fronting, 153; papal objection to her suc-
cession, 153, 154; reorganizes the council,
154; catholic protests against her religious
innovations, 156; refuses to send repre-
sentatives to Council of Trent, 159; work
for Anglican state church, 160, 161; re-
enacts Act of Appeals, 160; evidences of
toleration, 160, 161; change in her treat-
ment of catholics, 161; scheme for her
deposition, 163; excommunicated, 164;
parliamentary protection, 164; fear of a
catholic conspiracy against, 166; associa-
tion formed for the protection of her life,
166; calls out the catholics against the
Armada, 167; results of her persecutions
compared with those of Mary, 167, 168;
religious predilections, 170; final blow
against opponents of the establishment,
173; authorized to govern the church
through commissioners, 174; inaugurates
forced contributions for the care of the
poor, 189; creation of boroughs, 202; par-
liamentary opposition to, on certain ques-
tions, 202; conflict with parliament over
the right of deliberation, 204-206; suspense
of the nation as to her successor, 205;
resists the commons' attempt to initiate
legislation on church affairs, 206, 207; her
grants of monopolies, 208, 209; yields to
the commons as to monopolies, 209.
Ellandun, battle of, i. 166.

Ellensborough, Lord, on freedom of the
press, ii. 487.

Elliot's Debates, value, i. 61.
Ellsworth, Oliver, i. 72, 73.
Elton, C., quoted, i. 462.

Emma, her marriage with Ethelred, i. 214,
227; with Cnut, 227.
Emphyteusis, its meaning, i. 223.
Empire, the Holy Roman, identical with
Catholic Church, i. 369; its continuity the
key to mediæval history, 369; relations
with papacy, 369.

Empson and Dudley, ii. 29; executed for

treason, 40.

the kingdom, 169, 172; its constitution in
the tenth century, 172, 173; divisions of
the kingdom, 215, 216; description of, as
given in Domesday, 265-267; life and unity
preserved by the Norman Conquest, 268,
269, 281, 282; condition of, under Stephen,
276, 282; fusion of Old-English and Nor-
man elements in, 278, 279; its ecclesiastical
divisions, 340; interdict laid on by Inno-
cent III, 371; how affected by Norman
Conquest, 381; incorporation of Wales
with, 409; social movements in, 508, 509;
loss of her continental possessions, 5555
Tyndale's translation of the Bible in, ii.
102; Coverdale's translation in, 102; ac-
cepts Henry VIII.'s policy of separation
from Rome, 133, 134.

English, the Teutonic constitution brought
by them into Britain, i. 12, 13, 89, 90, 124;
into America, 15; their colonizing power,
27; their conquest of Britain, 27, 85, 122,
148; difference from other Teutonic con-
quests, 85, 155; Teutonic by race, 86, 124;
their relation to Danes and Normans, 87;
origin and history of their language, 87,
88; moral temper of, revealed in song of
Beowulf, 113; remain heathens in Britain,
114, 155; origin of the name, 116; frag-
mentary evidence of their conquest of
Britain, 121; Christianity and early laws,
121; their early kingdoms, 124, 146–148,
151, 152; purely Teutonic, 124.

English institutions, authorities for their
Teutonic origin, i. 123.

English language, its origin and relation to
other tongues, i. 88; a Teutonic language,

ib.

English law, the basis of organization in New
England, i. 21, 22. See also Customary

Law.

of, 123.

England, beginnings of the kingdom of, i. 10;
union of its several kingdoms, 13; its con-
stitution purely Teutonic, 13, 45; growth
and continuity of representation in, 14;
growth of her colonies in America, 15 et
seq.; colonization companies organized by,
17-21; relations with her colonies, 25-27;
why so called, 116, 169; its conversion to
Christianity, 121, 155-159; kingdoms in,
124, 146-148, 151, 152; consolidation of

term, i. 251.

Erasmus, ii. 34; and Henry VIII., 39; pro-
tests against spirit of conquest, 42.
Erskine, Lord, speech on dean of St. Asaph's
case, ii. 489, 490; in the Stockdale trial,
490, 491.

Escheats, i. 272, 294, 361.
Esne, i. 127.

Esquire, early application of title, ii. 200;
right to represent the shires in parlia
ment, 201; title applied to all gentlemen,

201.

Essex, earl of, appointed commander-in-chief
of the parliamentary army, ii. 319; hesi
tates to attack Charles I., 324; surrender,
326.

Floyd, Mr., case of, ii. 246.
Folkland, its nature, i. 138; its conversion
into "bookland," 140, 178; passes into
terra regis, 178, 233, 236, 312.
Folk-moot, i. 146, 147, 183, 184, 431; survival
in the shire-moot, 173, 198, 200, 312.
Foreign affairs, relation of the queen and
prime minister to the department of, ii. 549,
550.
Forest law, under Norman kings, i. 313; ad-
ministered by Henry II., 313; forest courts,
organization of, 314; regulation of, 390;
Charter of the Forest, 395.
Forfeitures, i. 272, 294, 361.

"Form of Apology and Satisfaction," ii. 222.
Forsyth, on the origin of assizes, i. 206.
Fortescue, Sir John, his treatises, i. 414, 560;
his theory of the English constitution, 561.
Fowler, Mr. Henry, introduces the local gov-
ernment bill of 1894, ii. 571.

Fox, Charles, on Mansfield's speech in the
dean of St. Asaph's trial, ii. 489, 490; libel
act of 1791, 492; on the younger Pitt, 505;
coalesces with Lord North, 505, 506; attacks
the East India Company, 506; asserts the
right of the prince of Wales to assume the
regency, 516.

France, French and Spanish war, 1521, ii. 44;
secret agreement with English sovereign
as to recusants, 255; causes of war with
England, 263; terms of treaty between
Charles II. and, 370, 371; England sells
her neutrality to, effect of, 375; James II.'s
secret treaty with, 394, 395.
Francesco Accursi, i. 406, 414.
Franchise, i. 37; territorial, 407; first limita-
tion upon, 468; regulated by statute, 527;
effected by the reform bill of 1832, ii.
530; the Scotch, extended, 531; extended
in Ireland, 531; Derby's proposal on, 533;
Russell's proposal of 1860, 534; condition
of, at Plymouth, Portsmouth, and Ipswich,
566.

Francis I., becomes king of France, ii. 43.
Francklin, Mr., rights of judge and jury in his
case, ii. 487.

Frank-pledge, view of, i. 452.

Franks, use of name, i. 115; character of
their conquests, 221; their political organi-
zation, 222; feudalism developed under,
222-225, 564.

Franks, West, the kingdom of, its dismem-
berment, i. 218; inroads of the Northmen,
218, 219.

Frederick II., Emperor, his struggle with the
рарасу, 370.

Frederick V., becomes king of Bohemia, ii.

constitutions, i. 2, 3; on the Greek city,
4; on the Italian confederations, 6; on the
union of Teutonic tribes, 8; on the use of
the title Rex Francia, 10; on the Teutonic
theory, II; on representation, 14; on the
personal agency of the king, 18; on Vir
ginia and New England, 29; on the town
meeting, 31; on the kingly powers of the
President of the United States, 47, 69; on
the Achaian League, 50, 51; union of Eng-
lish kingdoms in Britain and common-
wealths in America contrasted by, 53; on
the nature of the power of the President,
69; on the fusion of Normans and English,
87; on the theory of aggregation, 105; on
the effects of the Norman Conquest on feu-
dalism, 133, 134; on the power of the bret-
walda, 153; on the growth of Wessex into
England, 169; on the origin of shires in
Wessex and Mercia, 173; on the use of
rice, 175; on the word benefice, 224; on the
Peace of Clair-on-Epte, 225; on the original
causes of the Norman Conquest, 228; on
the unique position of Westminster, 229;
on the change of folkland into terra regis,
233; on the development of land tenure by
the Norman Conquest, 237, 238; on the de-
velopment of the cabinet council, 252; on
the policy of Gregory VII., 260; on Ranulf
Flambard, 271, 272; on the results of the
Norman Conquest, 278; compares Thomas
of London with Hampden, 285; on the
definition of estates, 337; on the results of
the loss of Normandy under John, 366; on
the Great Charter, 381; on the continuous
existence of the Old-English Assembly, 434;
its practical change, 437; on the conven-
tional constitution, ii. 437; on the unwrit
ten constitution, 438.

Freemen, under the Teutonic system, i. 97,
98, 125, 126. See Ceorl.
Free speech, question of, in parliament, ii. 206.
"Friends of the People," ii. 522.
Frithborh, i. 194, 197, 198, 452, 458, ii. 184.
Froissart, on the claims of Henry of Lancas
ter, i. 535, 536.

Froude, J. A., on the Anglo-imperial alliance
of 1542, ii. 102 n.

Fuller, denounces the Scots, ii. 227; disputes
the power of the court of high commission
to fine and imprison, 241.
Fyrd. See Landfyrd.

GARDINER, STEPHEN, sent to Tower, ii. 135;
returns to power, 136; resolves to restore
Henry VIII's ecclesiastical system, 136;
as a persecutor, 148; succeeded by Pole,
149; on the Long Parliament, 321; on
Cromwell, 354, 355,

Gascony, regulation of trade with, ii. 31.
Gau, gá, use of the word, i. 96, 106, 123, 145,
170, 191, 192.

Gaul, inhabitants of, described by Cæsar,
i. 91, 93; origin and character of feudalism
in, 221 et seq.

Gemeinde, equivalent to the mark, i. 3.
General Council adopted by the New Model
army, ii. 338.

General warrants, question of the right of a
secretary of state to issue, ii. 481; held
illegal in Leach's case, and in Wilkes v.
Wood, 481; Lord Camden on, 482.
Geneva, Calvin and, ii. 168; Marian exiles
at, 170.

Gens, its various forms, i. 3, 5, 8; in Italy, 5.
Geoffrey, count of Anjou, married to the
Empress Matilda, i. 275.

Geoffrey Fitz-Peter, reintroduces laws of
Henry I., i. 376; death, 376.
George I., ministerial system established
under, ii. 454, 455; favors the Whigs, 455;
speech read by the lord chancellor, 560 n.
George II., and the cabinet, ii. 455, 456.
George III., serves as model for the first
President of the United States, i. 69; as-
pires to rule, ii. 477; his mother's advice,
477; a native Englishman, 477; aims to
overthrow cabinet government, 478; Bute
and his other secret counsellors, 478; makes
peace with Spain, 479, 480; aims to crush
party leaders and party organization, 502;
practically his own prime minister, 503;
effect of his reign on cabinet government,
503; opposes his ministers on the India
bill, 506; refuses to abolish religious tests
in Ireland, 515; his insanity, 516; surren-
ders all claim to hereditary revenue, 551-
553; number in his cabinet, 554; whole-
sale creation of peers to break down party
government, 541.

George IV., creation of peers by, ii. 247; ap-
pointed regent without a council, 517, 518;
futile efforts to install the Whigs, 518;
conflict with his ministers over Queen
Caroline, 518, 519; conflict with ministers
over catholic emancipation, 519.
Gerefa, i. 192, 194, 199. See Reeve.
Germans, the, sketched by Cæsar, i. 91-93;
origin and use of word, 94, 95.
Germany, confederation of, i. 52; requisition
system, 52; Roman campaigns in, 93.
Gerry, Elbridge, i. 72.

Gesith, meaning of the word, i. 131; becomes
the thegn, 131; enriched by bookland, 141.
Gibbon, Edward, on the adoption of Chris-
tianity by the Teutons, i. 82.
Gibson, Milner, opposes
ledge," ii. 494.
Gild, its uncertain origin, i. 459; English
development of, 459. See Merchant-gild.
Gildas, authority for the English conquest,
i. 121.

tution, i. 59; on convocation, 344; on the
prime minister, ii. 510, 550.

Gloucester, Humphrey, Duke of, his share in
the regency for Henry VI., i. 553; his rivalry
with Henry Beaufort, 554; his death, 555;
becomes Protector, ii. III.

Gloucester, siege raised, ii. 325.

Gneist, Dr. R., on the cause for omitted pro-
visions of the Great Charter, i. 421; on
Norman assemblies, 438; his summary of
taxation, 491, 492; on the danger resulting
from paid local officials, ii. 586, 587; mis-
taken assumption, 587.

Godden v. Hales, case of, ii. 399.
Godwine, earl of the West Saxons, i. 216,
217; revolt and banishment, 228; restored
to favor, 229; death, 229.

Gordon, Lord George, riots under the leader-
ship of, ii. 498; trial for treason, 499.
Government, act of, tendency toward a mon-
archy, ii. 352; creates an upper house, 352;
provisions as to the Protector, 352, 353;
other provisions, 353,

Grafton, Duke of, his administration, ii. 501.
Grafton, printer, imprisoned by the star cham-
ber, ii. 181.

Grampound, efforts to disenfranchise, ii. 524.
Grand Alliance, the way paved for, by the
treaty of 1668, ii. 370.

Grand Remonstrance, demands church reform
and a responsible ministry, ii. 311; final
debate on, 312, 313.

Granville, Lord, resignation from the cabinet,
ii. 462.

Great Contract, ii. 230; failure to agree upon
its terms, 233.

Great Rebellion, the, i. 598.
Greece, city commonwealths in, i. 3-5, 8.
Green, J. R., on the Teutonic conquest of
Britain, i. 85, 86; on the position of the
freeman, 97; on Teutonic mark-moots and
their modern outcome, 104; on the formation
of Teutonic society, 112; on the homeland
of the Saxon people, 115; on Freeman's
theory of the bretwalda, 153, 154; on the
effects of St. Augustine's mission, 155; on
the use of the name "England," 169; on
the feudal movement in England, 213;
on the ealdorman, ib.; on the double claim
to kingship of William the Conqueror, 233;
on extent of clerical order under Henry II.,
286; on the character of John, 366, 367;
on the English monarchy, ii. 418.
Grenville, George, his attempt to resist the
king's will, ii. 501.

Grey, Earl, tries to secure reform in repre-
sentation, ii. 522, 523; ministry of, 527;
declares in favor of reform, 528; conflicts
over the reform bills during his ministry,
528; reform bills for Scotland and Ireland,
531; on the house of lords, 545-