teen princes or princesses of the house of Austria.

The Church of the Augustines, in the Augustinergasse, near the Josephsplatz, originated in a vow made by Frederic during his captivity in Bavaria. Commenced in 1327, it was finished in 1339. The Emperor Ferdinand II. made it the church of the court, and gave it up to the bare-footed Augustines. The Emperor Joseph II. restored it, in 1783; and all the great religious ceremonies of the court are celebrated here. The cenotaph of Maria Christina, Duchess of Saxe-Teschen, is remarkable as one of the chief works of Canova, and the finest piece of sculpture in Vienna. The Todten-Kapelle, contains the fine cenotaph of the Emperor Leopold II., sculptured by Zanner. The statue of the Emperor is a very remarkable work. There are, besides, the tombs of the two fieldmarshals Counts Daun. The Loretto Chapel was founded, in 1627, by the Empress Eleanor; and in it are deposited, in silver vases, the hearts of the princes and princesses of the house of Austria.

The Hofburgkirche (the Castlechurch), was rebuilt in 1449, in the reign of Frederick III., and was restored by Maria Theresa. It contains several good pictures. The music of the chapel is excellent; the public are admitted on Sundays.

The church of the Capuchins, on the Neuemarkt, was founded in 1619, by the Empress Anna, wife of Matthias, and finished in 1632. It contains the vault of the Imperial family, and about thirty of their coffins, commencing with that of Matthias, who died in the year of the foundation of the church, and includes those of Maria-Theresa and her husband Francis I., and of the Duke of

Reichstadt (Napoleon II.). The vault has been several times enlarged the last time in 1841. Strangers can visit the vault by applying at the convent, close to the church.

The church of Maria-am-Gestade, or Maria-stiegen, in the Passauergasse, is one of the oldest churches in Vienna, and, after that of St. Stephen, the finest specimen of Gothic architecture in the capital. It was enlarged during the 13th and 14th centuries. The heptagonal tower, 197 ft. high, terminating in a lighted dome, is remarkable, as well as the façade of the principal entrance. The Emperor Francis restored the church, which he gave up to the Signorists. It is the national church of the Bohemians; the magnificent high-altar was completed in 1842.

The Carlskirche, or church of St. Charles Borromeo, in the suburb of the Wieden, near the old glacis, is one of the handsomest churches in Vienna. It was built in fulfilment of a vow of the Emperor Charles VI., by Fischer of Erlach, and completed in 1737. It is in the Italian style, and surmounted by a dome 98 ft. high and 654 ft. in diameter, and is flanked on each side by an arcade. The principal entrance is reached by eleven steps in front of a portico supported by eleven Corinthian columns. The front has illustrations in sculpture, of the terrors of the plague of 1715. The interior is splendid, and over the high-altar is a group in white marble, representing the glorification of St. Charles Borromeo.

The Votivkirche, or church of the Saviour, on the Glacis of Alser, was built in commemoration of the attempt made upon the life of Francis-Joseph, in the year 1853. The Emperor laid the first

stone, which was brought from the Mount of Olives, in Palestine, April 24, 1856. The style is decorated Gothic.

The Imperial Palace, or Hofburg, is an assemblage of buildings of different periods, which do not present, from an architectural point of view, anything remarkable. Its origin goes back as far as the 13th century. The Duke Leopold of Babenburg, raised upon the present site of the "Schweizerhof," a palace of which the towers still exist. This building, enlarged by Ottaker and Frederic III., was given its present form by Ferdinand I., the Swiss guard being quartered there. The old gateway of the Swiss court, built in the 16th century, was restored in 1854.

Opposite this palace, was the castle of the Counts of Cilly, who gave way to the Imperial dynasty; after a fire, which reduced it to ashes, it was restored by Rudolph II., and received the name of Rudolphsburg, a name afterwards changed for that of Amalienhof, after the Empress Amelia, wife of Joseph I.

In

1666, under Leopold I., was built the wing called Leopoldinische Burg, now occupied by the bodyguard. A fourth wing, which contains the Chancery, was built in 1728 in the reign of Charles IV. These four buildings form a square called the Franzensplatz. Charles IV. had conceived the idea of rebuilding the Palace after a magnificent plan of Fischer of Erlach, but this design was only carried out in the portion which contains the winter apartments, finished in 1735. The librarybuilding was added in 1729.

The cabinet of natural history was built in 1764, and rebuilt by Joseph II. The wing which contains the Knights' Hall, was built

in the reign of Francis I. in 1805.

The Leopold wing contains on the first floor, the apartments of the Emperor and Empress, which strangers are allowed to visit, in the absence of the court.

In the Swiss Court are the apartments of the Empress Dowager; the castle church; the cabinet and private library of the Emperor; and the treasure chamber.

The wing called the Reichskanzlei was formerly the seat of the Supreme Council of the German Empire; it now contains the private apartments of the Emperor and his children, and the grand Batthyani staircase by Fischer of Erlach.

The Josephsplatz buildings contain the Imperial library; the cabinet of natural history, and the ball-rooms.

The Library contains over 300,000 volumes of printed books, and a vast collection of manuscripts and engravings.

The Cabinet of Natural History is excellently arranged. Open on Thursdays from 9 to 12, and on other days for a small gratuity.

The Cabinet of Mineralogy occupies three halls.

The Treasure Chamber contains the coronation regalia of Charlemagne, formerly preserved at Nüremberg; those of the Emperors of Austria; of Napoleon, as King of Italy; the cradle and other objects belonging to the King of Rome, Napoleon's son; a rich collection of diamonds, among others that of Charles the Bold, weighing 1334 carats; an emerald, cut into a box, weighing 2,780 carats; the Imperial collar of the Golden Fleece, composed of 150 brilliants; the decoration of MariaTheresa, enriched with 548 diamonds; costumes of the 15th century; the sabre of Timour, &c.

With the regalia are preserved

the sacred relics used at the coronation of the German Emperors, to wit: the holy spear, and nails of the cross, a tooth of John the Baptist, a piece of the coat of St. John the Evangelist, three links of the chains of Saints Peter, Paul, and John; the arm-bone of St. Ann, a piece of the true cross, and a piece of the tablecloth used at the Last Supper.

The Cabinet of Coins and Antiquities is exceedingly rich in objects of interest, amongst which are generally admired the famous salt-cellar of Benvenuto Cellini, described by him in his Life; and the cameo of Leda and the Swan, by the same artist.

The Imperial Arsenal, until 1848, occupied a large palace in the Renngasse, but was closed after the pillage by the insurgents in that year. The New Arsenal, one of the grandest buildings in Vienna, is outside the city near the Belvedere-Linie barrier. It was commenced in 1849, finished in 1855, in the Anglo-Saxon style, and in the form of an oblong square. It

contains the Museum of Arms of all periods, and the manufactory of arms, artillery, and projectiles. Nine steam engines, and more than 2,000 men are employed in it. Open daily, except on Sundays and festivals.

The two Belvedere palaces, in the Wieden, were built (16931724) for Prince Eugene of Savoy. After the death of the Prince, the Emperor bought the Palaces and gardens. They are distinguished as the Upper and Lower Belvedere, separated by the garden. They contain the Imperial Mu

seums.

The picture-gallery in the Upper Palace, founded by the Emperor Maximilian I., enlarged by Rudolph II., and especially by Charles IV., contains nearly 1,800

pictures, and ranks as one of the most celebrated galleries in Europe. This collection comprises examples of all the schools: on the ground floor of Italian and Dutch; on the first floor of Italian, Spanish and Dutch; and on the second floor of the older and modern schools. Amongst the artists" names may be found those of Paul Veronese, Titian, Salvator Rosa, Giorgione, Tintoretto, Bassano, Caravaggio, Perugino, Carlo Dolce, Leonardo da Vinci, Andrea del Sarto, the Caracci, Correggio, Guido Reni, Rembrandt, Rubens, Van Dyck, Ruysdael, Wouvermans, Teniers and Östade.

The lower Belvedere contains the collection of antiquities, consisting chiefly of Roman sculptures; and the Ambras Museum, brought from the Castle of Ambras, near Innsbruck, in the Tyrol, upon its temporary cession to Bavaria in 1805. The last-named contains many suits of armour of historical personages; portraits of illustrious characters of the 15th and 16th centuries, principally of the house of Hapsburg; objects of art, and illuminated manuscripts. The collection of armour is one of the most interesting in Europe, the finest suit being that of Alexander Farnese, with gilt reliefs on a black ground.

Among the private collections worth visiting are the gallery of Prince Esterhazy, and that of Prince Liechtenstein, founded by Prince Adam Liechtenstein, who also built the palace. The latter contains works of Guido Reni, Correggio, Raphael, F. Francia, Sassoferrato, Giorgione, Caravaggio, Carlo Dolce, Van Dyck, Rubens, Rembrandt, Van der Helst, Jordaens, Ostade, &c.

The Imperial Riding-school and coach-house are well worth visiting.

The UNIVERSITY has a larger number of students than any other in Germany. It was founded by Maria Theresa in 1756. It includes departments of theology, philosophy, law and political economy. The school of medicine is justly celebrated.

Many of the gardens and public promenades will have been seen by the tourist in his visits to places already mentioned, but we may specially mention the Garden of the Palace of Prince Schwartzenberg, one of the finest in Vienna, which is open to the public, as are also (in the absence of the prince) the apartments of the palace.

THEATRES.

A magnificent Opera House, one of the finest in Europe, has recently been completed; it is situated in the Opera-Ring. It is handsomely decorated and contains seats for 3,000 persons.

The Hofburg Theatre, attached to the palace, holds the same place at Vienna as the Theatre Français at Paris. It is appropriated to the production of the regular drama.

The Kärnthnerthor Theatre was, before the erection of the new opera, the fashionable opera house.

THE PRATER, the principal promenade of the Viennese, is a wood which occupies the south-eastern part of an island, in the Danube, to the north of the suburb of Leopoldstadt. It is divided into the upper and lower Prater. The high street of the Jägerzeile is the principal avenue which leads from the city to the wood. It terminates at a point called the Praterstern, and is continued across the wood to the Danube. From this point another avenue leads to the Lusthaus, a restaurant. Thence again, a bridge crossing the river

leads to the race-course.

A part

of the wood is reserved for the Emperor's shooting, and a pheasantry.

The future of Vienna bids fair to convert the fine old ResidenzStadt of the Hapsburgs, within a few years, into one of the most prosperous as well as most beautiful cities in the world. Since the disastrous campaign of 1859, and more especially since the terrible calamities suffered by the Imperial forces in the summer of 1866, the commerce and population of Vienna have increased to an extent that appears almost miraculou to those who were acquainted with the city 20 years ago. With its suburbs the Austrian capital numbers more than three quarters of a million of inhabitants; its Opera House and Conservatoire are unrivalled in Europe; and the Rings, when completed, will be the finest streets in the world. The municipality does not, however, limit its enterprise to mere embellishment; it has recently undertaken a costly and magnificent system of water-supply, now being carried out; and has, moreover, with the aid of the Duchy of Nether-Austria, commenced the great work of regulating the Danube in such wise as to enable Vienna to receive and transmit an enormous quantity of raw produce and manufactured goods by water. Quays and warehouses form a part of this gigantic project, the inauguration of which took place a short time back in the presence of the Emperor. When Austria's mineral and Hungary's cereal resources shall have received their due development, Vienna will be one of the chief emporia of Europe.

The neighbourhood of Vienna, on the right bank of the Danube, is very charming. All the in

teresting points may be visited by omnibus or rail.

SCHONBRUNN, the Imperial summer palace, is situated at half an hour's distance south-east from Vienna. This palace, formerly a hunting lodge of the Emperor Matthias, was enlarged and finished in 1775 by the Empress Maria Theresa. Napoleon occupied it in 1805 and 1809; its apartments were more recently occupied by the Duke of Reichstadt, his son, who died there the 2nd of July, 1832. The fine double staircase, the theatre, and the orangery of 740 trees, are remarkable. The palace contains 1,500 chambers; behind it extends the large park, open to the public. The grand parterre is adorned with 32 statues, and a large basin with two fountains in front of the principal façade. At the bottom of the park, on a hill, is the Gloriette, a colonnade which commands a charming view. There are also in the grounds a Roman ruin; and the Schöne Brunnen, or beautiful fountain, which gave the name to the palace, with a group representing an Undine, by Beyer, and the monument of Maria Theresa. A Zoological and a Botanic garden are connected with the park.

Across the park is the village of Hietzing, which contains a great number of villas and country houses, amongst others, the villa of the Duke of Brunswick; it also contains a theatre, and several public gardens. Near Schönbrunn is also the village of Penzing.

At Baden are some alkaline and sulphurous springs and baths, frequented from the middle of May to the middle of October.

LAXENBURG is an Imperial summer-palace, which is reached by a branch of the southern railway

in of an hour. Its divisions are distinguished as the "old castle," dating from 1693; and the "new castle," or Blue House, from the 18th century. It was the favourite abode of Maria Theresa, Joseph II., Francis I., and is a residence of the present Emperor. The church contains a picture by Van Dyck, and in the apartments are admirable pictures by Canaletto, and a group of Meleager, by Beyer.

The large park is one of the finest in Europe, and is traversed by the River Schwechat, which forms a lake with several islands. On one of the islets is the Franzenburg, a small castle built in true mediæval style. It contains a hall of arms, a collection of objects of art, a chapel, &c. Amongst the objects of art may be specially mentioned the armour of Charles V. and Philip II., and 17 marble statues of princes of the house of Hapsburg.

ROUTE 119.

VIENNA TO DRESDEN, BY PRAGUE.

375 miles; 1st class, 27 fl. 65 kr; 2nd, 20 fl. 83 kr.; 3rd, 14 fl. 3 kr.

EAVING Vienna we pass Florisdorf and Deutsch- Wagram, near which latter the great battle of the 5th and 6th July, 1809, took place between the French and Austrians. From Gänserndorf (19 miles), a branch goes to Presburg and Pesth. Near Dürnkruth, we obtain a view of the lesser range of the Carpathian mountains. We now go near the River March, the boundary between Hungary and