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Twenty-four Thresher's India gauze Two nail-brushes.

waistcoats.

Eighteen pairs calico drawers.
Two pairs flannel drawers.
Forty-eight pocket handkerchiefs.
Twelve fine cambric ditto.
Four black silk cravats.
Four military stocks.
Twelve pairs cotton gloves.
Six pairs military gloves.
Six pairs dress kid gloves.
Four pairs braces.
Six pairs pyjamas.
Two pairs woollen pyjamas.
One cotton dressing-gown.
One flannel dressing-gown.
One clothes bag.

One straw hat, covered.

One cloth cap.

One pair cachmere trousers.

Two holland blouses.

Twelve pairs white dress trousers.

Twelve pairs white duck trousers for

riding.

Twelve white jackets.

Twelve white waistcoats.

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Two combs.

Tooth-powder, &c.

Two large sponges.

Bag, with needles, buttons, &c.
Shoe ribbon.

One leather writing-case.
Good supply of paper, pens, &c.
Two or three knives.
One pair dress shoes.
One pair dress boots.
Two pairs walking boots.
Two pairs walking shoes.
One pair shooting boots.
One pair slippers.

One washstand to form table.

One couch or cot.

One foot-tub.

One chest of bullock drawers.

One looking-glass.

One chair.

One cabin lamp.

Six pounds of candles.

One tin can.

Floor-cloth or carpet.

Case of spoons, knives, and forks.

One case of pistols.

Double-barrelled fowling-piece.

Shot or cartridge belt.

Case of saddlery.

Two bullock trunks.

The following Lists comprise all the military clothing and appointments that it is desirable for a young Cadet to take out with him :

Military Clothing, &c., for an Engineer Cadet.

Full dress coattee. Pair dress trousers.

Blue cloth frock coat.

Undress jacket.

Pair undress trousers.

Military cloak.

Full-dress cocked hat. Feather for ditto. Foraging cap, gold band. Regulation sword.

Steel scabbard. Sword knot.

Leather sword knot (undress).
Embroidered belt.
Crimson silk sash.

Pair rich gold epaulettes.

Pair shoulder scales for frock coat.

Pair shell jacket shoulder plates or

scales.

Four military stocks. Cloth for extra jacket.

Military Clothing, &c., for an Artillery Cadet.

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Military Clothing, &c., for an Infantry Cadet.

Undress frock coat.

Shell jacket.

Pair regimental trousers.
Regimental cloak.

Regulation full dress cap
Foraging cap.
Regulation sword.
Waterproof sword bag.

Steel or brass scabbard, very useful, but not absolutely necessary.

Sword knot.

Buff shoulder belt.

Black sling belt.

Crimson silk sash.

Pair of skirt ornaments.

Pair gold epaulettes.

Pair frock shoulder scales.

Pair shell jackets shoulder cords.
Four military stocks.

Scarlet cloth for dress coattee.
Gold lace for dress coattee.

Scarlet cloth or cachmere for extra shell jacket.

Blue cloth for regimental frock coat. Kerseymere for regimental trousers.

Military Clothing, &c., for an Assistant Surgeon.

Undress frock coat.

Shell jacket.

Pair regimental trousers.

Regimental cloak. Cocked hat. Foraging cap.

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All military clothing and appointments should be packed in tin, to prevent damage.

MONETARY SYSTEM OF INDIA.

"The following table exhibits the scheme of the British India Monetary system:

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Small shells, called cowries, are also still partially made use of for fractional payments, and are reckoned as follows; but their value is subject to considerable fluctuation, and they are now nearly superseded by the copper currency: 4 Cowries make

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1 Gunda.
1 Pun.
1 Anna.

...

EXCHANGES.

For the conversion of the rupee into the equivalent currency of other nations, it is necessary to take into consideration the fluctuating relative value of the precious metals inter se, from the circumstance of gold being in some, and silver in others, the legal medium of circulation.

It is also necessary to take account of the mint charge for coining at each place, which adds a fictitious value to the local coin. The par of exchange is, for these reasons, a somewhat ambiguous term, requiring to be distinguished under two more definite denominations. 1st, The intrinsic par, which represents that case in which the pure metal contained in the parallel denominations of coins is equal. 2nd, The commercial par, or that case in which the current value of the coin at each place (after deducting the seignorage leviable for coinage) is equal; or, in other words, "two sums of money of different countries are commercially

at par, while they can purchase an equal quantity of the same kind of pure metal."

Thus if silver be taken from India to England, it must be sold to a bullion merchant at the market price, the proprietor receiving payment in gold (or notes convertible into it). The London mint is closed against the importer of silver; which metal has not, therefore, a minimum value in the English market fixed by the mint price, although it has so in Calcutta, where it may always be converted into coin at a charge of 2 per cent. On the other hand, if a remittance in gold be made from India to England, its out-turn there is known and fixed; the new Calcutta gold mohur being convertible into 1 66th or 1 2-3rds sovereign nearly; but the price of the gold mohur fluctuates as considerably in India as that of silver does in England, the natural tendency of commerce being to bring to an equilibrium the operations of exchange in the two metals.

The exchange between England and India has, therefore, a two-fold expression; for silver, the price of the sicca rupee in shillings and pence; for gold, the price of the sovereign in rupees. To calculate the out-turn of a bullion remittance in either metal, recourse may be had to the following.

Table of English and Indian Exchanges.

The data for the calculation of these tables are:

1st. One mun. (or 100lbs. troy) of silver (1-12ths alloy) is coined into 3200 Company's rupees, of which sixty-four and sixty respectively are taken as mint duty, being at the rate of 2 per cent.

2nd. 100lbs. troy of English standard silver (18-240ths alloy) is coined into 6600 shillings, of which 400 are taken as seignorage or mint duty, being 4s. per lb. or nearly 6 per cent.; but the mint is not open to the holders of silver bullion, which is only purchased through the bank when required for coinage.

3rd. The sovereign (1-12ths alloy) weighs 123.25 grains troy, and no duty is charged on its coinage. 100 lbs. of pure gold yield 5098.3 sovereigns-3069.5 new gold mohurs 3041.4 old gold mohurs 3490.9 Madras and Bombay mohurs.

The par of exchange with other countries may be estimated from the intrinsic and mint produce of their coins thus, assuming the Spanish dollar to weigh 416 grains troy, and to be 5 dwts. worse in assay, we have for

Spain and America

231.111 tolahs in weight.

100 Dollars

225.858 Fd. rupees or deducting duty (221.341 Fd. Rs.
211.742 Sa. rupees ( of 2 per cent. 207.508 Sa. Rs.

The Spanish dollar forms also the currency of the Straits of Malacca and of Manilla; and it is extensively known in the colonies of England, Ceylon, the Cape, Australia, &c.

For the British colonial possessions, however, an Order in Council was promulgated on the 23rd of March, 1825, extending to them the circulation of British silver and copper money, and directing all public accounts to be kept therein. Where the dollar was, either by law, fact, or practice, still a legal tender, it was to be accounted equivalent to 4s. 4d., and vice versa. For the Cape of Good Hope, where the circulation consisted of paper rix-dollars, and Ceylon, where it consisted of silver and paper rix-dollars, as well as a variety of other coins, it was provided that a tender and payment of ls. 6d. in British silver money should be equivalent to the rix-dollar. The Company's rupee is allowed circulation at 1s. lid., and the five franc-piece at 4s. These regulations are still in force in Ceylon, Australia, Van Dieman's Land, the Cape, Mauritius, and St. Helena.

France.

The French kilogramme of standard silver (1-01th alloy) is coined into 200 francs, and the kilogramme weighs 85,744 tolas, therefore,

100 Francs

42.872 tolas in weight.

42.092 Company's rs. or deducting duty (41.250 Fd. Rs.
39.462 Sicca rs.
of 2 per cent.

38.673 Sicca Rs.

The coinage duty on silver at Paris is 14 per cent., or per cent. less than in India; hence it will be found that 100 Sa. Řs. realise almost precisely 250 francs at the Paris mint.

Minted gold in France is worth 15 its weight of minted silver, or the kilogramme is coined into 155 Napoleons or twenty franc-pieces; the seignorage on gold is only 3 per cent.

One kilogramme of pure gold yields 81,457 gold mohurs, or (deducting 2 per cent. mint duty) 79,328 ditto, therefore

55.319 tolas in weight.

47.315 old gold mrs.

100 Napoleons 47.757 new ditto

54.343 Madras and
Bombay gold rs.

or deduct- (46.369 old gold mohurs. ing duty) 46.802 new ditto. (of 2 per 53.227 Madras and Bombay gold rupees.

Scent.

Note. In a coin we consider the weight and standard. By standard is meant the proportion of pure gold or silver which it contains; the rest is alloy. Thus, if we suppose a coin to contain a thousand parts of metal, of which 917 are pure gold or silver, the eighty-three remaining parts being alloy, the 917 represent the standard or relative purity of the coin.

Suppose we wish to know what is the value in English money of the Russian Imperial of ten rubles; the weight is 13,073 gram., the standard at 917; deducting the alloy, that is, 108 gram., there remain, in pure gold, 11,988 grammes.

The English sovereign weighs 79,808 gram., the standard is at 917, the alloy consequently 662 gram., and the weight of pure gold contained in it 73,184 grammes.

Now, by the rule of three, the question will thus be resolved: 7318 gram.: 11,988 gram. 20 shillings: = 11. 12s. 6d.

By this method, we can ascertain the relative value of all coins; but sometimes the value thus ascertained will not exactly agree with the sum allowed in exchange. This difference arises from political causes and commercial vicissitudes. Thus, for instance, the value at par of the sovereign in French money is 25f. 26c., yet it rose to 25f. 50c. in the month of August last, after the change of the French Ministry. This fall and rise, in the relative value of money, principally takes place whenever there is a paper currency.

EGYPTIAN MONEY, WEIGHTS, AND MEASURES.

MEASURES OF LENGTH AND LAND.

The fitr is a space measured by the extension of the thumb and first finger. The shibr is the common span measured by the extension of the thumb and little finger.

The Egyptian cubit, for measuring linen, is equal to...........223 English Inches.

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