Rail-Roads of Georgia and Mississippi. Statement of the Number of Bales of Cotton transported on the Central Rail-road of Georgia, from 1st December, 1851, to 1st December, 1852. MONTHS. December. January February.. March.. April May June. July. August September. October November. Total..... 173 River, in Elbert county. Then the surface of Georgia will present a grand cross of iron way, reaching from the THROUGH. WAY. TOTAL. northwest corner of the state to Savan27,299.... 8,706.... 36,005 nah, in the southeastern divisions, and 37,002 from Mount Vernon, the southwest cor27,736 ner, to Elbert county, in the northeastern 16,440 division-Macon being the central point. 3,886 How much money will it require to do 2,700 this great thing? Not more than one 3,205.. 993.... 4,198 million and a half of dollars. 17,674.... 8,244. 25,918 24,654.... 8,701.. 33,355 3,698.. 188. 56.. 2,644. 1,815. 137 8,632 1,952 202,011 72. 78,217 16. 48 04 146,392 31. 73,182 76. 92,908 53.... 19,725 77 38,219 85. 36,473 41.... 27,954 82. 38,918 70.... 10,963 31,398 55. 31,242 37 ... do. United States Mail.... Down way 23,840 80. 34,913 59. 26,200 00. 34,496 50.... Statement of the Earnings of the Road for the year just closed, compared with the previous one. Remarking ... Total earnings...... 748,207 86... 945,508 28.... 39,433 00. Bales cotton through.. $111,433 00. 80,344 00.... way..... upon this, the Savannah Republican continues: We have but just entered upon the fruition of the blessings which our system of rail-roads have produced. In the course of a little over a year there will be added to the present miles of traveled rail-way in Georgia, 137 miles. This addition will connect Savannah through the locomotive engine with Columbus, West Point, Americus, Eatonton, Washington, and Augusta, in addition to our present connections. The crowning work is yet to come. Let the southwestern road be extended to the junction of the Flint and Chattahoochee, and let the Wilkes county road be extended to Savannah Under the new administration of the Western Rail-road of Georgia, running into the State of Tennessee, the net profits have run up in eight months to $141,533 59. The road is being heavily ironed with T rails, and only fourteen miles remain to be re-ironed in this manner. New warehouses, depots, etc., are being constructed at Atlanta, Marietta, Chattanooga, Kingston, Calhoun, and Dalton. The people of Mississippi are pressing their great Central Road, which is to extend from Canton, Miss., on the line of the New-Orleans and Nashville road to Jackson, Tennessee, there connecting with the Mobile and Ohio road, etc. The length of road in Mississippi will be 180 miles, a portion of which will be put under contract in April or May; and one million and a half of dollars have been subscribed in Mississippi to the work. The road runs through or near some of the richest counties in the state: Marshall, Lafayette, Yallabusha, Carroll, Holmes, Yazoo, Madison, Tippah, Pontotoc, Chickasaw, Choctaw, De Soto, Panola, Sun Flower, Tallahatchie, Washington, Issaquina, Leake, and Attala. The cost per mile is esti mated as low as $12,500, total $2,250,000. On the subject of the proposed road from Savannah to Pensacola, Mr. Hodgson, of the former city, has prepared an interesting paper: The route from New-York to NewOrleans or California, through Savannah, has striking advantages over any other line, by sea or land, in time or distance. The following tabular statement will exhibit a comparison of these routes: 1.-IN TIME, BY SAVANNAH : The route by sea, doubling Cape Florida, presents the following table: 1.--IN DISTANCE OR GEOGRAPHICAL MILES. From New-York to Tehuantepec Isthmus to San Francisco. .2,300 miles. 130 2,300 66 4,730 2. IN TIME. ..192 hours. 6 66 .192 From New-York to Tehuantepec. Isthmus to San Francisco 390 This comparison of the two routes by Savannah and Cape Florida, shows a difference in favor of the former in time, of 53 hours, or 24 days; in dis tance, of 390 miles. But the advantages of the Savannah and Pensacola route are most strikingly exhibited in a line from New-York to New-Orleans. DISTANCE. From New-York to New Orleans, by sea Difference It would be temerity to limit the power of science and mechanic art. But, at this day, the utmost capacity of steamships is three hundred miles a day. Hence the voyage from NewYork cannot be made less than six, and generally in seven days. So stands, for this generation, the preeminence of the Pensacola route. The future has possibilities for another race of men. Savannah, Columbus, Vicksburg, Paso del Norte and San Diego, may be their line of march. St. Louis, Independence, Utah and San Francisco, may be their central road. And, finally, on the parallel of "54° 40′ or fight," they may reach the Pacific by a line of rail, on spheroids, not greatly longer than that now open from Savannah to Nashville. From the address of the Florence Rail-road Convention, we learn that ..1,760 miles. the valuation of property and amount of population on that part of the New-Orleans and Nashville Rail-road north of Jackson, Miss., is as follows (1850): Exports of Tobacco—Virginia and Maryland Inspections. 175 ART. X.-AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT AND PROGRESS. TOBACCO TRADE OF VIRGINIA, MARYLAND AND THE WEST-RULES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF NEGROES-CULTIVATION OF COTTON IN TRINIDAD-GRASSES FOR THE SOUTH-STRAWBER RY CULTURE. IN volume iii. of "Industrial Resources" will be found full statistics of the Tobacco Trade of America and the world. Those for Virginia, Baltimore, NewOrleans and New-York are now given in detail, which will complete the subject in every respect. We are indebted for them to a report to the Virginia State Agricultural Society, by Mr. Mordecai. VIRGINIA. -Foreign Export. Inspected. Leaf and Manufactured Years. Hbds. strips. Stems. Coast wise 1841...56,146...34,445...6,074....22,010 ... Stock 1st Oct. substituted by western tobacco, while the great mass of the crop of Virginia and North Carolina is manufactured at home. The inspections of Virginia embrace the crop of North Carolina, which is nearly all brought to our markets. In addition to the quantity inspected, there is probably equal to 7,000 or 8,000 hhds. manufactured from loose tobacco. Of this a large quantity is brought to our markets during the winter and spring, and 35,000 to 40,000 boxes, made chiefly 1842 52,156...32,7653,245.18,120...11,100 the Roanoke country to Petersburg for 8,719 from uninspected tobacco, are sent from 1844 45,883...20,496...2,687....24,449 ..14,363 shipment to northern markets, besides a .24,890 21,873 large number of boxes sent from the 36,149.18,127 same quarter by wagons to the southern 24,954.15,979 and western interior, to supply retail 27,720 ..11,500 dealers. 28.276 ...14,450 1843...56,788...36,236...2,000....18.880 13,420 1845.51,126 ..17,471...2,182. 1846.42,679...21,200...3,220 ..24,537 ..19,110 1847...51,726...16,560...5,488. 1848. 36,725...13,256...4,030. 1849...44 904...19,643...3,430. 1850...41,950...10,560...4,501. 1851...32,598... 3,953...3,850....28,953 1852...51,806...13,771...5,019....38,853 The proportions inspected at the several markets for the last four years are as follows: 14,353 ..13,535 .15,678... 24,119 1851...25,013. Richmond....18,803. .17,086. 44,904 41,950 32,598 51,806 The foreign export was thus distribu ted in same years: EXPORTS OF TOBACCO FROM BALTIMORE. Years. Bremen. 7,819....11,388....9,413....1,895 7.910. 3,103....4,959. 131 1849. ..18,821.. 13,783. 8,725 ..9,562.. .1,033 1850..15,864. 7,814.... 5,973. .8,177... 6,540 1851..12,654.... 9,694.. 4,154....2,327....5,292 .... Great Britain.. 9,667.... 4,992....1,908.... 5,416 Av'rge.16,018.... 9,404.... 6,668....6,857....2,978 population in the United States, and paid by the manufacturers for peculiar there is an annually increasing demand qualities of tobacco far exceed those for it in the British possessions in obtained for the article in any other America, Australia and elsewhere.- market. While an exporter cannot afford Practice makes our manufacturers per- to pay more than 6 to 10 cents per pound fect in the preparation of it, which is no for good to fine leaf, a manufacturer will simple operation. An immense quantity pay 15, 20, 25 and even 30 to 50 cents of licorice is used in the manufacture, for such as best suits his purpose, but the and no small quantity of loaf-sugar, great mass of "twists" and "lumps" is spices and essences. The several pro- made from the cheaper and medium cesses require a variety of machines and sorts. considerable manipulation. The prices .13,859.. ...13,844. letters on the cask in four places. The purchaser pays no attention to this, but frequently pays more for "refused" than for "passed," and the term "too high,” which is not understood elsewhere, may frequently apply rather to the price than to the quality. All that is now necessary is that the inspectors should be required to receive and book, to sample, to throw off wet or damaged tobacco, to cooper up, weigh, issue a receipt specifying marks, number and weight, and to deliver on demand. But among the wise provisions of our inspection law, is one that requires the word "Western" to be marked on casks brought from that region. This is intended as a stigma, that it may not be mistaken for and degrade Virginia tobacco. We are constantly talking about extending canals and rail-roads to the Ohio and Mississippi, and in advance we pass a law to stigmatize the commodity which we wish to attract to our market. Jealousy of merchants, so long characteristic of Virginians, and an inordinate disposition to favor and protect the planter, have influenced the legislation of this state at all times. The act imposing taxes for 1852-23, may be referred to in illustration. The following rules for the instruction of overseers, and the Management of Negroes, are by Mr. St. Geo. Cocke, one of the wealthiest and most intelligent planters of the Old Dominion. They Management of Negroes-Police. 177 are worthy the note of planters every- vegetables be at all times served with where: the meat and bread. PLANTATION MANAGEMENT.POLICE. 1st. It is strictly required of the manager that he rise at the dawn of day every morning; that he blow a horn for the assembling of the hands; require all hands to repair to a certain and fixed place in ten minutes after the blowing of the horn, and there himself see that all are present, or notice absentees; after which the hands will receive their orders and be started to their work under charge of the foreman. The stable will generally be the most convenient place for the assembling of all hands after morning call. 2nd. All sick negroes will be required to report to the manager at morning call, either in person, if able to do so, or through others, when themselves con fined to the house. 3rd. Immediately after morning call, the manager will himself repair to the stable, together with the ploughmen, and see to the proper feeding, cleaning, and gearing of the horses. He will also see to the proper feeding and care of the stock at the farm-yard. 4th. As soon as the horses and stock have been fed and otherwise attended to, the manager will take his breakfast; and immediately after, he will visit and prescribe for the sick, and then repair to the fields to look after the hands; and he will remain with them as constantly as possible during every day. will be provided for the negroes. Each 8th. Comfortable and ample quarters family will have a separate room with fireplace, to be furnished with beds, bedsize of the family; each room will, also, steads, and blankets, according to the be furnished with a table, chairs, or benches, and chest for the clothes, a few tin plates and cans, a small iron pot for cooking, &c. 9th. The clothing to be furnished each will be as follows: year 1 pair do. pants, 1 pair do. socks, 1 shirt, To each man and boy, 1 woolen coat, 1 pair shoes, 1 wool hat, and a blanket every second year, to be given 15th November. 1 shirt, 1 pair cotton pants, 1 June. straw hat, 1 pair shoes, to be given 1st frock, and to those who work in the field winter and summer suit each. 10th. Provisions will be issued weekly as follows: Field Hands.-To each man, three and a half pounds bacon, and one and a half pecks meal. To each woman, girl, and boy, two and a half pounds bacon, and 5th. The sick should be visited not only every morning immediately after breakfast, but at such other times of the day and night as cases may require. Suitable medicine, diet, and other treatment, be prescribed, to be administered by the nurse; or in more critical cases, one peck meal. the physician should be sent for. An intelligent and otherwise suitable woman will be appointed as a nurse upon each plantation, who will administer medicine and otherwise attend upon the sick. 6th. There will be stated hours for the negroes to breakfast and dine, and those hours must be regularly observed. Breakfast will be at eight o'clock, and dinner at one o'clock. There will be a woman to cook for the hands, and she must be required to serve the meals regularly at those hours. The manager will frequently inspect the meals as they are brought by the cook, see that they have been properly prepared, and that In-Door Hands.-To each man and boy, two pounds bacon, and one peck corn meal. To each woman and girl, two pounds bacon, and one peck corn meal. To each child over two years and under ten years, one pound bacon, and half a peck of corn meal. To the above will be added milk, butter-milk, and molasses, at intervals, and at all times vegetables, and fresh meat occasionally. 11th. As much of the clothing must be made on the plantation as possible, wool and cotton should be grown in sufficient quantities for this purpose, and the women having young children be |