ROUTE 44.

LONDON TO CAMBRIDGE, ELY, NORWICH, AND

YARMOUTH.

146 miles; (express) 1st class, 30s. ; 2nd, 20s.; return-tickets, available for two days, 1st class, 47s. 6d.; 2nd, 36s. 6d.

we

NE mile from Bishopsgate-street Station is Mile End, near which see, on the left, Victoria Park. At Park Station (9 miles) a branch-line of 3 miles leads to Edmonton, (famed for the exploit of "John Gilpin,") and Enfield, where the Government have established a factory for small arms. Near Ponder's End (11 miles), on the right, is Waltham Abbey, where Harold, the last of the Saxon kings, was buried after the battle of Hastings. At a short distance from Waltham, on the left, is Waltham Cross, one of the fifteen beautiful crosses erected by Edward I. in memory of his queen, Eleanor. Not far distant are the Government powder mills. Cheshunt (164 miles) is noted as the place where Richard Cromwell died. The manor was once in the possession of Cardinal Wolsey. From Broxbourne (19 miles) there is a branch of 7 miles to Ware and Hertford. The next place of interest is Audley End (43 miles), near which, on the right, we observe the beautiful mansion of Lord Braybrooke. contains some good pictures, and a large aviary. Near Chesterford (47 miles) an ancient Roman villa and other antiquities have been discovered; also several Roman remains near Shelford (514

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miles); soon after passing which we reach

CAMBRIDGE (57 miles. Hotels: Bull, Hoop, Red Lion), population, 26,361. The second great university of England, of considerable antiquity, and, like Oxford, assuming the regular form of a university only in the thirteenth century. There are seventeen colleges, each of which furnishes members of the general controlling body of the university, whilst retaining its own special rules, like those of Oxford. There are three terms: Michaelmas or October Term, from October 1 to December 16; Lent, or January Term, from January 13, to Friday before Palm Sunday; and Easter, or Midsummer Term, beginning on the Friday after Easterday, and ending on Commencement-day, the last Tuesday but one in June. The general constitution and government much resemble those of Oxford, as well as the sources of income and remuneration of the professors. Every student must have completed nine terms' residence, during two-thirds of each full term, before he can take his degree. The degrees conferred are those of Bachelor and Master of Arts, Bachelors and Doctors in Divinity, Law, Physic, and Music. The Church of England test is still requisite here, as at Oxford. Honours are ranged under triposes. The three classes of merit in the Mathematical Tripos are Wranglers, Senior, and Junior Optimes; the first man being Senior Wrangler. The Classical Tripos has three classes, the first successful candidate on the list being termed the Senior Classic, and so on. Since

1848 other triposes have been established. The subjects of examination in the Moral Sciences

Tripos, in which honours may be taken, are Moral Philosophy, Political Economy, Modern History, General Jurisprudence, and the Laws of England; the subjects in the Natural Sciences Tripos include Anatomy, Comparative Anatomy, Physiology, Chemistry, Botany, Geology, and Mineralogy. The colleges are, St. Peter's, Clare, Pembroke, Caius, Trinity Hall, Corpus Christi, King's, Queen's, Catherine, Jesus, Christ's, St. John's, Magdalene, Trinity, Emmanuel, Sidney, Sussex, and Downing; of which St. Peter's, founded in 1257, is the most ancient, and Downing College, founded in 1800, the most recent. The university returns two members to Parliament. The college fees on matriculation differ at different colleges; but those paid to the university are as follows: for Noblemen, £15 10s.; Fellow-Com moners (scions of the nobility, or young men of fortune, who are privileged to dine at the Fellows' table), £10 10s.; Pensioners, £5; Sizars, 15s.; in addition to which, "caution"-money, returnable on the name being taken off the boards, is paid on admission to each college, as follows: Noblemen, £50; Fellow-Commoners, £25; Pensioners, £15; Sizars, £10. The public buildings are the Senate House, Library, University Press, the Fitzwilliam Museum, Anatomical Museum, and the Observatory. The old Botanical Garden, established in 1762, having become unfitted for the purposes of the university, a new one has been formed by the side of the Trumpington-road. The geological collections in the museum are of great value. In the town may be noticed the Church of St. Sepulchre, with its round tower, built and named after the church of the same name in Jeru

salem. One of the benefactors of the town was Thomas Hobson, the carrier, upon whom Milton wrote two epitaphs, alluding to the circumstances of his death. The rivalry between Oxford and its sister university Cambridge, the result of which has led to an annual struggle between them, in the form of a boat race on the Thames, near London, which has become of national interest, has sometimes been illustrated epigrammatically. In 1715-General Pepper having gone to Oxford with some dragoons, and adopted rather stringent measures towards the students, on account of their suspected Jacobite sympathies, at about the same time that the king is said to have sent a present of books to Cambridge—some wit, in the interest of the last-named university, observed:

"The King to Oxford sent a troop of horse,

As tories own no argument but force; On t'other hand, books he to Cambridge sent,

As whigs will own no force but argument."

To this an Oxford wit retorted :"The King sent troops to Oxford, vexed

to see

That learned body's want of loyalty; To Cambridge books he sent, as well discerning

How much that loyal body wanted learning."

Leaving Cambridge we presently reach ELY (724 miles). (Hotels: Lamb, Bell), population 7,428. From this station branch-lines lead to Peterborough and Lynn Regis.

The Isle of Ely, on which the town is situated, is a tract of land raised above the level of the surrounding fens which, in ancient times, were covered with water.

The Cathedral, a structure of singular beauty, stands on the

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site of a monastery originally built in 670, and destroyed by the Danes in 870. It was rebuilt about the year 970, and made a Cathedral by Henry VIII. The bishopric dates from 1107. The architecture is varied, but the general effect is exceedingly striking. Much has been done of late years to improve the interior.

The Church of the Holy Trinity, adjoining the Cathedral, is a very handsome building. There is a Grammar School here, founded by Henry VIII. Ely is celebrated for the manufacture of earthenware and tobacco pipes; and for its oil-mills. Beyond Ely we pass no place deserving of particular notice until we arrive

at

NORWICH (126 miles), (Hotels: Royal, Norfolk), population 74,900; the capital of Norfolk, situated on the River Wensum. It was a place of importance as far back as the reign of Edward the Confessor. The only buildings that claim our attention are the Castle and the Cathedral. The former is supposed to have existed long before the Conquest, and to have been rebuilt by Roger Bigod in the reign of William the Conqueror. The keep is now used as a jail. The Cathedral was commenced in 1094, and completed in 1361. It is in the Norman style, and contains some handsome carvings and monuments. The spire is 315 ft. high. Opposite the west end of the Cathedral is an ancient gateway called Erpingham's Gate. There are also several fine churches and public buildings which it is unnecessary to specify. Soon after passing Norwich we arrive at

Reedham Junction (138 miles), where there is a branch of 114 miles to Lowestoft, much frequented as a sea-bathing place.

Skirting the north side of Breydon Water, a lake of some extent, we next reach

YARMOUTH (146 miles). (Hotels: Royal, Angel), population 34,810. The old town, or Great Yarmouth, is connected by a bridge across the Yare with little Yarmouth. A considerable trade is carried on here with the Baltic, but the principal business is the salting and exportation of herrings of a very superior quality, called "bloaters." Yarmouth Roads is the name given to the sea off the coast of Yarmouth. The quay is considered one of the finest in England, and affords a good promenade along an avenue shaded on each side by a row

of trees.

In the neighbourhood is a handsome column to the memory of Lord Nelson.

GENERAL REMARKS IN RELATION TO THE ROUTES FROM LONDON TO THE CONTINENT.

RAVELLERS destined to Paris have the choice of several routes: the one here partially described, known as the Dover and Calais Route; the routes by Folkestone and Boulogne, by Newhaven and Dieppe, and that by Southampton and Havre. The distance to Paris by Folkestone is the shortest, and the time is now reduced to from 91 to 10 hours from London to Paris, and vice versa. The route by Dover is preferred by many travellers, the Channel between Dover and Calais being only 21 miles in width, while from Folkestone to Boulogne it is 27 miles. One of the advantages of the Dover and Calais route is that, owing to the depth of water at Dover and Calais, the boats arrive

and depart at fixed hours, while those plying between Folkestone and Boulogne leave only when the tide serves. It often happens, however, that the hours of departure by the tidal trains are more convenient than those via Dover. The service is the same by either route as to comfort; the railway carriages, both in England and France, are comfortable, and the speed very great; the boats are uncomfortable, there being no choice in this respect between the two routes. There are few journeys in any civilized country at this day which entail so much discomfort as this, if the weather is at all disagreeable. The steamers are small (it is said necessarily so), there is no shelter on the main decks, and there are only two private rooms (one or two of the boats have four), which may be secured by an early application to the steward (one or two days' previous-notice is advisable to secure room). The fare by Dover and Calais to Paris is: for first-class, £2 17s. 3d.; second, £2 2s. 6d. Express trains take no third-class passengers. The fare by Folkestone and Boulogne to Paris is first-class, £2 13s. 10d.; second, £2; third, 16s. The route via Southampton and Havre is not a daily line, the steamers leaving each port on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday evenings. The average time occupied in crossing at Dover is about one hour and a half, at Folkestone about two hours, at Newhaven about six hours, and at Southampton about eight hours.

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Persons desiring to break the journey at Dover, Folkestone, Newhaven, or Southampton, will find excellent hotels near the landings. The advantage in remaining over night at Dover or at Folkestone to take the morning boat,

besides that of being enabled to rise at a less inconvenient hour to take the early train from London, is that the traveller may go on board before the arrival of the passengers by the trains, secure the best position, and make, without haste or confusion, the necessary preparations for the trip.

There is a daily tidal service between London and Boulogne, by the Thames. The steamers leave from London Bridge. Fares to Paris, first-class, 30s.; second, 22s. The crossing from the mouth of the Thames to Boulogne is usually made in about 4 hours, the whole distance being done in from 8 to 9 hours.

Travellers desiring to proceed from London direct to Belgium and Germany, may take the Belgian mail steamers, which leave Dover every morning for OSTEND. By this route the Channel is usually crossed in from 5 to 6 hours. Express trains for Brussels, Cologne, &c., connect with the steamers at Ostend. The journey from London to Cologne is usually performed in 15 hours, to Berlin in 27 hours.

ROUTE 45.

LONDON TO HARWICH.

(Route to ROTTERDAM.)

69 miles; first class, 14s. 6d. ; second, 11s. 6d.; third, 8s. 9d.

EAVING London from the Bishopsgate Street Station, we reach Forest Gate (43 miles) on the borders of Epping Forest, and soon afterwards pass Ilford (7 miles), near which, on the left, we see Valentines, an old red-brick house containing some fine specimens of

wood-carving by Grinling Gibbons, and, in the conservatory, a remarkable vine. Romford (12 miles) is a flourishing markettown of about 5,000 inhabitants. The ales from Romford Brewery are celebrated all over the south of England. On the right, near Brentwood (17 miles), is Thorndon Hall, the magnificent seat of Lord Petre.

CHELMSFORD (291 miles), (Hotels: Black Boy, Saracen's Head), situated on the Chelmer, is the county town of Essex. Population about 2,600. In the neighbourhood, about 5 miles distant, is Danbury, noted for its church, which is built on the site of a Danish encampment. In the interior are the tombs of three knights, cross-legged, as was the case with the effigies of all those who had fought in the Holy Land. Danbury Palace is the residence of the Bishop of Rochester. On the right, near Witham (384 miles), we observe Braxted Park. We see nothing worthy of further mention before arriving at

COLCHESTER (51 miles). (Hotels: Three Cups, Red Lion, George), population about 24,000. It is supposed that this is the site of the Roman station of Camelodunum. Part of the Castle and of the ancient walls is still existing, and we see the ruins of St. John's Abbey, and St. Botolph's Priory, together with other remains of antiquity, and several churches and public buildings. Colchester is situated on the south bank of the River Colne, and is especially famed for its oysters. From Colchester we proceed to Manningtree Junction (59 miles), and, leaving the main line, reach

HARWICH (69 miles). (Hotels: Three Cups, Spread Eagle), population 5,070. It is situated near the mouth of the Stour, and

has a commodious harbour and dock-yard. Ship-building, with other trades depending on it, is the chief source of industry. There is a regular traffic and passenger service between Harwich and Rotterdam, three times a week, and between the same place and Antwerp, twice a week. Landguard Fort, commanding the harbour and its approaches, was constructed in the reign of James I. One mile from Harwich is Dover Court, an agreeable bathing-place.

ROUTE 46.

LONDON TO CANTERBURY AND DOVER.

(Route to the Continent.)

From London to Dover, 78 miles;

1st class, 18s. 6d. ; 2nd, 13s. 6d. ; 3rd, 6s. 6d.; return tickets, 1st, 31s.; 2nd, 22s. 6d.; 3rd, 13s.

EAVING London by the Victoria or Ludgate Hill Stations, we pass through extensive suburbs, which not many years ago were isolated villages, and reach Dulwich (five miles), where there is a college founded by Alleyne, an actor, in 1639, for the gratuitous education and support of poor scholars.

We next pass Sydenham Hill (5 miles), obtaining a view of the Crystal Palace, and proceed past several unimportant places, through a country the attractions of which have made Kent renowned as "the garden of England." We then reach Rochester (33 miles), an ancient town situated on the River Medway and the seat of a bishopric. It contains a cathedral and the ruins of a castle on