number of students is about 900. The library contains 200,000 volumes. The principal church at Bonn is the CATHEDRAL, a beautiful edifice in the transition style, built in 1270, and restored in 1845. The most remarkable parts of the building are the windows of the nave, the crypt, and the cloisters, which date from 1157. In the Cathedral - place is the bronze monument of Beethoven, who was a native of Bonn. The house in which he was born is still standing in the Rheingasse. The other churches are without interest. A favourite promenade of the inhabitants is the Hofgarten. The vicinity of the city abounds in pleasant excursions and promenades.

The time occupied by the steamers in going from Bonn to Cologne is about 14 hours.

The banks of the river between the two cities are flat and uninteresting, and the villages passed on the way are without interest.

COLOGNE (Hotels: Du Nord, Disch, Grand Hôtel Royal, Mainzer Hof, Hollandischer Hof).

(For description of the city, see Route 56.)

ROUTE 106.

MAYENCE TO FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN.

21 miles; 1st class, 1 fl. 48 kr.; 2nd, 1 fl. 9 kr.; 3rd, 42 kr.

N leaving Mayence we cross the Rhine to CASTEL, and keep along the right bank of the Main to HOCHHEIM (4 miles). The village stands on the summit of a hill covered with vineyards down

to the Main. The celebrated Hock wine is produced here. The vineyards are the property of the Duke of Nassau. HATTERSHEIM (6 miles). Höchst (15§ miles), situated on the Nidda. The palace of the Elector of Mayence is now a private residence. The Church is of great antiquity. (From this place there is a branch to Soden (3 miles), at the foot of the Taunus Mountains. From thence there are diligences to Königstein.) We see from this point the Felberg, and the Castle of Falkenstein below it.

FRANKFORT-ON-THE-MAIN (21 miles). (For description, see Route 103.)

[From Castel, WIESBADEN (5 miles) may be reached through Mosbach (3 miles). Close to this place is Biebrich, situated on the Rhine, (Hotels: Belle Vue, de l'Europe, Rheinischer Hof), (see Route 105). The small castle of Mossbach, on an artificial piece of water, contains some Roman antiquities. WIESBADEN (5 miles), (Hotels: des Quatre Saisons, de Nassau, Rose, Victoria), population 21,000, is a beautiful town, celebrated for its baths, which attract a great concourse of visitors in the season (from June to September). The Kursaal is the chief centre of attraction. It has fine saloons. Balls are given on Saturdays; concerts on Mondays and Fridays. Music in the grounds near the Kursaal several times a day. The gambling rooms are on the right of the grand saloon, and play goes on incessantly from 11 A. M. to 11 P. M. There are also spacious reading and refreshment rooms. Wiesbaden has fourteen hot springs, of which the principal is the Kochbrunnen (boiling spring), with a temperature of 156° Fahr. It is at the end of

the arcade called the Trinkhalle. The Romans called these springs Fontes Mattiaci. The Römerberg is a Roman fort on the north-west of the town. At the end of the Heidenberg Strasse is a fragment of a Roman wall 650 ft. in length, 10 ft. high, and 9 thick, called the Heidenmauer (Heathen's Wall). Charlemagne used to visit the baths, and built a palace here. The Sclösschen, in the Wilhelm's Strasse, contains a library of 60,000 volumes and some valuable manuscripts; also a Museum of Antiquities, including some Roman remains; and a small collection of paintings. There is a spacious Theatre, at which the performances begin at 6.30 P. M.

On a hill called the Neroberg, a few miles from the town, is a beautiful Russian chapel, built by the Duke of Nassau. It contains the tomb of his first wife, who was a Russian princess.

Wiesbaden was the capital of the Duchy of Nassau before 1866. It now belongs to Prussia.

ROSSING the Rhine over the iron bridge, and passing the fortifications on the Mainspitze, or tongue of land between the Rhine and Main, we pass Bischofsheim (four miles), near which point the line to Frankfort goes off to the left. Passing Nauheim and Gros-Gerau, places without interest, we reach, in one hour from Mayence, DARMSTADT, which is described in Route 114.

ROUTE 108.

MAYENCE TO MANNHEIM BY WORMS.

42 miles; 1st class, 3 l.; 2nd, 1 fl. 48 kr.; 3rd, 1 fi. 12 kr.

(This route to Mannheim is much less interesting than that by Darmstadt and the Bergstrasse, but, as it includes the interesting cities of Worms and Spires, should not be omitted.)

ASSING through an uninteresting region along the east bank of the Rhine, abounding in vineyards, we pass Laubenheim, Bodenheim, and Nierstein, all of which give their names to wellknown wines of the second class, and reach OPPENHEIM (12 miles), population, 2,500. On a hill north-west of the town, is seen the Church of St. Catherine, a handsome Gothic edifice of the twelfth century. Above it, are the ruins of the Castle of Landskrone, which dates from the twelfth century. Quitting the borders of the river, we pass Gernsheim, Guntersblum, and several other unimportant stations, and arrive at WORMS (28 miles),

F F

(Hotels: Alter Kaiser, Rheinischer Hof), population, 11,000.

Just before reaching Worms, we see the Gothic Church of Our Lady, built in the fifteenth century, and recently restored. It is situated in the vineyard which produces the well-known Liebfraumilch wine.

Worms is a walled town, with massive towers, and seven gates. The Doм, or Cathedral, an edifice of the twelfth century, partly in the Gothic, and partly in the Byzantine style, has two towers at each end, and a fine portal with elaborate sculptures. The interior has been restored.

North of the Dom are the remains of the Bischofshof, consisting of a few red stone walls. In it was held in 1521, the celebrated Diet of Worms, at which Luther appeared before Charles V.

A fine bronze statue of the great Reformer was erected here in 1868.

St. Paul's Church is interesting for the beauty of its west end and choir, dating from the eleventh century.

Worms is one of the oldest cities in Germany, and is the scene of the Niebelungen Lied. It was occupied by the Romans, and was the frequent residence of Charlemagne. Its population once reached 60,000. It was almost wholly destroyed by the French in the Thirty Years' War, and has never recovered its former

prosperity. Part of the space formerly occupied by the city, is now covered with gardens.

A few miles above Worms, we leave the territory of Darmstadt, and enter the Grand Duchy of Baden.

Frankenthal (55 miles), is a prosperous town, with a population of 3,000. A canal connects it with the Rhine, three miles dis

tant. LUDWIGSHAFEN (42 miles), a flourishing town, occupying the site of one of the fortifications of Mannheim, is connected with the latter by a bridge of boats.

MANNHEIM, (Hotels: de l'Europe, Pfalzer Hof), population, 27,000, is situated on the right bank of the Rhine, between it and the Neckar. It is regularly built, with twelve streets running parallel to each other from north to south, and ten crossing them at right angles. There are fourteen public squares, nearly all of which are adorned with fountains. Those most worthy of notice, are the Planken, and the Schiller Platz; the latter containing statues of Schiller, Dalberg, and Iffland.

The Palace is a huge quadrangular stone building, without much architectural merit. It contains a

museum.

The gardens behind it terminate in a terrace, which overhang the Rhine. Its fortifications were destroyed after the peace of Luneville, and their place is now occupied by gardens.

SPIRES (Hotels: Post, Rheinischer Hof), population, 9,500, is about ten miles, by railway, from Ludwigshafen. It is situated at the confluence of the Spire with the Rhine. It is surrounded with walls. It was a Roman station, a residence of the German Emperors, and the seat of the Germanic Diet. It once contained a population of 27,000. Its prosperity began to decline in the 17th century. The greatest blow upon it was inflicted by Louis XIV., who, having taken possession of the city in 1689, ordered its inhabitants, under pain of death, to emigrate within six days. It was afterwards burned. It came into the possession of Bavaria in 1816, since which time much has been done for its improvement.