Makino, Nobuaki, Baron, former Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs; plenipotentiary at the Paris Peace Conference.

Maklakov, V. A., appointed by the Russian Provisional Government Ambassador to France.

Mannerheim, Gen. Carl Gustaf Emil, Baron, Regent of Finland, December 12, 1918.

Martel, Damien J. A. C., Count de, French High Commissioner ad interim in Siberia, January to September 1919.

Masaryk, Thomas G., President of the Czechoslovak National Council.

Matsudaira, Tsuneo, Japanese member of the Inter-Allied Railway Committee. Maugras, François Emile Roger, French diplomatic agent near the Kolchak government, Omsk.

Miles, Basil, Acting Chief of the Division of Russian Affairs, Department of State.

Miller, Gen. Eugeni Ludwig Karlovich, Military Governor at Archangel.

Morris, Roland S., Ambassador to Japan.

Moser, Charles K., Consul at Harbin.

Nansen, Fridtjof, Commissioner of the League of Nations to repatriate war prisoners.

Noulens, Joseph, French Ambassador to Russia.

Oi, Gen. Narimoto, in command of the Japanese Siberian expedition, succeeding General Otani.

Orlando, V. E., President of the Italian Council of Ministers; plenipotentiary at the Paris Peace Conference.

Otani, Gen. Kikuzo, of the Japanese Army; in command of the Japanese Siberian expedition.

Oustrougoff. See Ustrugov.

Pepelyaev, Gen. Anatoli Nikolaevich, commanding one of the Siberian armies under Kolchak.

Pepelyaev, Victor Nikolaevich, member of the cabinet of the Kolchak government, Omsk.

Petlyura, Simon, leader of the nationalists in the Ukraine.

Phillips, William, Assistant Secretary of State.

Pichon, Stephen, French Minister of Foreign Affairs; plenipotentiary at the Paris Peace Conference.

Polk, Frank Lyon, Acting Secretary of State, December 4, 1918, to July 18, 1919; plenipotentiary at the Paris Peace Conference, July 28 to December 9, 1919.

Poole, DeWitt C., Chargé d'Affaires in Russia (Archangel).

Reading, Earl of, British Ambassador on Special Mission to the United States. Reinsch, Paul S., Minister in China.

Richardson, Brig. Gen. Wilds P., commanding the American forces in North Russia, succeeding Colonel Stewart.

Riggs, Lt. Col. E. F., chief of the American mission to South Russia.

Rodgers, Admiral William L., U.S.N., commanding the Asiatic Fleet.

Saionji, Marquis, former Japanese Prime Minister; plenipotentiary at the Paris Peace Conference.

Sazonov, Sergei D., Tsarist Foreign Minister; in 1918, at Paris, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Denikin's forces in South Russia and, in 1919, Minister of Foreign Affairs for Kolchak.

Semenov, Gen. Gregory, ataman of the Far Eastern Cossacks.

Shidehara, Kijuro, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs; Ambassador to the United States.

Smith, Charles H., American representative on the Inter-Allied Committee for the supervision of the Chinese Eastern and Siberian Railways. Sonnino, S., Baron, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs; plenipotentiary at the Paris Peace Conference.

Sookine, John, Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Kolchak government, Omsk.

Stevens, John F., president of the Technical Board for the operation of the Chinese Eastern and Siberian Railways.

Stewart, Col. George Evans, commanding the American forces in North Russia. Syrovy, Gen. Jan, commander in chief of the Czechoslovak forces, August 28, 1918.

Tanaka, Lt. Gen. Giichi, Baron, Japanese Minister of War.

Tchaykovsky. See Chaikovski.

Tchitcherine. See Chicherin.

Trotsky, L. D. (Bronstein), Soviet Commissar for Military Affairs.
Tschaikowski. See Chaikovski.

Uchida, Yasuya, Viscount, Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Üghet, Serge, Russian Financial Attaché and Chargé d'Affaires at Washington. Ustrugov, L. A., Minister of Ways of Communication of the Kolchak government, Omsk; Russian member and chairman of the Inter-Allied Railway Committee.

Wallace, Hugh Campbell, Ambassador to France.

White, Henry, American plenipotentiary at the Paris Peace Conference.

Wilson, Woodrow, President of the United States; plenipotentiary at the Paris Peace Conference.

Yudenich, Gen. Nicholas N., commander in chief of the White Russian forces in the Baltic Provinces.

LIST OF PAPERS

[Unless otherwise specified, the correspondence is from or to the Secretary of State or the Department.]

CHAPTER I

THE SOVIET REPUBLIC

PROJECT FOR A CONFERENCE AT PRINKIPO BETWEEN DELEGATES OF THE PRINCIPAL ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS AND OF ALL GROUPS EXERCISING AUTHORITY IN RUSSIA

Date and number

Subject

Page

1918 Dec. 24 (3394)

Dec. 27 (14)

1919

Jan. 3

(10)

Jan.
(145)

From the Minister in Sweden (tel.)

Letter from Litvinov at Stockholm, December 23, to British, French, Italian, and U.S. Ministers (text printed) offering in name of Soviet Government to enter preliminary peace negotiations.

To the Commission to Negotiate Peace (tel.)

For Lansing: View that Soviet peace proposal is matter for consideration by Associated Governments; request for instructions as to action to be taken in Washington.

From the British Chargé

Proposal to send message to various governments in Russia (text printed) suggesting peace discussions at Paris, provided the governments agree to suspend hostilities during negotiations.

From the Commission to Negotiate Peace (tel.)

1

2

2

4

3

From Lansing: Information that U. S., British, French, and Italian Ministers in Stockholm have received Soviet peace proposal and that Mission is considering subject.

Jan. 6 (110)

Jan. 9

Jan. 12 (B.C.A1)

Jan. 12 (200)

To the Commission to Negotiate Peace (tel.)

For Lansing: Inquiry concerning steps taken for declara-
tion by President Wilson of attitude toward the Bolshevik
authorities in Russia, in view of the growing menace of Bol-
shevism outside Russia.

The Diplomatic Secretary, Commission to Negotiate Peace, to
the Secretary-General, Commission to Negotiate Peace
Message to London Embassy, by direction of President
Wilson, instructing Buckler to proceed to Stockholm in con-
formity with former instructions, thence to Lausanne.
Secretary's Notes of a Conversation Held in M. Pichon's Room at

the Quai d'Orsay, Paris, on Sunday, January 12, 1919, at 4 p.m.
Conclusion of representatives of Principal Associated
Powers that Russia should not be represented at Conference
but that certain persons should be interviewed personally or
asked to supply memoranda.

To the Commission to Negotiate Peace (tel.)

For Lansing: Transmittal of British memorandum of January 3, with explanation of delay in forwarding; inquiry regarding publication by French of statement concerning British proposal, without consulting Lansing.

3

6

Date and number

THE SOVIET REPUBLIC

PROJECT FOR A CONFERENCE AT PRINKIPO, ETC.-Continued

1919

Jan. 13 (38)

Undated [Rec'd Jan. 16]

Jan. 15 (43)

Jan. 16 (B.C. 3)

Jan. 18 (330)

Jan. 18 (116)

Jan. 19 (118)

Jan. 21 (B. C. 6)

Jan. 21
(B.C.6A)

From the British Chargé

French objection to British proposal of January 3 on ground that it would necessitate recognition of Russian Soviet Government; counter-proposal for Allied military support of different Russian governments fighting against Bolsheviks.

From the Danish Chargé in Russia (tel.)

Message from Chicherin (text printed), containing discussion of Senator Hitchcock's declaration of reasons for sending U. S. troops to Russia; recital of Soviet efforts to restore normal relations with the United States; and reiteration of request for peace negotiations.

From the British Chargé

Omsk government's request for recognition and represen-
tation at Peace Conference.

Secretary's Notes of a Conversation Held in M. Pichon's Room
at the Quai d'Orsay, Paris, on Thursday, January 16, 1919,
at 10:30 a.m.

Discussion by representatives of Principal Associated
Governments of the British proposal of January 3 regarding
peace discussions with the representatives of various govern-
ments in Russia.

From the Commission to Negotiate Peace (tel.)

From Lansing: Explanation of publicity regarding British
proposal of January 3 to be found in the internal political
situation of France.

The Chargé in Denmark to the Commission to Negotiate Peace
(tel.)

Buckler to Lansing: Interviews with Litvinov regarding
Soviet desire for peace; Litvinov's offer to compromise on all
points. Views of A. Ransome, news correspondent, opposing
intervention and advocating an agreement with Soviets.

The Chargé in Denmark to the Commission to Negotiate Peace
(tel.)

Buckler to House: Advocacy of agreement with Russia which
would obviate conquest, revive normal conditions, and defeat
Bolshevik tendencies; possibility of fair agreement of foreign
debts.

Secretary's Notes of a Conversation Held in M. Pichon's Room
at the Quai d'Orsay, Paris, on Tuesday, January 21, 1919,
at 10:30 a.m.

Meeting of representatives of Principal Associated Powers
in which President Wilson read Buckler's report of interviews
with Litvinov.

Secretary's Notes of a Conversation Held in M. Pichon's Room
at the Quai d'Orsay, Paris, on Tuesday, January 21, 1919,
at 3 p.m.

Discussion of Russian situation by representatives of Asso-
ciated Powers: President Wilson's suggestion that projected
conference with representatives of Russian governments meet
at some place other than Paris; conclusion that President
Wilson should draft invitation.

7

8

10

10

15

155

17

18

19

Date and

number

THE SOVIET REPUBLIC

PROJECT FOR A CONFERENCE AT PRINKIPO, ETC.-Continued

1919 Jan. 21 (54)

Jan. 22 (469)

Jan. 22 (B. C. 7)

Jan. 23 (779)

Jan. 24 (131)

Jan. 27 (B.C.11)

Jan. 27 (449)

Jan. 28 (804)

The Minister in Sweden to the Commission to Negotiate Peace
(tel.)

Conversation between Litvinov and Red Cross representa-
tive on proposed peace measures, Litvinov referring to Soviet
willingness to compromise on foreign debts and external busi-
ness relations; Soviet aim for supremacy and world revolution.
From the Ambassador in Great Britain (tel.)

From Ambassador Francis: Discussion of Chicherin's mes-
sage of January 12, which failed to receive recognition by Asso-
ciated Governments; futile efforts of Soviets to move diplo-
matic corps to Moscow and the corps' retirement to Archangel
from Vologda; anti-Bolshevik revolution and landing of
Allied troops at Archangel; recommendation for armed Allied
intervention.

Secretary's Notes of a Conversation Held in M. Pichon's Room
at the Quai d'Orsay, Paris, January 22, 1919, at 3:15 p.m.
Proclamation adopted by Principal Associated Powers (text
printed) inviting all Russian political groups to conference,
February 15, at Princes' Islands (Prinkipo) for the purpose of
ascertaining the wishes of the Russian people and to establish
peace and order in Russia, provided the parties invited declare
a truce of arms in the meantime.

From the Chargé in Russia (tel.)

Opinion that any Allied enterprise in Russia should be com-
mitted primarily to political and not military guidance; fail-
ure of British and French military to grasp political essentials
of situation; little reliance to be placed on help from Russian
Army. Recommendations.

The Chargé in Denmark to the Commission to Negotiate Peace
(tel.)

Substance of letter from Litvinov to Buckler expressing
views regarding relief in Russia, pointing out that blockade
and Allied intervention have been cause of insufficiency of
food in Russia.

Secretary's Notes of a Conversation Held in M. Pichon's Room
at the Quai d'Orsay, Paris, on Monday, January 27, 1919,
at 10:30 a.m.

Decision of Principal Associated Powers that representa-
tives of small states formerly belonging to Russian Empire
were invited to conference at Prinkipo.

From the Commission to Negotiate Peace (tel.)

26

27

330

32

333

34

35

From Lansing: Reasons for calling the Prinkipo conference.
From the Chargé in Russia (tel.)

35

Message sent to Paris conveying Provisional Government's refusal to appoint representatives to conference which would include Bolsheviks.

Jan. 29 (475)

To the Commission to Negotiate Peace (tel.)

36

For Lansing: Message of Bolshevik representative for transmission to Lenin (text printed) urging acceptance of invitation to send representatives to Prinkipo conference.

Jan. 30 (812)

From the Chargé in Russia (tel.)

Opinion of Ivanov, spokesman of local radicals, also of Tchaykovsky, and of public in general, that Prinkipo conference is morally if not practically impossible.

37