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times into such convenient form that they may be read without resort to the numerous sources of information from which they have been derived.

If the attractions of rhetoric, or the interest of sensational description are expected to be found, the reader will be disappointed, and even the opinions of the compiler, in respect to the events which are recorded, will be looked for in vain, and are not permitted to affect in any manner the statement of facts presented.

The compilation being made so largely from the writings of others, it would be next to impossible, either in the text or by notes, to give the credit which is justly due, and it is hoped that any imputation of plagiarism will be found undeserved in view of this acknowledgment.

Very liberal extracts have been made from the history of GENERAL SMITH and entire paragraphs used without alteration or change of a sentence or word. The collections of the State Historical Society have been drawn upon whenever they would aid in promoting the desired object. The graphic description of the surrender of RED BIRD, in the eleventh chapter, is copied bodily from an article on the Winnebago war by COL. THOMAS L. MCKENNEY. Other extracts have been made from other writings, which it is not possible to specify in detail.

The compiler wishes to say, in justice to himself, that the compilation now presented is his first attempt at anything of this kind. He is but little practiced in literary composition, and is but too conscious of his inability to give such form to the materials he has been able to obtain, as to make them worthy of publication. The work, however, is now laid before the public, whose favorable consideration of it is invoked, while no complaint will be made of fair criticism founded upon a knowledge of its contents. It has been undertaken for the reasons already stated, and because the author felt a considerable degree of obligation resting upon him to contribute whatever might be in his power, to the preservation of the history of those events with which he was contemporary, and which in a few years will have passed into oblivion.

MOSES M. STRONG.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

EARLY EXPLORATIONS OF "FLORIDA AND "LOUISIANA"- 1512 TO 1719.

Gen. W. R. Smith's history-Juan Ponce de Leon - Diego Miruelo - Narvaez - De Soto -

Champlain - Le Caron-Charter of New France - First Jesuit missions - Brebeuf,

Daniel & Zallemand — Nicollet, the first to visit Wisconsin - Raymbault and Jogues —

De querre Fur-traders in 1654-Drocoux -- Mesnard- -Allouez and his grand inter-

tribal Council at Chegoiemegon - Dablon and Marquette - Perot, his visit to Green

Bay and Chicago - Mission of St. Francis Xavier established at Green Bay - French

take formal possession at St. Mary's - The cross borne by Allouez and Dablon to the

Milwaukee and Waukesha rivers - Marquette and Joliet explore the Fox, Wisconsin

and Mississippi rivers and return to Green Bay via Chicago - Marquette, his sickness

and death-La Salle erects fort at Frontenac, builds the Griffin, anchors at Green Bay,

goes to the Illinois, begins to build Fort Crèvecœur, returns to Frontenac, and back to

the Illinois-Hennepin, with Accau and Du Gay explores the Upper Mississippi, made

prisoners, liberated, visited St. Anthony, meet Du Lhut and his party, all reach Green

Bay, Hennepin returns to Europe and dies La Salle goes to Mackinaw and returns to

Crèvecœur, descends the Mississippi to its mouth, and takes possession of all the country

for France, returns to France, attempts to colonize Louisiana. - War between England

and France Peace of Ryswick - Iberville and Chateaumorand - Iberville ascends the

Mississippi - -Le Sueur -he explores the St. Peter's river for minerals and winters

there - Cadillac takes possession of Detroit - Kaskaskia - Peace of Utrecht - Bois-

braint-Fort Chartres, Cahokia and Prairie de Rocher - Artaguette - New Orleans -

Renault.

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WARS WITH FOX INDIANS-1712 TO 1746.

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The Foxes concentrate their bands on Fox River - De Louvigny's expedition against the
Foxes - His report to the council - Little Butte des Mortes - De Louvigny's death by
shipwreck - Gov. Vaudreuil's letter of approbation -Bad faith of the Foxes - Peace-
able efforts of the French-Indian council - De Lignery sent to destroy the Foxes -
Troops commence march - Foxes escape - Expedition continues up Fox River - Burn
villages and return - Lignery criticised - Taken prisoner - Friendly Indians attack
the Foxes-Marin - His traffic on Fox and Wisconsin Rivers - Piratical exactions of
the Foxes - Marin determines to drive them out - His stratagem - Foxes awaiting the
boats The attack - - Village burned - The battle-Result-Letter of De Beauharnois
- Du Buisson attacks the Foxes - De Villers defeats and routes the Foxes -
- Surviving
Foxes retire to the Wisconsin River - Marin again attacks them - They are driven
across the Mississippi - Marin commands at Green Bay - Taken prisoner - Final ex-
pulsion of Foxes-Sacs and Foxes confederated - Sacs at Green Bay - Expulsion of
the Sacs Sacs at Sauk Prairie - Sacs remove to the Mississippi River - Sacs and
Foxes at Mouth of Rock River.

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THE LANGLADE FAMILY-1745 TO 1800.

Biography no part of history - De Langlade's family-birth of Augustin- and Indian
trader married — children - Charles has a son- --Augustin and family remove to
Green Bay - his death - marriage of Charles - French War - Vaudreuil selects him
to raise the Indian tribes, and lead them in the war - He raises 1500-they march to

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Fort Du Quesne - Braddock's defeat- - The fight owing to the importunities of Charles
De Langlade - De Beaujeu consents to order an attack Casualties De Langlade
ordered to strike Fort Cumberland - At capture of Fort William Henry-Second in
command at Mackinaw - At Ticonderoga - Again at Fort Du Quesne - French burn
the fort and retire before Washington-At Fort Niagara- - Battle of Quebec-Sur-
render of Canada and discharge of De Langlade's troops and Indians- - His hardships-
His children-Takes active part for the British in the Revolutionary War-Attends
Indian Council - Goes to St. Josephs-Superintendent of Indian affairs at Green Bay -
His death-Pierre Grignon, Sen. Augustin Grignon's Recollections.

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CHAPTER IV.

JONATHAN CARVER'S EXPLORATIONS-1766 AND 1767.

Treaty of Paris; cession of Louisiana - Captain Jonathan Carver-His birth-His mili-
tary record-Sets out from Boston - At Mackinaw - Leaves Green Bay - Leaves
Doty's island - At Portage - At Prairie du Sac - The deserted Fox village - La Prairie
des Chiens - Traders stop at Yellow river- At Lake Pepin - Nicholas Perrot - Pre-
historic tumuli- Makes a treaty between Dakotas and Chippewas-" Carver's Cave "-
Leaves canoe and walks to Falls of St. Anthony - St. Francis River - Ascends the
Minnesota River - Returns to the Mississippi - Grand Council — “Carver's Grant"—
Doubts as to the validity of the deed-In violation of the King's proclamation - Peti-
tion presented to Congress - Adverse report - Another adverse report—"Murray
Claim "Private Land claims - Returns to Prairie du Chien — Leaves Prairie du
Chien and ascends the Chippewa River - On the St. Croix-Copper - Descends to Lake
Superior Reaches Grand Portage - Returns to Mackinaw and Boston.

CHAPTER V.

PROGRESS OF SETTLEMENTS IN THE NORTHWEST, AND TRANSFER TO BRITISH
JURISDICTION—1705 TO 1775.

Digression-Progress of settlement in the Wabash country -

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Population of Illinois county

- Gist's settlement in the Youghiogeny - Washington sent to the Ohio River - Begin-
ning of the French war - English forces withdrawn from the valley of the Ohio -
Braddock's defeat - French power overthrown -- Indian affection for the French - First
settlements of French east of the Mississippi - Settlement of Upper Louisiana — 1721,
Jesuit college-"American Bottom"- French Forts- Fort Massac- Fort Charters-
1765 Great Britain succeeds to France - De Villiers-St. Ange de Bellerive - Retires to
St. Louis Exodus of the French - Population of Illinois settlements - Capt. Sterling
- British proclamation - Right of emigration - Equal rights guaranteed — M. St. Ange
returns Maj. Frazer-Col. Reid-Col. Wilkins - First Common Law Court-1774
Civil Law restored — “ Quebec Bill ” — Grants of land by Col. Wilkins-Settlements on
the Monongahela - Pittsburgh-Gov. Dunmore encourages emigration - French set-
tlers support the American cause - Detroit in 1763 - The Pontiac war - Grand council
of Indian tribes-Capture and slaughter of English garrisons - Mackinaw surprised
and captured by a game of ball-Green Bay abandoned - Detroit alone remains —
Pontiac invests Detroit - Siege-Great distress of the English - Peace concluded with
the Indian tribes-Pontiac killed - Peace did not bring settlements-Green Bay -
Capt. Stirling takes commaud of the "Illinois Country "- Indian tribes of the North-
west unfriendly to the Americans and allied to the British-Col. Geo. Rogers Clark
sent from Virginia by Gov. Patrick Henry to reduce the British posts in the Northwest.
-Col Clark takes Kaskaskia and captures the fort French inhabitants declare for
America, and secure submission at Cahokia -Vincennes declares allegiance to Vir-
ginia - Jurisdiction of Virginia established in the Northwest - British capture Post
Vincennes Col. Clark recaptures it and sends the British to Virginia as prisoners -
Capt. Helm captures a convoy of supplies - Virginia in the possession of the entire
Northwest - Slow progress of settlement.

CHAPTER VI.

UNDER AMERICAN JURISDICTION-1787 TO 1820.

Ordinance of 1787-Slavery at Green Bay - British posts in Northwest not immediately
surrendered-Indian wars- Harmar's defeat on the Maumee - Successful and de-
cisive campaign of Gen. Anthony Wayne - Preliminary articles of peace-Treaty of
Greenville, "great and abiding peace document." - Disputes about the right to the free
navigation of the Lower Mississippi - Free navigation secured by the treaty of Madrid
-Spain cedes Louisiana to France France cedes Louisiana to the United States -
Indian Territory established - Genl. W. H. Harrison appointed Governor-Treaty with
the Sacs and Foxes - Boundaries of the ceded land- Two treaties with Sacs and Foxes
-Treaty with Sacs of Rock River - Black Hawk signs treaty - Fort Madison- Pike's
expedition - Cession of site of Fort Snelling - Battle of Tippecanoe - Indians seek the
aid of British allies. - British incite Indian traders - Robert Dickson and his Indian
forces - Capture of Mackinaw - Fort Meigs-Col. Dickson and his Indians join the
British at Detroit- Hull's surrender of Detroit-Evacuation of Fort Dearborn and
massacre of Capt. Heald and party - Fort at Prairie du Chien- Unsuccessful expedi
tion of Maj. Campbell-Col. McKay places guns at Rock Island-Fort Armstrong
commenced at Rock Island-John Shaw, trades between St. Louis and Prairie du Chien
-Lead smelting at Galena by Indians - Steam Boat Navigation on the Mississippi -
The first saw-mills in Wisconsin.

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CHAPTER VII.

GREEN BAY-1634 TO 1836.

Earliest abodes of civilization - Nicollet-Fur traders - Mesnard- Allouez- Mission of
St. Francis Xavier - Fort - Tonti in command - Du Luth - Marquette and Joliet -
Hennepin and Du Luth-Thirty barren years -De Louvigney - De Lignery - Capt.
De Velie - Garrison withdrawn - Settlement of Augustin De Langlade - Arrival of
Capt. Belfour and twenty men - Fort called "Edward Augustus "in charge of Lieut.
Gorrell-Lieut. Gorrell abandons the post-Slow progress of the settlement -- Jaques
Porlier - Charles Reaume-John Lawe - Population 250 in 1812 - Ogilvie, Gillaspie &
Co.-Honesty of the Indian trade-Jacob Franks builds a mill - Indian agent and factor
-Government saw-mill- Fort Howard located by Gen. Chas. Gratiot - In command
of Col. Chambers - Col. Smith removes troops to Camp Smith Col. Pinkney moves
back to Fort Howard Col. McNeill — Gen. Brady -Shantytown - Robert Irwin, Jr.
Daniel Whitney - Wm. Dickinson - H. S. Baird J. D. Doty - Court House and Jail
Mission School and Rev. R. F. Cadel-Episcopal Church incorporated - First News-
paper Indian agency under Maj. Brevort-Catholic Church and school - Father
Richard- -Shantytown absorbed by Navarino, Astor and Depere - Only eight American
families Character of population - Ebenezer Childs-John P. Arndt-Albert G.
Ellis J. D. Doty - Removes to Green Bay - Madison and Doty's island - His official
positions-Is appointed Governor of Utah, where he dies - Morgan L. Martin.

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CHAPTER VIII

PRAIRIE DU CHIEN-160 TO 1839.

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Uncertainty of time of first settlement - Hennepin - Marquet and Joliet First military
post-Cardinelle - Ganier - French trading post - French military post - Carver -
Gov. Sinclair's purchase-Michael Brisbois- His statement of the settlement- - His
bakery - He issued currency - Campbell appointed Indian agent - Marriage customs
-Joseph Rolette-Settlement before the war of 1812-British meditate building a
fort-U. S Government build Fort Shelby - McKay's expedition for recapture of the
fort-Force consisted of 150 whites and 450 Indians - Col. McKay reaches the town-
Attack upon the boats - Investment of the garrison -Surrender demanded and re-
fused -Hot shot-Capitulation - American troops retire down the river - Fruitless
Indian pursuit-Capt. Pohlman in command British evacuation - Fort Crawford
erectedCol. Chambers in command- Tyranny of the officers Charles Menard

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