NOVEMBER.

This is the month for activity in the vegetable gardens, as but few things arrive at much perfection which are not planted before the end of this month. The principal crop of peas should be sown during the first week, and continued every six days during the month; also French beans, scarlet runners, broad beans, and Windsor beans. Sow beet, knol-khole, cabbage, brocoli, and cauliflowers in beds, and remove from beds into rows. Transplant celery and remove into trenches. Plant out artichokes and asparagus.

The middle crop of potatoes should be sown about the middle of this month. They should be planted in light soil in which no horse-dung is mixed. The potato should be cut according to the number of eyes, taking care that each piece is of sufficient size to nourish the eye until it roots. Twice the size of a man's thumb nail of full, round the eye will do well. When planted not more than one inch, or one and a half inch, of soil should be placed over it, and it should not be watered oftener than once in four days, even during the hottest weather. As it grows up the soil should be banked up to the stalk. Great care should be taken not to give too much water, and not to put too much soil upon the potato when first planted.

This is the last month in which the generality of vegetables can be sown with advantage. Sow winter fruit seeds of all kinds except oranges. Oranges, guavas, and plantains, and all European and Cape vegetables are abundant.

DECEMBER.

In the beginning of the month sow French beans, scarlet runners, broad and Windsor beans. Peas sown in this month produce scantily. Plant out late celery from boxes to beds, and remove from beds to trenches. Sow late cabbages and knol-khole, and transplant as above. Vegetable marrow may be sown in the early part of this month in light rich soil. Earth up the stems of the plants as they increase in growth, and peg the leading branches down at a joint and they will strike root.

Potatoes may be planted until the end of this month, but those sown during the first fortnight are most likely to succeed. When potatoes are planted whole, the produce is finer than when they are divided into two or three pieces, but the same number of potatoes yield a far larger crop by the latter than by the former method. Potatoes should be planted in beds fully exposed to the sun. In rather shady places the crop is small, and when altogether excluded from the direct rays of the sun they produce nothing.

European and native vegetables are plentiful during this month, and also all sorts of brinjals, sweet potato, yams. Fruits are scarce, except plantains, plums, gooseberries, guavas, and oranges. Flowers of all kinds are abundant. A good month for sowing early musk melon and dwarf cucumber seeds, as well as peas, radish, and spinach, but very few other vegetable seeds. Most of the exotic plants will also now be flowering. Strawberries come in at the middle of this month, and last through all the

next.

THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA.

From "Real Life in India.”

THE local government of India is separated into five divisions, three of which being controlled by a governor and council, are called Presidencics. The first and largest division of the empire is that portion which comprises the provinces of Bengal and Behar, the whole of British India east and south-east of those provinces, including the coast of Arracan and other provinces of Tenasserim, the Ganges-all the country eastward thereof, the provinces to the west as far as Neemutch in Central India, and the districts north and north-west of Allahabad as far as the recently ceded portions of the Punjaub. This immense tract of territory is under the jurisdiction of

A Governor-General

President.

A Commander-in-Chief, and Four Members,} Members of the Council.

one of whom is a military man ..................

To assist in the local administration of affairs in the upper provinces, which it is not possible a government located in Bengal can effectively conduct, there is a Lieutenant-Governor of the north-western provinces, whose locale is the city of Agra. But when the Governor-General is in the north-west, his lordship assumes the entire control of affairs, while the direction of the concerns of Lower Bengal devolves upon the senior member of the Council as Deputy Governor of that province.

The Presidency of Madras is managed by

A Governor

President,

A Commander-in-Chief, and Two Civil? Members of the Council,

Officers......

whose administration embraces the whole of the peninsula of India, as far north as the river Godavery, to Carwar in the west. To the north of the Godavery lies the state of Nagpore, governed by a Rajah; and for about one hundred miles to the south, the territories belong to the Nizam of Hyderabad ; but these principalities are subsidised by the British, who exercise, through the Madras Government, a certain control over their affairs. The Bombay Government consists of

A Governor.....

President,

A Commander-in-Chief, and Two Civil? Members of the Council;

Officers

who direct the affairs of Western India, as far as the Gulf of Cutch in the northwest, and Dharwar on the south-east, including the whole of the country east of the Gulf of Cutch, as far as Baroda.

The province of Scinde is under the exclusive management of a Governor, unaided by a Council.

Each government is aided by a corps of secretaries, and agents exercising diplomatic functions in recently-acquired districts, together with a large body of civil officers; and subject to their orders for the protection of the country from external foes and internal disorders, is a considerable army, and a small naval force; in addition to which, a squadron of British men-of-war sweeps the Indian seas, and acts under the orders of the Government.

It should be added, that some of the islands in the Eastern Archipelago and

the island of Ceylon, south of the peninsula of India, are under British rule; the former being managed by senior officers in the East India Company's service, and the latter by an individual selected by Her Majesty's Ministers, Ceylon not being included in the limits of the East India Gompany's charter.

The Governor-General of India is usually a nobleman chosen by the East India Directors, and approved by the ministers, who form a Board of Commissioners for the affairs of India, with a president, commonly called the President of the Board of Control); and the Governors of the two Presidencies are similarly nominated. The Commanders-in-Chief are old and distinguished officers of the royal army, and the Members of Council are selected from among the seniors in the civil services most distinguished by their wisdom, talents, and experience.

The Ecclesiastical Establishment of India consists of three bishops, one to each Presidency, the incumbent of the Calcutta or Metropolitan see exercising a sort of control over the others. There is a considerable number of ministers of the Protestant Establishment in each diocese, who are distributed over the principal military and civil stations, the senior chaplaincies being located at the several Presidencies of Calcutta, Madras, and Bombay, where also there is an archdeacon. The whole of the clergy and ecclesiastical officers are paid by the State, out of the revenues of the country. The fees on marriage, baptism, and interment, are the perquisites of the clergy.

The Presbyterian Church of Scotland, of which there are many disciples in India, is likewise endowed by the Government; and there is a Roman Catholic Bishop, and a numerous priesthood, who administer religious aid and teaching to the large number of descendants of the ancient Portuguese conquerors and visitors-but these, of course, have no support from Government.

THE CIVIL SERVICE

OF

THE EAST INDIA COMPANY.

A WRITERSHIP is the greatest prize in the East India lottery. It is the first step in the ladder of preferment to the highest civil offices in India. It is, therefore, the most valuable gift at the disposal of a Director, and is reserved for the highest claims of friendship or reciprocal service. A writer is in the receipt of 300l. per annum from the moment he sets foot in India; and he is allowed for one whole year the privilege of studying a language before he enters upon the duties for which he is destined. Preparatory to his departure for India, however, he must undergo a certain course of instruction at the East India College, at Haileybury, in Hertford; and the following are the rules of that institution :

NOMINATION OF STUDENTS.

Regulations and Preparatory Instructions.

"No candidate for the college can be nominated thereto,whose age is less than seventeen or above twenty-one years. And no person who has been dismissed

from the army or navy, or expelled from any place of education, will be nominated to the college.

"The parents or guardian of every candidate for the college will be re quired to address the following letter to the nominating Director:

666

Sir,-I beg to assure you, on my honour, that my to whom you have been so good as to give a nomination to the college, has not been dismissed from the army or the navy, and that he has never been expelled from any place of education

"I have the honour to be,' &c.

"Candidates for the college must produce the under-mentioned documents, previously to their being nominated as students.

"An extract from the parish register of their birth or baptism, properly signed by the minister, churchwarden, or elders; and, in addition thereto, "A certificate, agreeably to the following form, signed by the parent, guardian, or near relation :

"I do hereby certify, that the foregoing extract from the register of baptisms of the parish of in the county of -, contains the date of the birth of my who is the bearer of this, and presented for a nomination as a student at the East India College, by - Esq.; and I do further declare, that I received the said presentation for gratuitously; and that no money, or other valuable consideration, has been or is to be paid, either directly or indirectly, for the same, and that I will not pay, or cause to be paid, either by myself, by my, or by the hands of any other person, any pecuniary or valuable consideration whatsoever, to any person or persons who have interested themselves in procuring the said presentation for my from the Director above mentioned.

"Witness my hand, this

day of in the year of our Lord

"In the event of no parish register existing or to be found, a declaration of such circumstance is to be made before a magistrate to the following effect, viz. :

do declare,

'I, -, presented as a student for the East-India College by that I have caused search to be made for a parish register whereby to ascertain my age, but am unable to produce the same, there being none to be found; and, further, I declare, that from the information of my parents (and other relations), which information I verily believe to be true, I was born in the parish of on, in the year - and that I am not at this

in the county of

time under the age of sixteen, or above twenty-one years. 'Witness my hand, this

day of

in the year of our Lord -'

"The parent, guardian, or near relation, must then add his certificate as to the truth of the declaration, which must be similar to that ordered to be annexed to the extract from the parish register.

"The above-mentioned certificate (and declaration, in cases where a declaration shall be required) are to be annexed to the petition to be written by the candidate, and they are to sign a declaration thereon, that they have read these printed instructions. The same declaration is to be signed by the parent, guardian, or near relation of the candidates respectively.

"Candidates will be interrogated in an open committee as to their character, connexions, and qualifications, conformably to the General Court's resolution of the 6th July, 1809. The nature of this interrogation may be known on appli

cation to the Clerk of the College department. And the following Rules and Regulations are to be observed with respect to the examination of candidates:"Each candidate shall produce testimonials of good moral conduct, under the hand of the principal or superior authority of the college or public institution in which he may have been educated, or under the hand of the private instructor to whose care he may have been confided; and the said testimonials shall have reference to his conduct during the two years immediately preceding his presentation for admission.

"Each candidate shall be examined in the Four Gospels of the Greek Testament, and shall not be deemed duly qualified for admission to Haileybury College, unless he be found to possess a competent knowledge thereof; nor unless he be able to render into English some portion of the works of one of the following Greek authors,-Homer, Herodotus, Xenophon, Thucydides, Sophocles, and Euripides; nor unless he can render into English some portion of the works of one of the following Latin authors, Livy, Terence, Cicero, Tacitus, Virgil, and Horace; and this part of the examination will include questions in ancient history, geography, and philosophy.

"Each candidate shall also be examined in English history and geography, and in the elements of mathematical science, including the common rules of arithmetic, vulgar and decimal fractions, and the first four books of Euclid. He shall also be examined in the first part of Paley's Evidences of Christianity.' "It is, however, to be understood, that superior attainments in one of the departments of literature or science, comprised in the foregoing plan of examination, shall, at the discretion of the examiners, be considered to compensate for comparate deficiency in other qualifications.

"The examinations are held at the East India House half-yearly, in the months of January and July.

"A student publicly expelled the College will not be admitted into the Company's civil or military service in India, or into the Company's Military Seminary. "No person can be appointed a member of the Company's civil service whose age is less than eighteen or more than twenty-three years, nor until he shall have resided four terms at least in the College, and shall have obtained a certificate, signed by the Principal, of his having conformed himself to the statutes and regulations of the College.

"On a student's appointment to be a member of the civil service, he will be required to attend at the Secretary's office, East India House, to make the necessary arrangements for entering into convenant, and for giving a bond for 1000l. jointly with two sureties for the due fulfilment of the same; and a legal instrument is to be entered into by some one person (to be approved by the Court of Directors), binding himself to pay the sum of 3000l. as liquidated damages to the Company, for breach of a covenant to be entered into that the student's nomination hath not been in any way bought, or sold, or exchanged for any thing convertible into a pecuniary benefit.

"The rank of students leaving the College is determined by the certificate of the Principal, which is granted with reference to the industry, proficiency, and general good behaviour of the students.

"Such rank to take effect only in the event of the students proceeding to India within six months after they are so ranked, whether they proceed viâ Egypt or the Cape of Good Hope.

Terms of Admission for Students.

"One hundred guineas per annum for each student; a moiety whereof to be paid at the commencement of each term, there being two in the year, besides the expense of books and stationery.