The course of instruction in the normal school of humanities at Liége lasts four years and embraces the following subjects: Latin language and literature; Greek language and literature; history of ancient literatures; history of French literature; history of Flemish, German, and English literature; psychology; ancient history, (eastern countries and Greece ;) Roman history; Roman antiquities; history of the Middle Ages; history of Belgium; ancient and modern geography; physi cal geography; general grammar and principal theories of Greek syntax of Latin syntax, and of French syntax; pedagogics; and methodology. The course of instruction in the normal school of sciences at Ghent lasts three years and embraces the following subjects: First year. Algebraic analysis, analytical geometry, elements of descriptive geometry, experimental physics, botany, psychology and logics, exercises in elementary mathematics, linear drawing, and drawing of plans. Second year. First part of differential and integral calculus, statics, descriptive geometry, mathematical methodology, inorganic and organic chemistry, elements of mineralogy, exercises in elementary mathematics and infinitesimal analysis, linear drawing, and drawing from nature. Third year. Second part of differential and integral calculus, rational mechanics, elements of astronomy, elements of geology, zoology, chemical experiments, physical experiments.

Special examining juries are appointed by the King or the minister of the interior every year to hold the final examinations in the intermediate normal schools, and candidates who pass satisfactorily receive a certificate.

STATISTICS OF INTERMEDIATE INSTRUCTION.

Total number of intermediate schools December 31, 1870, 161, viz: 10 royal atheneums and 50 intermediate government-schools; 30 communal establishments aided by the government, (17 colleges and 13 intermediate schools;) 3 schools supported entirely by the communes; 64 supported by the bishops, the Jesuits, or religious corporations; and 4 supported entirely by private individuals.

Total number of students in 93 intermediate schools, (all exclusive of the religious and entirely private schools,) 15,822, viz: 3,651 in the royal atheneums, 8,471, in the government intermediate schools, 3,071 in the communal schools aided by the government, and 629 in the schools supported entirely by the communes.

Total number of normal schools for intermediate instruction, 4, with 38 students.

SUPERIOR INSTRUCTION.

There are in Belgium four universities, two supported by the govern ment and two free universities, the two former at Ghent and Liége and the latter at Brussels and Louvain,

Each university has four faculties, viz, of philosophy and literature, of mathematical and natural sciences, of law, and of medicine. The professors are appointed by the King, and no one can be professor who has

not the degree of doctor or licentiate in the branch which he intends to teach. Exceptions from this rule are made with men who by their writings or the practice of their science have become famous.

The academic authorities are the rector of the university, the secretary, the deans of faculties, the academic council, and the college of assessors. The academic council is composed of all the professors of the university, presided over by the rector; the college of assessors is composed of the rector, the secretary, and the dean of the faculties.

The rector is appointed by the King for three years, and the administration of the university chiefly rests in his hands. The academic council every year nominates two candidates for the place of secretary, one of whom is appointed by the King. The deans of the faculties are elected annually by the professors of each faculty. The academic council and the college of assessors are convoked by the rector.

Every student must annually pay a registration-fee of 15 francs, besides a fee for the courses of lectures he wishes to attend, varying between 200 and 250 francs per annum.

The academic year is divided into two terms; there are two vacations annually, one from the first Saturday in August till the first Tuesday in October. The programme of lectures is published at the beginning of each term.

The academical punishments are admonitions, suspension of the right to attend the lectures, and expulsion from the university.

The government has charge of the general superintendence of the state-universities. To assist the minister in his duties, the so-called "council of improvement of superior instruction" is called together by him at least once a year. This council consists of eight professors, called by the minister from each faculty, and such other persons as he thinks might be of use in its deliberations on any improvements in superior instruction. With every state-university there is a governmentcommissioner, entitled "administrative inspector of the university." He has to see to it that the laws regarding superior instruction are properly carried out and that the programme laid out at the beginning of the course is carefully observed, and he has likewise the superintendence of all the buildings belonging to the university.

The state-universities confer a special scientific diploma on persons who, after having obtained the doctor-degree, have applied themselves to certain specialties of science. This diploma is simply an attestation of capacity. For obtaining the doctor-degree and the diploma above mentioned, examinations are held annually.

To illustrate the working of a Belgian state-university, the course of instruction at the University of Liége during the year 1872 is given below:

COURSE OF INSTRUCTION IN THE UNIVERSITY OF LIÉGE.

FACULTY OF PHILOSOPHY AND LITERATURE.

Studies.

Studies required for the examination of candidate preparatory to the doctor's examination:

History of French literature.......

Latin philological and literary exercises..

Political history of antiquity..

Psychology.

Logics.

Morals

Studies required for the degree of doctor of political and administrative sciences:

Studies required for a candidate of physical and mathematical sciences:

Hours per week.

term.

First Second term.

51

41

43

4

41

44

41

(*)

41

4

1

1

41

Mineralogy

4

Geology....

43

Physical astronomy

203

* See course of special schools.

FACULTY OF SCIENCES-Continued.

Studies.

Studies required for a doctor of physical and mathematical sciences: Higher analysis, integral and differential calculus, calculus of variations, elliptical functions and probabilities .

Analytical mechanics

Mathematical physics..

Astronomy..

FACULTY OF MEDICINE.

Studies.

Studies required for a candidate of medicine and surgery:

The total expenditure for the state-universities in 1870 was 860,617.94 francs.

For special schools connected with the university, see paragraph "Special schools."

The number of so-called free universities is two, viz: the free univer