"He was now persuaded that there would be no effort made to effect its restoration. He believed tha there would be no peace in the country until it should be restored, either in substance or in fact. The prohibition of slavery within the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska, was a thing to be done, or there would never be peace. He spoke this, not in a spirit of taunt or of threat, but as a sober truth. Alluding to Kansas, he declared that until that question was settled, the appropriation bills should never pass by his vote. He would never give a dollar for any purpose until the great question of individual safety connected with Kansas affairs was settled. [Cries of Good, good.'] That was the only way in which to insure compliance-stop the wheels of government."

On the 29th July the suggestion of Mr. Dunn "to stop the wheels of government" was adopted by an amendment to the army appropriatan bill, depriving the army of all pay, unless the acts of the Kansas legislature should be repealed by Congress. Here is the amendment:

"And provided, nevertheless, That part of the military force of the United States herein provided for shall be employed in aid of the enforcement of the enactments by the alleged legislative assembly of the Territory of Kansas, recently assembled at Shawnee Mission, until Congress shall have enacted either that it was or was not a valid legislative asssembly, chosen, in conformity with the organic law, by the people of the said Territory: And provided, That, until Congress shall have passed upon the validity of said legislative assembly of Kansas, it shall be the duty of the President to use the military force in said Territory to preserve the peace, suppress insurrection, repel invasion, and protect persons and property therein and upon the national highways, in the State of Missouri or elsewhere, from unlawful seizure and searches.

And be it further provided, That the President is required to disarm the present organized militia of the Territory of Kansas, to recall all the United States arms therein distributed, and to prevent armed men from going into said Territory to disturb the public peace or aid in the enforcement or resistance of real or pretended laws."

Upon the adoption of this amendment the vote was yeas 91, nays 86. Amongst those who voted for the amendment were Messrs. Dunn, Harrison, and Moore. The vote of these friends of Mr. Fillmore, if cast against the amendment, would have defeated it.

On the same day, however, all doubt of the position of the northern friends of Mr. Fillmore was put at rest by the adoption by the House of Representatives of a substitute for the Kansas act, offered by Mr. Dunn, of Indiana, repealing the right of Kansas to admission as a slave State, and restoring the Missouri restriction. Upon the passage of this bill, Messrs. Dunn, Edwards, Haven, Harrison, and Moore, northern members, and friends of Mr. Fillmore, voted in the affirmative. Messrs. Valk, (a South Carolinian by birth,) and Mr. Broom, of Pennsylvania, northern friends of Mr. Fillmore, voted in the negative. This determines, then, the position of that section of the party, and establishes the probability that Mr. Fillmore will sign a bill repealing the Kansas act.

Mr. Buchanan the only man who can quiet the agitation:

With respect to the opinions of Mr. Buchanan there is no doubt. He is bound by his principles, by his past acts and present pledges, to maintain the equality of the southern States and the admission of future slaves States into the Union. He will veto any bill to restore the odious Missouri restriction. He will veto any bill to repeal the right of Kansas to admission into the Union as a slave State. He will acquire more territory, if necessary, to accommodate peacefully the great conflicting interests. He will separate these angry foes, not by ideal lines and unequal privileges, but by giving the right to each to enter upon and occupy ample and abundant territory. This will secure the development of each in a direction and in a region separate, distant, and where they can never again come in collision.

Mr. Buchanan has many advantages over any competitor in effecting this great object. He has the confidence of the people as a man of moderation and integrity. He has, like the earlier fathers of the republic, a matured fame; his only object is to preserve it from stain or diminution. He will only serve a single term. Like Washington, Madison, and Jackson, Mr. Buchanan is childless. God has denied these benefactors children, "that a nation might call them father." Content, therefore, with the exalted honors conferred upon them by a grateful country, they have never had the ordinary motive to perpetuate in their own posterity the influence and consideration which have been bestowed upon them.

With all these motives, then, to be contented, we may expect that, at the end of his official term, Mr. Buchanan, having quieted the sectional strife which threatened to destroy the Union; having established and consolidated a policy which shall secure us respect abroad and peace at home; having completed the cire of his country's honor and filled the measure of his own renown, this faithful servant of the people and guardian of the constitution will fold around him the robes of self-approval, and, retiring forever from the service of the republic, will say, with the best of the Roman rulers, "My countrymen! if I have acted well my part, give me your applause.

SLAVERY AND GOVERNMENT.

CHAPTER I.

Question. What is an Apprentice in the United What slavery is-what freedom is-None are States? "born" free--all are "born" slaves-slavery a Answer. An apprentice, according to the necessity-Why the white race is invested Constitution, is a person who owes service, or with political freedom at 21-Why is it is with- labor to another person.

held from the black race for life-Slavery is Question. Does a child stand in the same relajust, and why-None are born equal--in- tion to his father, (as regards service and subjecequality the ground of social happiness--What tion to his will) that an apprentice, or slave does to government is-what its object is-where it his master? originated--by whom it should be exercisedand why-Inferiority of the black race-the proof of it.

Answer. Yes-until he is twenty-one years old. Question. Is this service, or labor of children, apprentices, and slaves, legal property in the United States?

It is not many years since our brethren at the Answer. Yes---it is so declared by the laws North engaged in a crusade against Slavery; be- of every state in the Union, except as to cause, (as they said) it was denounced in every slaves, and by the slaveholding States as to them page of the Bible, as the greatest sin on earth. What is the difference then between a slave, and a The Bible hasbeen examined, and it has been white minor who is called free? The difference is, found that slavery is fully sanctioned by it. that a slave of the black race owes labor and subNevertheless, this crusade has waxed warmer jection to his master for life; while the white against slavery, as a sin of the deepest dye; be- minor and apprentice only owe service and subcause it was a sin (as they have said) against a jection until they are twenty-one years old. higher law than the Bible. No appeal is now Question. Has a parent a legal property right made to the Bible-but to consciences begotten in the service or labor of his child, and a legal by infidelity. By this new conscience every right to control him and coerce him to obedience question of right and wrong is to be tried-and without his consent? every penalty inflicted. These crusaders have

Answer. Yes, he has exactly the same properadopted, as their Bible, on the subject of slavery, ty right in the service or labor of his child until Mr. Jefferson's declaration, that "all men are he is twenty-one years old and exactly the same born free and equal." It may not be amiss then right to control him, and to coerce obedience to to try this new Bible by the common sense and his authority until that time, that the master has the common observation of all men-to- see in, and over his slave. whether it ought to have preference over the old Bible, before we throw the old one away, as our brethren of the North do when it conflicts with their new anti-slavery Bible. First then, let us enquire,

What is Slavery in the United States?

Answer. It is a system of personal servitude, under a form of government adopted for the African race, the leading principle of which belongs to every form of government among men.

Question. What is that leading principle? Answer. It is submission to, and control by the will of another. This is the essential principle of all forms of government; and without it there can be no government. It is the principle ordained of God for the government of a family. Its administration is given of God to the heads of families, who have instinctively accepted and acted upon it in all ages and countries.

Question. Has the parent of the child, and the master of the slave, unlimited discretion in compelling obedience to their authority?

Answer. No. Both the parent and the master are restricted by statute laws, and judicial decisions, to the use of such means only as are necessary and proper to secure obedience. Both pa rents and masters are responsible to the state for the exercise of means that are improper and unnecessary to secure this end.

Question. Why does the law give freedom to the white race at the age of twenty-one, and withhold it from the black race during life?

Answer. Because experience teaches that the white race can be prepared in that time to take charge of families, and perform the duties of citizens; while, on the other hand, experience demonstrates that the black race cannot be prepared during a whole life to take charge of families, or Question. What is the amount of power in perform the duties of citizens. But if they could their hands to enforce obedience over children be prepared in that time to use freedom for their and slaves? And what is the object aimed at in own good, and that of the community, its exercise ?

be right to accord it to them? Answer Would

it

Answer. The amount of power in their hands tainly would accord with christian obligation." to enforce obedience over children and slaves, The only safe guide we have in a family, or is limited to the use of all necessary and proper state, by which to decide the amount of self-conmeans to secure obedience, and the object aimed trol or freedom to which men or minors are enat in its exercise, is to develope their faculties, titled under any form of government, is exand fit them to take care of families, and discharge perience; that, and that only, will tell us how political duties. much of freedom they can use as a good to themQuestion. What is a slave in the United States? selves, in subordination to the general good of Answer. A slave, according to the Federal Con- the family, or state. When freedom is not a good stitution, is a person who owes service or labor to both, it is a duty to withhold it.

to another person. In the language of the Scrip- If self-control constitutes freedom, and control tures, he is a "man's money." by another constitutes what is properly called

is defined to be, "independence," "liberty," "exemption from control." Man, when born is the most dependent creature on earth. He must be deprived of all liberty, to save his life. Can he be deprived of all liberty and still be free? He must be controlled in every thing. Is he still exempt from control? There has never been an assertion made and believed, which all might know with so much certainty to be untrue. Man when born is helplessly dependent, free to do nothing without permission, and entirely under parental control, until he is given up to the control of the state, which holds him under control till death.If this constitutes freedom, then all men are born free, but not otherwise. dw-i provale tadW A The second thing affirmed in this Declaration of Independence, and, which with the above error, has been adopted by a portion of our countrymen as a part of their Bible is, that "all men are born equal." to be true, that they are not born-intellectually equal; that they are not born morally equal; that they are not born politically equal; that they are not born in position,

to absolute control witmestic bondage, one for a belief in these abstractions, these palpable false

all voluntary on the part of the white race? At
swer. It is not more voluntary the white
minor, the female half of the white race, than
with the back slave. Both may submit
to it, while neither may like it. The white minor
and the black slave are both born equally subject
their consent. Both
life, to his master, the other for twenty-one years,
to his father. When this age is reached he who
has been in domestic bondage up to this time,
silently acquiesces in subjection to the state,
which now binds him for the balance of his life,
to service and subjection, as the African is bound
to his master for the balance of
his life.

The state, who is the master of the citizen, and the man, who is the master of the slave, is right fully clothed with authority the world over to maintain dominion over both. This authority, or power to govern them, is from God. It was given to Adam before the first child was born. God said to Eve that Adam should rule over her. This included the family and the state.

From my knowledge of both races in the United States, I am of opinion, that the per cent of Africans who are satisfied with their domestic bondage, is much greater than the per cent of the white race who are satisfied with their political bondage. Question. How is this to be accounted for? Answer. Because domestic bond men are parts of families for whose comfort, ample provision is made. They are supplied with good homes, with all the necessary wants of themselves and their families for life, in sickness, and in health, in infancy, and in old age,---with an entire exemption from anxious care; while political bondage subjects the citizen a to pecuniary burdens, and an oppressive competition, which leaves him too often without a home, and a comfortable supply for his necessary wants. In addi tion to this, political bondage subjects the citizen

and a execution of the law, from all of which the Af

rican slave, in domestic bondage, is entirely

nor are they in any other sense equal, as integral
parts of earthly governments, of which I can con
ceive, from their birth until their death. And yet
hoods, is at the bottom of a crusade against organ-
ized society and constitutional liberty in the Uni-
ted States which as at the destruction of all the
safe-guards of life and property, and a universal
overthrow of law and order, save that of the "high-
er law," of every murderer's conscience. We have
lately had a specimen of the conscience which this
"higher law" produces. It was exhibited in the
person of John Brown and a few others.
same faith and order-so much so, that he is re-d
This specimen is much admired by all of the
garded by them as the second Saviour of the worldp

who is destined to be as much honored for sub stituting his own conscience for the Bible, as Jesus Christ has been for giving eternal life to them that love him and who

Bible directs, by yielding a willing obedience to
law and order, in all the relations of life. And
because of this assumed freedom and equality, with
certain assumed unalienable rights, the conclusion
is drawn, according to this new political Bible,
that all good government must originate in the
consent of the governed. But seeing-as we all
must see-that none are born either free or equal
and that subjection to government from birth
ment originates in the consent of the governed.
a universal necessity-it is not true that gover
The African slave is as free to choose his govern-
reaches twenty one years of age. At that age he
ement as the white minor, until the white minor
dequires a right, in most of our states, to make,
or aid in making improvements in the laws; but
he can never acquire a right to abolish government
for that is God's ordinance, and cannot be rightful-i
ly abolished. tomater

What is government? And what is its origin 7
; it is the opposite

Answer: Governmight to do as we please. It

Where did it originate? It originated in the will power to compel obedience to the will of a superior. it not follow that children must be released from parental authority and service, apprentices from of God; and was ordained as soon as sin entered service and subjection to masters, and citizens to Adam, to rule his family. Family government by an express delegation of power from subjection to states, as soon as slaves from is the true model of all government. There never subjection to service to their masters? Yes, all this follows as a necessary consequence if all men has been, or can be a family where it does not co-ai are born free and equal.

all men exist. If societies for nations were all dissolved abel this government would still exist. Its powers, obWell! is it not true that all men are born free jects, and administration would remain the same. and equal? Answer. No. Every man who ever Family government is a necessity in nature.g raised, or saw an infant man, raised to manhood, Every new family instinctively assumes it because knows that it is not true. What is freedom? It is God's ordinance. It is th the best model of a di bloddtiw of ytrb e ai di .dtod of 1odel to soivisa awo odw noвreq e ai,noltutila Ttros me mole dit mon foston-Ter I ied to garraf et al. red. † pisyong als essuiero 1061020 td venom s'ai edas