Cotton, Wool and Iron consumed in the United States. 299 ART. XIII.-MANUFACTURING PROGRESS. NEW-ENGLAND FACTORIES-COTTON BAGGING-MANUFACTURES OF THE UNITED STATES. Ir is now said that the manufacturers of New-England are enjoying a fair and moderate prosperity. Those of them which possess an abundance of working capital, and whose real estate and machinery have not cost them too high, are making very handsome profits. Others are doing fairly, and most of them are making up, to a greater or less extent, the losses of the two or three past years, which have been unusually heavy. More than half the stocks in Lowell, Lawrence, Manchester, and other places, which a year ago were selling at 50 or 60 cents on the dollar, have now risen into the neighborhood of 90, and the others, with one or two exceptions, have risen from 10 to 20 per cent. during the year. Cotton Goods in the United States. Capital invested Bales of cotton used. Value of all the raw material. Yards of sheeting, &c... $74,501,031 609,117 121,099 $34,835,056 102,287 $61,869,184 763,678,407 Woolen Manufactures of the United States. Tons of coal value of all the raw material Yards of cloth manufactured.. Tons of ore. Value of raw material and fuel. 39,251 United States. $28,118,650 70,862,829 46,370 $25,755,988 $43,207,555 82,206,652 Productive Establishments of the United States. States, Connecticut South Carolina.... Georgia. Woolen manufactures have not risen so well from their depression as cotton fabrics, and while the number of woolen mills has been greatly reduced, the stock of those which are still working is yet Massachusetts.. much below par. The manufacture of cotton bagging Delaware from moss was not long since spoken Maryland.. of in Mississippi, and, when tested, the Virginia.. bagging was said to possess durability. The experiment of manufacturing this Tennessee new bagging originated with Maj. Mosely, the Superintendent of the Peniten- Missouri. Rhode Island. tiary. Some years ago he attempted its Pennsylvania.. manufacture with his cotton machinery, New-Jersey and he was so well satisfied with the result, that he sent a large quantity of moss to Kentucky, where it was manufactured into bagging with more suitable machinery. We learn that should the bagging be successful, it may be made at a lower rate than the Kentucky bagging. Having an inexhaustible quantity in our woods, a demand for it would bring the price of the raw article down to three cents per pound. Five cents more would amply cover the cost of manufacture, and the article might be furnished at eight cents per yard. The following is an official statement of the quantity of cotton, wool and iron consumed in the United States during the past year, together with the value of the raw material consumed, number of hands employed, and value and quantity of the articles manufactured. Alabama Florida Texas California .... Total.... ..1,694..1,559..1,391..375..422 The entire capital invested in the vari- to... Value of manufactured articles.. Amount paid for labor. $530,000,000 550,000,000 240,000,000 1,020,300,000 1,050,000 ART. XIV.-EDITORIAL MISCELLANY. NEW-YORK WORLD'S FAIR-FINANCES OF TENNESSEE--COLT'S PISTOL-GEORGIA FAIR-CLAY MONUMENT-ERICSSON STEAMER--MAURY'S SCIENCE-NEW BOOKS, PERIODICALS, reports, ETC.-MEMPHIS CONVENTION OF 1853. ETC., GREAT preparations are being made for the World's Fair, which is to be opened in New-York, on the 2d May, and a splendid show of foreign and domestic industry is anticipated. We trust that the Southern and Western people will be well represented with their agricultural, mechanical, manufacturing and mineral products. The NewYork Board appointed a committee for the southwest, resident at New-Orleans, con'sisting of the following gentlemen :-James Robb, Lucius Duncan, Maunsel White, E. La Sere, W. N. Mercer, W. E. Gasquet, H. R. W. Hill, A. F. Axson, J. D. B. De Bow, A. M. Horlbrook, Alex. Walker, C. J. Leeds. Newton Richards. "The committee have issued an address to the people of the states embraced in their action, Louisiana, Texas, Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Arkansas, from which we make the following extracts: "The Fair will be opened on the 2d day of May, 1853, for the exhibition of the industry of all nations, in the splendid structure on Reservoir Square, New-York, embracing an area of 173,000 square feet or four acres. The building has been made a bonded warehouse by government, and already assurances are given of an extensive representation of foreign industry. "Applications for admissions of objects of exhibition must represent their nature and purpose, with the number of square feet required, whether of wall, floor, or counter. The machinery will be exhibited in motion, the motive power to be furnished by the association, and applicants must state also the amount of power required. Paintings in frames will be received. Where ores are exhibited, they should be accompanied by the rocks in which they are found, and also, if possible, by plans and sections of the measures in which they lie, and models and drawings of processes or manufacture. "Prizes for excellence in the different departments will be awarded under the direction of capable and eminent persons. Applications from any of the states named in this address may be made at any time before the 1st of March, 1853, and must be directed to the chairman of the com mittee, at New-Orleans, complying with all the requisitions of section fourth above. The applicant must describe with precision -state the time the product will be ready for shipment, and the port from which he desires to ship, and must also provide for the expenses incurred upon it in the way of freight, drayage, &c., until delivered into the custody of the New-York Board. "The committee at New-Orleans will decide upon all such applications, and upon the receipt of their favorable judgment, the party will be supplied with a certificate to be forwarded to New-York at the time of shipment. They desire to be informed by the 1st March of the quantity of space which will be required from their division, in order to report to the central committee. "Citizens of the Southwest, you are invited,and earnestly solicited to be represented in this First Great American Fair. We have products in all abundance in every department of industry and ingenuity, if we will but send them, sufficient to delight and instruct every observer. We were comparatively unrepresented at the London Fair, but every consideration of patriotism should induce us to co-operate in this one upon our own soil. We are a part of the nation that must obtain the glory of success or the shame of discomfiture and defeat. Let us unite with our fellow-citizens of the North in this great enterprise, and rely upon their co-operation in any movements we may make hereafter for similar exhibitions in our immediate region. Thus shall we obliterate local feelings and prejudices and antipathies strengthen the bonds of amity and concord-realize indeed that we are one people, with one hope and one inheritance, one faith and one destiny. "Committee-LUCIUS C. DUNCAN, Chairman. J. D. B. DE Bow, E. LA SERE, A. F. AxsoN." The annexed statement exhibits the pub lic indebtedness of the State of Tennessee on the 1st October, 1852: Total indebtedness of the state, Oct. 1, 1851 Capital bonds authorized to be issued under the act of the late General Assembly $3,651,856 66 250,000 00 $3,901,856 66 $350,000 00 300,000 00 25,000 00 240,000 00 Amount loaned Int. Imp. Co.'s....... $915,000 00 Colt's Pistol-Georgia Fair-Ericsson's Invention, &c. 301 city. We approve of this movement with all our heart. Subscriptions are solicited 675,000 00 from all the Southwest. The president of the association is our worthy citizen, Dr. W. N. Mercer-the chairman of the executive committee, James Robb. Would it not be well to have a colossal group in the public grounds at Washington, representing Calhoun, Clay and Webster, the great American triad, as they appeared in the compromise discussions? $3,901.856 66 915.000 00 675,000 00 $5,491,856 66 The people of Tennessee have managed to keep the debt of that state at a moderate point, and, under the restrictions that exist, it will be difficult to increase it much. The system of internal improvements is not calculated to involve the state so deeply as some of its neighbors, while sufficient progress is made to meet the most pressing wants of the community. From the London Service Journal we learn that Col. Colt, the inventor of the celebrated repeating pistols or revolvers, and other firearms, which attracted so much public atten tion in the Crystal, Palace, in the American department of the Great Exhibition of 1851, has found his arms to be so greatly in request in that country, not only for the private use of individuals, but also for officers in both departments of Her Majesty's service in Great Britain, and likewise in the various British possessions abroad, that he has deemed it expedient to make arrangements for establishing a place for the manufacture of them in London. With this intention the Colonel has recently arrived in that country from the United States, and has imported a large quantity of machinery and the necessary implements for the purpose. It seems that in experiments made in England the Colt pistol has triumphed over every competitor, and thrown the officers of the army and navy into perfect ecstasies. The next fair of the Southern Central Agricultural Society of Georgia, will be held in Augusta, during the week commencing on Monday, October 17, 1853. Citizens have subscribed the very liberal sum of seven thousand dollars for the use and benefit of the Society, and the arrangements for the next exhibition are on the most extensive and perfect scale. The premium list has been very much improved in many important particulars, and embraces nearly every branch of industry and taste. We shall take great pleasure in laying it before our readers in a future issue, and will keep the public apprised of all matters of interest connected with the coming exhibition. A Clay Monument Association has been formed in New-Orleans for the purpose of raising funds to erect a colossal statue of the great statesman within the limits of the Dr. J. C. Nott, of Mobile, and Geo. R. Gliddon, have issued a prospectus for a work upon the " Types of Mankind," or chronological researches upon monuments, paintings, skulls, &c. It is to be put to press in a short time, and will be fully noticed by us on its appearance. As a remarkable proof of the perfection to which nautical science may be carried, it is said that Lieut. Maury, of the United States Observatory, Washington, gave to the captain of the clipper Sovereign of the Seas instructions, on sailing around Cape Horn, which, if observed, would enable the vessel to make the passage of 17,000 miles in 103 days, according to his computation, and that the actual time of the voyage only differed two hours from the prediction! At last the great experiment of Ericsson has been crowned with the most brilliant success, and the age of steam is to be succeeded by that of an equally potent though less dangerous element. Who shall predict the end of this great innovation, or to what new results it will lead ? In the West, where the reign of steam has been so frightful in many of its exhibitions, we look to the movements of Ericsson with delight and hope. The Republic says:-"We may now say that Captain ERICSSON has realized the hope of his life and reached the goal of his am bition. To invent a substitute for the steam engine that should operate upon a less enormous consumption of fuel, and a less wholethe great object of his life. sale destruction of human beings, has been To this object he has devoted his mind and his means, his time and his resources, for the last five and twenty years. He has wrought with the enthusiastic belief that it was his mission in the world to supersede steam as a motive power by some more manageable and innocuous agent. He has fulfilled his mission. tion are economy and safety. The engine of "The two important points in his inventhe ERICSSON is kept in motion by one-fifth of the fuel that would be consumed by a steamengine of the same power. Here at once is a vast saving of coal, in labor and in shiproom. Then there is no danger from explosion by recklessness, oversight, ignorance Cabin was sent to us by a gentleman in no danger from fire, or from the thousand Ericsson on the happy issue of his grand and one accidents to which we are always experiment. liable in steam navigation. We may travel in a caloric ship without feeling ourselves perpetually liable to be boiled, broiled, or blown up. There is nothing to apprehend from an incompetent, excited, or rash engineer, 'in the management of a caloric engine; for when it is once set in motion it needs no watching, and will run of itself for hours without calling for human aid. The worst that could happen, were the engine abandoned, would be for the machinery to stop some time after all the fires were extinguished." 1. The caloric engine burns about onetenth as much fuel as a steam-engine; hence a caloric ship of the largest size may circumnavigate the globe without stopping to take in coal; hence, not a sail will be seen on the ocean in fifty years after the success of the new principle is certain; hence, machinery will be applied to a thousand arts which now require manual labor; hence, the possibility of that long desired machineplough; and hence the coming of that good time when arduous manual toil will absolutely cease under the sun. 2. The cost of the caloric engine is about the same as the steam engine, minus the cost of the boilers. 3. Only one-fourth as many engine-men will be required on board a caloric ship as are necessary for a steamer. 4. No smoke whatever will issue from a caloric furnace when anthracite coal is used, and consequently no huge, unsightly smoke pipe will be necessary, and the rigging will be as clean as that of a sailing ship. 5. There can be no bursting or collaps ing of boilers, for the simple reason that there will be no boilers to burst. The worst accident that can happen to a caloric engine is for it to stop; nor is watchfulness imperatively required, as in no case can a dangerous accident occur. 6. Owing to the extreme simplicity of the caloric engine, the wear and tear will be very slight, and the duration of the engine proportionably long. If but half these advantages are secured by the substitution of caloric for steam in navigation, it is obvious that very important results may be anticipated. It is not expected that the Ericsson will equal the Collins steamers in speed; but her success will prove that a higher degree of power may be attained, if wanted. Owing to the great difference of expense in navigating the caloric ship, passengers will be taken at greatly reduced rates. We congratulate Captain novel, but though it is only a fiction, it is the world to believe that all she has written Propositions in favor of Female Teachers-New Publications. 303 it, under a system of apprenticeship and colonization, and not otherwise. "The Pharisees lay grievous burthens, but are not willing to lift one of them with their little finger. Would Mrs. Stowe (or any abolitionist) give up all her property, including the avails of Uncle Tom's Cabin, for any purpose whatever? or would she even relinquish the anticipated pleasure of her contemplated trip to Europe, in pure sympathy for the black race? She will find abundant vice, penury, want, and almost starvation, if she will look for it, in Europe, She ought to get up a book for the universal amelioration and equalization of mankind, and point out the ways and means how to perfect so desirable a system. "VERITAS." We are indebted to Mrs. Sarah J. Hale, editor of the Ladies' Book, for a copy of her Memorial upon the subject of Female Teachers for Common Schools, and also her Appeal upon the subject of the Ladies' Medical Missionary Society. These are papers ably drawn up, and reflecting credit upon the head and heart of the author. We have only space now to remark, that in the Memorial she asks a grant of land from Congress for establishing schools to prepare females for purposes of instruction, basing herself upon the following propositions:Whereas there are now, within these United States and territories, more than two millions of children and youth destitute, or nearly so, of proper means of education, requiring, at this moment, 20,000 additional teachers, if we give to each instructor the care of one hundred pupils, quite too many for any common school with only one teacher-therefore we beg to call your attention to the following propositions : 1. That to find 20,000 young men, who would enter on the office of pedagogue, would be utterly impossible, while the great West, the mines of California, and the open ocean, laving China and the East, are inviting them to adventure and activity. 2. That, therefore, young women must become the teachers of common schools, or these must be given up. 3. That young women are the best teachers has been proved and acknowledged by those men who have made trial of the gentle sex in schools of the most difficult description (see Reports of the "Board of Popular Education,” “Reports of Common Schools in Massachusetts, &c.,) because of the superior tact and moral power natural to the female character. 4. That female teachers are now largely employed, on an average of five of these to one male teacher, in New-England, NewYork, Pennsylvania, Ohio, and wherever the common-school system is in a prospe rous condition; and everywhere these teachers are found faithful and useful. 5. That, to make education universal, it must be moderate in expenses, and women can afford to teach for one-half, or even less, the salary which men would ask, because the female teacher has only to sustain herself; she does not look forward to the duty of supporting a family, should she marry; nor has she the ambition to amass a fortune; nor is she obliged to give from her earnings support to the state or government. 6. That the young women of our land, who would willingly enter on the office of teacher, are generally in that class which must earn their livelihood; therefore these should have special and gratuitous opportu thus the normal schools, in educating these nities of preparing them for school duties; teachers of common schools, are rendering a great national service. 7. That, though the nation gives them these teachers, in their turn, will do the opportunity of education gratuitously, yet work of educating the children of the nation better than men could do, and at a far less expense; therefore the whole country is vastly the gainer by this system. of celibates, but that these maiden school8. That it is not designed to make a class teachers will be better prepared to enter the marriage state, after the term of three or four years in their office of instructors, than from seventeen or eighteen to twenty-one. by any other mode of passing their youth That earlier marriages are productive of much of the unhappiness of married women, of many sorrows, sickness, and premature decay and death, there can be no doubt. Mr. Livingston, of New-York, has begun the publication of a new Monthly Law Magazine, of which we have received the first number. It is ably edited, handsomely executed, and embellished with portraits of eminent lawyers. Price $3 per annum. The new Magazine of Mr. Putnam, NewYork, reached us in good season. There are many able articles from distinguished contributors, and the work shows off very handsomely. We wish the publisher much success. $3 per annum. Appleton's Mechanics' Magazine, monthly, at the same price, is also received. We thank the editors for a copy of the Pen and Pencil; a new weekly Journal in pamphlet form, published at Cincinnati, and devoted to literature, science, and art. $3 per annum. The January number of the Soil of the South appears in a new shape, and greatly improved. It is deserving of support from the planters of the South.-Columbus, Geo. Affleck's Southern Rural Almanac for |