On leaving Stockholm, we pass the island of Lillon-Kaggeholm, and others. Passing through the basin of Björkfjord, we arrive at Södertelge (see Route 159), and proceeding thence through a canal the strait of Safo-sund between the islands of Longo and Safo, we reach Nyköping, a town of 4,835 inhabitants, situated on a bay of the Baltic. Quitting it, we pass by several small islands, some of them well wooded. On one is the castle of Nya Stegeborg, and on another the ruins of Stegeborg, where John III. was born in 1557; on the island of Mörkö is the castle of Horningsholm. At Mem, the Göta canal commences. Passing it, we presently reach Söderköping,(Hotel: Gröta-Kanal), population 1,691, a very ancient town, on the south bank of the canal. The church has two spires of great lightness of construction. We then cross the Lake Roxen, and see Linköping, a town of about 6,900 inhabitants, on its southern side. The Gothic Cathedral is next only in size to that at Upsal. The Gymnasium possesses a good library, a natural history collection, a cabinet of antiquities, coins, medals, &c. In the vicinity is the spot where the battle of Stôngebro was fought, when Sigismund was vanquished by Charles IX., and lost the crown of Sweden. Passing through the lake Roxen, we ascend into that of Boren, by means of fifteen locks, measuring altogether a height of more than 120 ft. Passing Charlottenburg on the left, we enter the Motala Elf, and proceed to Motala, where we observe some foundries, and iron works, the largest in Sweden. We next enter Lake Wettern. On the south is a hill called Omberg, on whose southern slope we see the ruins of the celebrated convent of Al

vastra, founded in 1140. Lake Wettern is the largest but two in Scandinavia, measuring 90 miles in length, by about 15 in breadth. We pass on the left, the fortress of Carlsborg, and, on the right, the town of Rodesund, as we enter Lake Botten. We next pass the iron-works of Forsvik, and ascend, by a succession of locks, into the Lake Viken. We now approach the highest point of our route, which is marked by an obelisk. That part of the canal which we next enter, is called the WestGöta Canal. Passing Sjötorp, famed for its timber yards, we ascend gradually into Lake Wenern, which, next to Ladoga and Onega, is the largest in Europe. Its length is 100 miles, and its breadth, at the widest part, 50 miles. We pass between the mainland and the island of Thorsö, and make our way slowly through a channel very difficult to navigate in consequence of the number of shoals and small islands in the vicinity. The principal towns on the lake are, Christinehamn, Carlstad, Mariestad, Lidköping, and Wenersborg (Hotel: Victoria), population 4,571. We now pass through the Wasbotten, the name given to a bay receding from the Wenern Lake, and entering the canal called Carl's-Graf, we reach the river Göta, and proceed to the cataracts of Trollhättan. These are four in number; the highest being about 40 ft. Inclusive of the rapids, they extend about a mile, and the total fall of the river is about 125 ft. The descent of the canal is effected by nine locks; three others are passed before reaching the village of Lilla Edet, at the foot of the first cataract. The Gota-Elf gradually widens, and the hills recede as we approach.

GOTTENBURG (370 miles), (Ho

tels: Göta Kellare, Prince Carl), the second city of Sweden, with a population of about 50,000, was founded in 1611, by Gustavus Adolphus, and then built of wood. It was subjected to many conflagrations till 1746, when it was rebuilt, for the most part, of stone. It is situated on the Göta, about 5 miles from its mouth, and is a place of great commercial importance. It has no public buildings of any interest. Steamers leave weekly or oftener, for Hull, Hamburg, Copenhagen,

&c.

ROUTE 161.

STOCKHOLM TO GOTTENBURG BY RAILWAY.

284 miles; 1st class, 31 rdr. 95 öre; 2nd, 21 rdr. 30 öre; 3rd, 10 rdr. 65 öre.

For the route as far as Falköping (213 miles), see Route 159.

HE only place of consequence is Alingsös (255 miles), a town of 1,837 inhabitants, situated near the Mjören Lake. It is a place of some manufacturing importance. The country around is hilly, and very picturesque.

GOTTENBURG (284 miles). See preceding Route.

ROUTE 162.

STOCKHOLM TO CHRISTIANIA,

BY HERRLJUNGA AND UDDEVALLA.

(A shorter and more direct route by railway, vià Carlstadt and Kongsvinger, will soon be completed between the two capitals.)

For the Route between Stockholm and Falköping (213 miles), see Route 159.

EAVING Falköping we proceed to Herrljunga (234 miles), on the line to Gottenburg, and then branch off to Wenersborg, a town of 4,571 inhabitants, situated at the southern extremity of Lake Wenern, between the Göta-elf and the lake of Wassbotten. Here is an iron bridge, upwards of 600 yards long. The town was burnt down about 30 years ago, but has since been rebuilt, and the houses are good, and the streets wide and regular. Uddevalla is a town of more than 5,000 inhabitants, situated in a bay, and on the banks of a stream which divides it into two parts. It is well built, and of some industrial and commercial activity. The neighbourhood is agreeable. A few miles distant is Gustafsberg, where there are baths, much frequented in summer. We here leave the railway terminus, and proceed by carriage for the remainder of the distance.

Strömstad, population 1,867, is situated on a rock-bound peninsula. It is a sea-bathing place, and has also mineral springs of some repute. Högdal is the last Swedish station. We cross the deep fjord of Swinesund, which separates Sweden from Norway. Near Vestgaard is Frederikschald,

the 11th of December, 1718. Near Sarpsborg, population 1,937, the Glommen, 105 ft. wide, has a fall of nearly 70 ft. deep. The works, turned by the river below, are the largest in the kingdom. Moss, a town of 4,340 inhabitants, is situated on the eastern bank of the fjord of Christiania,surrounded by forests of pines, which are cut down and exported in large quantities. It was at Moss, in 1814, that the armistice was concluded which brought about the union of the kingdoms of Norway and

Christian IV., near the site of the ancient town of Osloe, which was completely destroyed by fire. The Churches of Christiania are not interesting. The principal building is the Castle of Agershuus, in which are deposited the crown jewels, and the archives of the kingdom. The New Palace, built on an eminence at the west end of the city, has a handsome portico.

The University numbers about 800 students. There is an interesting Museum of Scandinavian antiquities; a National Gallery of

Paintings; another collection called Konst Forening; a military college; theatre; the council hall of the Storthing, &c. The Botanic Garden contains a good collection of Arctic plants. Near the cemetery stands the Column of Liberty, erected in 1814.

Steamers leave frequently for Kiel, Hull, London, Hamburg, Drontheim, Christiansand, &c.

ROUTE 163.

CHRISTIANIA TO CHRIS

TIANSAND.

(The distance is about 227 miles. Steamers twice a week. The route described is that by the post road.)

RAMMEN (Hotels: de Scandinavie, d'Angleterre), popula. 12,000. is situated at the mouth of the river of that name, in a bay of the fjord of Christiania. It really consists of three villages, Bragnäs, Strömsoe and Tangen; it carries on a considerable trade in timber. A road turns off, on the right, to KONGSBERG and BERGEN. We go on to Holmestrand, pleasantly situated near the the sea-shore, with lofty rocks towering above it. A little to the west of Fyldpaa is TONSBERG, a commercial town of 2,874 inhabitants, the most ancient in Norway. Near it stands the old Castle of Jarlsberg.

Laurvig, population 4,944, situated at the mouth of the Louven, possesses several forges, a cannon foundry, and extensive warehouses. Some miles to the west, on the other side of the port, is Frederiksvarn, a fortified place of 1,174 inhabitants. The Norwe

gian fleet anchors under the shelter of its guns. The steamers from Christiania touch at the village of Sandoesund, near Frederiksvarn.

Porsgrund, a place of about 2,500 inhabitants, is situated between two lakes, and divided into two parts, one of which is on an island. We leave on the right the road to Bergen, and proceed along the left bank of the Langosund to Brevig, a busy town of 2,813 inhabitants. We cross the Langösund, by a ferry-boat, and go on to

ARENDAL (Hotel: Sandberg), population 4,456, pleasantly situated upon several small islands, and built upon piles. It is near the mouth of the Nid-Elv, on the edge of a very deep bay. The ships come close up to the quays. Arendal possesses extensive shipyards, and exports great quantities of timber and iron. A road to Bergen turns off on the right.

Passing Landvig and Kostöl we keep along the eastern shore of a very picturesque bay and reach

CHRISTIANSAND (227 miles). (Hotels: Britannia, Scandinavie, Ernst's), population 9,251. This is the most important town in the south of Norway. It is situated on the Topdals-fjord, at the mouth of the river Torrisdal. It covers a great extent of ground in consequence of the numerous gardens comprised within the town. The Cathedral is a peculiar looking old building, containing pews furnished with windows, so that the occupants may seclude themselves from the rest of the congregation. On the right bank of the Torrisdal is the Church of Oddernas, which contains some old tomb-stones, and a Runic stone of the 11th century. Pleasant excursions may be made up the valley of the Torrisdal.

Steamers go frequently to Gottenburg, Bergen, and Hammerfest, Hull and London.

ROUTE 164.

CHRISTIANIA TO BERGEN,

BY THE FILLE-FJELD.

The distance is 340 miles; we proceed to Minde, on Lake Mjösen, by railway, 43 miles; 1st class, 144sch.; 2nd, 96 sch.; 3rd, 60 sch.

EAVING Christiania we reach Lillestrom (8 miles), and Kloften (21 miles), at the latter place a branch goes to STOCKHOLM. Passing Finstadbro (36 miles), where the line is carried through the hills by two tunnels, we reach Eidsvold (42 miles), the terminus for Minde. We now embark on the steamer which traverses Lake Mjösen. This lake is about 72 miles long. The eastern shore is higher than the other, and indented with numerous fjords. The hills at the southern extremity are low, and are covered with well cultivated fields; those at the northern end are lofty, and remind the traveller of the scenery of some of the Swiss lakes. The lake is fed by numerous torrents, the largest of which flows out of a lake in the Dovrefjeld. Some miles from Minde, we see in the distance the ruins of the Cathedral of Stor-Hammer, a town burnt by the Swedes in the 16th century. Passing the island of Helgo, we see an old castle built by Hako IV. and an arsenal. We disembark at Hun, near which is a curious obelisk, covered with Runic inscriptions. The remainder of the journey is done by carriage.

We soon reach Tonvold, near which the route crosses the Dokke, which abounds in beautiful cataracts. Here we enter the beautiful valley of Etnedal. Passing Tomlevold, Frydenlund, Strand (on the east bank of the charming lake Strand-Fjord), Reien (from which excursions may be made to the Giant's Field and the Cold Valley), and several other places of no especial interest, we arrive at Nystuen, before reaching which we attain the plateau of the FILLE-FJELd. The trout here are celebrated. In summer the Laplanders pasture reindeer at Nystuen. From the latter place a fine road extends across the plateau. From Maristuen the road keeps close to the banks of the Leirdals Elv, through a magnificent pass. From Hoeg the road descends, the torrent thundering close by. The cascades are numerous and very fine. At Borgund is an interesting church of the eleventh century. It is built of pine covered with pitch. The scenery from this point to Husum is very grand, the road for a long distance running through a wild and narrow pass. Passing Midtlysne, we reach Leirdalsören, where the accommodations for travellers are very good. This is a good head-quarters for excursions to the neighbouring mountains, and the glaciers of the Justedal, and Nygaard. From Leirdalsoren the traveller goes by boat over the Sogne-Fjord to Gudvangen, near which is a cascade 600 ft. in height. Near Stahlheim is another cascade 300 ft. high, and another near Vinje. Passing Tvinden we see, on the left, a number of little lakes and descend into the charming valley of Rhundals at the extremity of the VangsFjord. Vossevangen, the men of which are celebrated throughout