5. In Philadelphia, at the residence of Mrs. Ross, in Arch street; the house is now standing.

6. Red represents a signal of defiance, hardiness and valor. Red denotes daring, a signal of defiance, tells of the blood shed by them, the thirteen states, for their country, the red stripes to be used as a scourge to our enemies, as they used stripes on the bodies of those they punish. The thirteen red stripes represent the number of united colonies of the states as well as the equality among themselves. White represents purity, peace and innocence, and blue represents and involves the virtues of vigilance, perseverance and justice, and tells of the heavens and their protection of the home of peace and happiness, the home for all, the land of the free. The colors are the same as those of the Trinity: the Father is represented by red, the Holy Ghost by white, and the Son by blue, (see American Flag).

7. The field or union, or, if alone, it is called the union, or jack.

8. On the constellation of Lyra, which has thirteen stars in its constellation, and because Lyra was a time-honored emblem of union and harmony, and because it leads the stars and whirls along the immense orbit of the revolving world.

9. It can be seen in July in the zenith; it is situated in the Northern Hemisphere to the south of the constellation Draco, having Cygnus on one side and Hercules on the other.

10. Francis Keys, a resident of Georgetown, District of Columbia, wrote the "Star Spangled Banner" on board the ship Minden, between midnight and dawn, on September 14, 1814. The rude substance of the song was written on the back of a letter which Keys happened to have in his pocket. On the night after his return to Baltimore he wrote it out in full.

11. David T. Shaw of Philadelphia. The music and words were arranged by T. A. Becket of Philadelphia, written in the fall of 1843.

12. The song, "American Flag," was written by Joseph Rodman Drake of New York, and was the last song written by Drake and was written between the twentieth and twenty-fifth of May, 1819.

13. The song, "Hail Columbia," was written by the Honorable Joseph Hopkinson, LL.D., of Philadelphia. He was the son of Francis Hopkinson, one of the signers of the Declaration. He died in Philadelphia, June 15, 1842, seventytwo years old. The song was written in the summer of 1798, when war with France was thought to be inevitable. The tune is the " President's March," which was composed by Philip Roth, a German music teacher living at 25 Crown street, Philadelphia.

14. The new-striped Union flag was hoisted for the first time on the second of January, 1776, over the camp at Cambridge. The flag of America was hoisted for the first time on board the naval ship Alfred, by J. Paul Jones, but on the fourteenth day of June, 1777, Paul Jones was appointed to the command of the Ranger, and soon after he hoisted the new flag of thirteen stars and thirteen stripes. Beyond a doubt the first flag made by Mrs. Ross was unfurled at the battle of Brandywine, September 11, 1777. On the twenty-first of February, 1866, the Honorable B. F. Butler of Massachusetts introduced to the officers of the United States senate, Mr. D. W. C. Farrington, agent of the United States Bunting company, Lowell, Massachusetts, who presented to them for the use of the senate a flag manufactured by that company. It is believed to be the first real American flag ever raised over the capitol of the United States. Heretofore all our flags have been made from English bunting, and every effort made to substitute a domestic texture capable of resisting the

wind and the air has signally failed. Since then the American bunting has proved to be better in color and in quality than the English product. The new American flag was hoisted over the capitol, February 24, 1866.

15. Early in 1794, in consequence of the admission of Vermont, March 4, 1791, and Kentucky June 1, 1792, into the sisterhood of the Union, an act was passed June 13, 1794, increasing the stars and stripes on our flag to fifteen, but not to take effect until May, 1795. The number of stripes was reduced to the original number, thirteen stripes, on April 14, 1818.

16. The National ensign is the regular stars and stripes. In 1799, the revenue ensign consisted of sixteen perpendicular stripes alternate red and white, the union of the ensign bearing the arms of the United states in dark blue on a white field; there has been no change since.

17. The American yacht ensign is like the National ensign, excepting the field or union, which is blue, with a foul anchor encircled by thirteen stars in white, in lieu of a star for each state.

18. The navy pennant is as follows-thirteen white stars in a blue field. 19. In 1871 thirteen blue stars in a white field were substituted for the eagle in the union of the pennant, which is the revenue pennant.

20. The jacks or unions are as follows: The jack of the National ensign is a blue field with white stars, corresponding to the number of states. The jack of the revenue ensign is a white field with the arms of the United States in dark blue. The jack of the yacht ensign is a blue field with a foul anchor encircled by thirteen white stars.

21. The state of Vermont was admitted to the Union March 4, 1791, and was entitled to a star on the flag, July 5, 1791.

22. The constellation of Lyra, and signifies harmony.

23. In 1865, April 18.

24. The quarantine flag, a plain, yellow flag.

25. The church pennant, a white pennant without swallow-tails, charged with blue Latin cross.

1. The election of 1824.

POLITICAL.

2. Sixty-nine, from ten states, met February, 1789, and elected George Washington as President.

3. Charles C. Pinckney, in 1800.

4. The name was applied, in 1798, to the members and to that part of the party who were friendly to France.

5. At Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1800.

6. In September, 1812, in New York city.

7. In 1840.

8. Harrison and Taylor, in 1840, the log-cabin and hard-cider campaign. 9. May 4, 1844, at Baltimore.

10. In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 17, 1856, when J. C. Fremont was nominated for President and William Dayton for vice-president.

11. Because all members of the secret oath-bound societies, that were a part of its machinery, responded to all questions as to its character or purpose the simple answer, "I don't know."

12. The "Waving of the Bloody Shirt" was adopted generally to characterize all Republican efforts to make capital out of southern issues.

13. The famous "Ohio Idea," which was, that such portions of the National debt as were not specifically pledged in coin must be paid in greenbacks.

14. Greenbacks. The famous Ohio idea altogether was known in the collo

quial language of politics as "The Rag Baby." Its author was George H. Pendleton of Ohio.

15. It was during the long contest over the United States bank that the term "Loco Foco" came into use. It was originally applied to the radical wing of the Democratic party that assumed the name of Equal Rights party on October 29, 1835, at a meeting called at Tammany hall. The regular or Tammany Democrats attempted to seize control of it, entering by the back-stairs while the Equal Rights men came up the front. Both parties tumultuously elected chairmen. The Tammany men found their opponents too strong, turned out the gas and retired. The Equal Rights men instantly produced candles and loco foco matches, re-lighted the hall temporarily, and concluded their work. 16. Yes.

17. In 1796, when John Adams was elected President.

18. In 1884 Belva Lockwood was a candidate for President.

19. The Electoral college meets on the second Wednesday of February following the election. They meet at the capital of their respective states and vote, by ballot, for President and vice-president. They make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President and vice-president, which lists they sign and certify and transmit, sealed, to the seat of government of the United States, directed to the president of the senate (see Article XII., amendment to the Constitution). 20. The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska bill.

21. On April 4, 1876, articles of impeachment were formally presented to the senate against William W. Belknap, secretary of war under President Grant. The case closed July 26, and on August 1 the senate took a vote. The result was an acquittal. This was the first and only attempt to impeach a cabinet officer.

22. The powers of the National government are three-fold, viz., legislative, judicial and executive (see Constitution of the United States).

23. The first in succession would be the secretary of state, the second, secretary of the treasury; third, secretary of war; fourth, the attorney-general; fifth, the postmaster-general; sixth, the secretary of the navy; seventh, secretary of the interior, who shall act as President until the disability shall be removed, or until the end of the term for which the President was elected, or until his successor is elected and qualifies.

24. (1) The navigation, (2) writs of assistance, (3) the Scamp act, (4) the Boston massacre, (5) the Boston tea party, (6) the Port bill trade restrictions. 25. The direct cause of the Revolution was taxation without representation.

FINANCIAL.

1. In 1793 about 1,300 copper cents. In 1787 congress contracted with James Jarvis for three hundred tons of copper cents, which were coined at a mint in New Haven, Connecticut.

2. In 1812, June 30.

3. In January, 1862.

4. September 2, 1789.

5. February 25, 1791, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Bank of Ameri“

6. In 1815, $127,000,000.

7. In 1816.

8. In 1818.

9. James Buchanan, February 8, 1861.

10. In July, 1862

11. In 1861.

12. In 1792, on April 2.

13. On February 25, 1862.

14. In December, 1873, by John Sherman.

15. On August 31, 1865, $2,756,431,571.

16. On May 1, 1806.

17. On April 2, 1792.

18. The order of the government to its land agents to take in exchange for land nothing but gold and silver.

19. Building railroads when they did not pay.

20. $191,608.81, and its redemption was completed June 8, 1790.

21. $135,196,703, and the colonies furnished 395,064 troops.

22. $107,159,003, and the number of troops engaged is estimated at 471,622 23. $100,000,000, and the number of troops engaged is estimated at 101,282 24. $6,189,929,908.56, and the number of Federal troops was 2,859,132. 25. Gouverneur Morris.

26. In August, 1814; in May, 1837; in October, 1857; and December, 1861 27. Selling new bonds at a lower rate to raise money to pay off the old debt 28. To prevent workingmen from having to take silver for their wages. 29. On October 15, 1792, excepting the Spanish dollar. 30. In 1835, during Andrew Jackson's administration.

TARIFF.

1. A list of duties which pays no attention to protection.

2. The use of money coming from protective tariff for internal improvements. 3. In 1824.

4. July 4, 1789.

5 On September 29, 1789. Thirteen hundred dollars were collected.

6. The Seventh Tariff act, passed April 14, 1846.

7 The starting of the first United States bank, the outgrowth of the refunding system, and indirectly the public credit became the basis of our note circulation.

8. George Washington received the first money-one thousand dollars-on account of his salary as President.

9. Chalk. See Tariff act of 1861.

10. The Fourth Tariff act, passed May 19, 1828.

11. The First Tariff act.

12. The Ninth Tariff act of March 2, 1861.

13. The Ninth Tariff act was increased and changed thirteen different times. 14. 2,317 articles were taxed, at an average duty of about forty-eight pe‐

cent.

15. In 1862

VICE-PRESIDENTS.

1. W R. King.

2. Aaron Burr.

3. Aaron Burr

4. Aaron Burr, grandson of Edwards.

5. Twenty-one

6. The etion of 1824, the scrub race for the Presidency. J. C. Caihoun was

elected vice-president. The election for President was thrown into the house of representatives and John Q. Adams was elected.

7. Schuyler Colfax and Henry Wilson.

8. Chester A. Arthur and Thomas A. Hendricks.

9. Chester A. Arthur took the oath of office as President in the city of New York.

10. Because the legislative department being first, it is organized first at the beginning of each administration. The executive second; then the President is inaugurated and congress is ready to receive any commission from the new President.

11. Five, viz.: George Clinton died April 18, 1812; Elbridge Gerry died November 23, 1813; William R. King died April 18, 1853; Henry Wilson died November 22, 1875, and Thomas Hendricks, November 24, 1885.

12. One. John C. Calhoun resigned December 28, 1832.

13. Four. John Tyler, April 4, 1841; Millard Fillmore, July 9, 1850; Andrew Johnson, April 15, 1865, and Chester A. Arthur, September 20, 1881. 14. John Adams, Thomas Jefferson and Elbridge Gerry.

15. Ten thousand dollars per year.

16. No; only native born citizens. Naturalized citizens are barred from the vice-presidency and Presidency.

17. By impeachment.

18. Thirty-five years old.

19. Thirty-four in all-twenty-one vice-presidents and fourteen acting vicepresidents, or presidents of the senate pro tem.

20. The president pro tem, or temporary president.

5. About 1608, about one mile from Jamestown,' a glass manufactory was started.

6. March, 1789.

7. On July 31, 1790.

8. In 1794, at Pawtucket.

9. A few miles above New Orleans, in 1796.

10. In 1815.

11. In 1836.

12. In 1795, and remained for twenty-four years.

13. In 1850.

14. $1,019,106,616.

15. An over production of manufactured goods; an increase of railroads beyond the needs of the country; speculation in oil lands, mining stocks and other means by which sudden riches were to be achieved, and an inflated paper currency made to equal the demands of war times. As in this case, remarkable excess of imports over exports preceding the panic will be noted. In 1871 we exported fifty millions more than we imported, and in 1872 we imported sixtyeight millions more than we exported.

16. In 1809, at Georgetown, by the Columbiana Agricultural society.

17. The first strike in America of which record can be found occurred among