhee,o qafid ata hy woh mah یچ کرد و قاصد آتا ہی و دماه Ul humdo lillah ul humdo lillah. MEERSOZ. If what you fay be true, O meffenger ! that my beloved is coming; .Mention not the paft الماضي لايذكر Ul mazee la yuzkord Uzhur (c) The Thomfon of the Hindoos, and much admired among them; he appears to have flourished about the beginning of the 16th century: Being informed that his prince lyfah was fo infatuated with the beauty of a very young girl he had married, as to neglect entirely the affairs of his country; (by which all public business was quite at a stand, the Rajah for a confiderable time, having fhut himf.If up to contemplate the fafcinating charms of his beauteous, though immature bride; and as he never came abroad, the voice of his distressed subjects could not reach him ;) Beharee boldly ventured to admonish him, by bribing a slave girl to convey the above couplet under his pillow. It not only had the defired effect of roufing the prince from his lethargy, but excited in his breaft a generous regard for the man, whofe advice carne fo seasonably and elegantly disguised.. He received, ever after, a penfion from court, with a present of more than one thousand pounds, for a work he published under the name of Sutfya, from it's confifting of feven hundred couplets. .More evident than the fun أظهر من الشمیس Uzhur min (d) a humis الخبيثات للخبيثين والطيبات للطيبين U khubeefato lil khubeefeenu - w' ut ty ebato lit tye beenu. (e) The wicked with the wicked, and the virtuous with the virtuous. To enlarge further now, would be paying but a bad compliment to the learner's capacity, who has attentively read this fection; fince examples are inferted to confirm whatever hath been advanced therein; whence, it is easy to select and apply them: And although bee perhaps more properly fignifies Jelf, very, even, we shall leave the difcuffion of this point, for another occafion, and in the interval proceed to the elucidation of Gender. (d) The I of this article before every letter, but b E j z o b ż k b aen ک 1 ق عرف 86 غ ع 2 1 yaي " م m viz. bumza, is loit therein; as demonftrated in the text, and Us fumaŏ fouquna the sky is above us. instead of ul shums, the fun; ul fumao, the sky; confult the Arabic Grammar: Though I am not of opinion that ul is always definite, Ul mal bittijaruti ul elmo bid dirasuti ul moclk bis feafuti. المال با اتجارت العلم با الدّراست الملك با السیاست Wealth is founded on commerce, science on argument, and a kingdom on strict discipline. (e) A proverbial expreffion fimilar to our "Birds of a feather commonly flock together." "Like mafter like man." "Hail fellow well met," &c. I cannot let this opportunity pafs, witho it prefenting, by way of example, an elegant diftich from the Arabic, much efteemed here, and pronounced by the natives, thus: Ruyto zubeeun ulă kufeebin yokhujjilŏŏl budr w'ul hilālā. رایت ظبياً علی کصیب بخجل البدر ولهلا لا فقلت ما اسمك فقال لو لو فقلت لى لى فقال لا لا Fuqool to mufmuk fuqalu looloo fuqool to leelee fuqalu lālā. I faw a young fawn on the fummit of a hill, the beauty of whofe eye-brows eclipsed even the new moon, and said, ah! what fhall I call thee?—A deer-if you please-My dear, I ween-but, alas! to this the replied-Indeed! no, no. The liberty taken with the original, will probably be excufed by thofe who understand it; and for fuch as do not, it would be too tedious to enter into any explanation in this place. SECTION II. OF GEND E R. RULE I. (f) ALL nouns in this language are either masculine or feminine: Males naturally, —and words in a, u, generally, belong to the former; while females properly,with moft vocables in ee, t, and ish, are of the feminine gender. RULE II. Many Arabic words ending with radical (g) a; nouns that have ee or y in their last fyllable The exceptions to thefe general rules, are too numerous for infertion or notice here; nothing, therefore, but obfervation, and an extenfive practice in the language, can give the learner a proper idea of them, until the Second Volume, or the Hindooftance and English Dictionary, be publifhed; in which every word shall be marked agreeably to the gender affigned it, by the best authours, who indeed must be the only guides in this part of the Grammar, it's equivocalness and intricacy being fuch, that few of the natives themselves, can either aflift in forining the neceflary rules on this fubject, or obferve thofe that are already established, and obvious enough to every body who will give them the smallest attention: What still perplexes the matter more, is the Moofulmans confidering many words mafculine, which the Hindoos infist on being feminine; and vice verfa. Of the first we have an instance in jutra, departure; of the second in burkha, rain, &c. which are therefore inserted among the exceptions to the first rule, thus: burkha, rain; ghuia, a cloud; lalja, avarice,. luta, a creeper; fura, an inn; manta, regard; fuza, punishment; are all irregularly feminine: And panee, water; ghee, boiled butter; motee, a pearl; dubee, curdled milk; jee, life; are mafculine, contrary to rule. (g) Those I can now recollect are as follow, and terminate in Probably this lift comprises the most of them, and at all events it will give the reader a good idea of the Arabic feminines in a, confidered as fuch here; though in that language I believe they are masculine. g, fyllable (b), with those which terminate in as, fh, y, ya, ar, ah, uh, eea, gi k, s; also rivers and birds (not masculine by the former rule) are feminine: and to these may be added the names of the following letters (i), viz. be - pe te Se che be khei 2° چ dal, zal; rej ze zhe twoe b thwoe b fe zej ye ✔ befides a number of words from the Sunskrit that terminate in a, (j) with others which can be learned by practice only (k). many RULE And to these we may subjoin intiha, end; iftirza, will; iltija, folicitation; ifhtiha, appetite; iflighna, independence; though in general fuch words are, according to Rule I, mafculine. (b) Diffyllables beginning with t, that have ee before their final letter, are for the most part feminine, being commonly Arabic infinitives, or verbal nouns; as tufweer, a painting; tujweez, determination; turgheeb, inftigation; to be fully explained hereafter, when we treat of the Derivation and Compofition of words. Monofyllables with ee are frequently mafculine, whereas with y they feem in general to be feminine; for inftance myl, filth; yr, enmity; nyn, the eye, &c. (i) You have written this le too long,-toom ne yih be buhot lumbee lik hee. لیکن کاف See Rule III, recollecting that a is the mafculine, and ee the feminine termination of declinable adjectives. a house: fmall pox; fervice; affembly: thirst; adoration. RULE III. Names of countries, hills, lakes, feas, woods, months and days, with the letters of the alphabet,—and in short every noun not feminine by the foregoing rules, are masculine, or may be treated as fuch; there being much less harm in using a feminine noun in the masculine gender, than reverfing this practice, which from the impoffibility of reducing many feminines under any rule, is very excuf able, and in fome parts of Hindooftan almost universally adopted (/). RULE IV. جان اسامی fan life, ghapha wound, moufum 4 a feafon, are with some others, arbitrarily both masculine and feminine; while afamee a tenant, admce or mandos homo, and fimilar words follow the gender of the sex they are applicable to at the time; whence bhula-admee or-manoesy. Sɩ a gentleman, bhulee admee or manõõs↓y a gentlewoman (m). ماز آدمی Before we advance to Rule V, on the formation of Gender, left I overload the learner's memory with too much at once, I fhall here infert, among other quotations, part of Miskeen's celebrated Elegy, on the death of Moŏslim, with his two young fons, Mõõhummud and Ibraheem; the language of which, being natural, easy, and affecting, I may quote it frequently in the course of our work, as a composition, that in my opinion, is well calculated to convey an adequate idea of the Hindooflanee, to the fcholar particularly, who has by refiding in India, already being a matter that must generally depend on the education, prejudices, or intereft of the speaker, as already adverted to in the Preface. (k) The ftudent will foon perceive, that fhumber, a fword; gurdan, the neck; omr, age; kumur, the waist; with hundreds besides, are feminine; but why, is more than I know. (1) The Moofulmans within the provinces, and probably every where but in upper Hindooftan, pay very little attention to the feminine gender at all; but in this, I do not think they should be imitated; it being an omiffion, founded more on indolence, than reafon; and fimilar to the ove: fights among us, of many people fubftituting the indicative, for the fubjunctive mood; you was, for were, &c. which though we might not harthly condemn in others, we certainly never ought to follow ourselves. (m) Nam, or shuld, fignifies a noun, q. v. also mafculine, &c. in the Dictionary. Gender or sex may be expreffed by ling (whence klepling the neuter q. v.) or oonfa, whence mounnus, the feminine. See notes page 15; and obferve, that though the Sunskrit have a neuter gender with words also to express it, there is no fuch thing in this language, as already inculcated by Rule I, to which the reader may again refer. |