STEAMBOATS IN THE UNITED STATES. -We are indebted to A. Guthrie, Esq., steamboat inspector, for the following list of steamboats in the United States. The list shows that the western cities have the largest number-St. Louis taking the lead, and Cincinnati next in the figures. The eastern cities, however, exceed in the proportion of tonnage, as New-York, with ninety-two boats, gives a tonnage of 64,447 tons, while St. Louis, with 126 boats, only gives 30,948 tons. Most of the western boats are high pressure, while the eastern are low pres sure. Places. Bath... No. of 6.... 4,769.. 5 4 1 Cincinnati Wheeling. 38. 6,843.. 38. 4 5 Portland Nantucket Fall River. Barnstable 1 .1,205....391,557....853.... 352 to the city of New-York is only ninety- MR. FABENS lately delivered a lecture 1 2 7 No. of Steamboats-Mr. Fabens's Lecture on French Cayenne. 505 discovered two leagues from the ocean, trees, and present a fine prospect. It is evidently showing that the ocean has picked by hand by means of double made incursions. So long as this mud ladders, and exposed in the sun, where continues soft it tends to break the force it becomes browned. It requires but of the ocean rolls; but there are times little outlay of capital, and growing in when it becomes hard, and the sea healthy localities, and requiring only a rushes through with terrific and destruc- small amount of labor, can be worked tive violence. Regarding the climate by whites. Mr. Fabens then entered of Cayenne, Mr. Fabens said, that so far into the particulars of other productions, from its being unhealthy, as is generally and showed how their cultivation had supposed, it was decidedly a healthy declined since the emancipation of the place. In and about the town of Cayenne blacks. Such is the richness of the soil the air is bracing and salubrious. That and the beauty of the climate, that even the seamen of our merchant ships have a negro has only occasion to work one suffered from diseases must be ad- day in fifteen to produce food enough mitted; but at the same time it ought to for his family. The fruits, particularly, be remembered, that that class of men are abundant, and the bays and rivers are proverbial for careless and intemper- abound with fish, and the forests with ate habits. The seasons are divided game. The forests would make the forinto the rainy and the dry. The former tune of the man who would enter on a commences in November and continues timber speculation, for the production is seven months. During this rainy season great, and the means of transportation the water falls in immense masses for easy. The delightful climate of Cayenne days together. The temperature varies makes it a pleasant place of residence, very little, and the prevailing winds are and its wonderful exemptions from storms from the north and northeast. It is also and earthquakes make it a convenient a fact that Cayenne is generally free stopping place for whalers and homewardfrom pestilences, and even earthquakes bound Indiamen wanting supplies. Mr. have not left their mark, though they Fabens then entered on the history of have been sometimes slightly heard. In Cayenne, and remarked that when, in a commercial sense, Cayenne presents 1791, the Assembly of France proclaimmany advantages. To the early French ed throughout the colonies the dictum colonists it presented a forbidding aspect; that all men were free, the colonists were but they resolutely set their shoulders to completely perplexed, but at length the wheel, and soon produced a change, compromised matters with their negroes for the graceful cotton was seen in full by merely informing them they were bloom, and the spices of the east lent a free, and then making them work hardfragrance to the air; tamarind and palm er than ever. Nevertheless, the colony trees grew up as if by magic, and the was in an unsettled state; and in 1800 dark forests were made to yield the most the planters set vigorously to work to valuable woods. Since then, emancipa- frighten the blacks into obedience. After tion has swept over the land and blight- the overthrow of Louis Philippe, the ed the once fair prospect. However, blacks were emancipated suddenly in the country still presents a fine field for Cayenne, as well as in the other French commerce. Among the various com- colonies. Coming as it did at first in the modities of the country, the sugar-cane form of a declaration, blasting all the occupies the first rank. This product is planter's prospects, it was indeed a raised principally on table lands, though bitter pill; and when the official decree ruins are still to be seen on the slopes. arrived, ordering emancipation to take The average production does not exceed place within two months, the planters 7,000 pounds to the acre. The process anticipated it by freeing their negroes at of cultivation is highly interesting. once. A state of terror existed among Many estates have been abandoned, and the colonists, and the military and police the quantity exported may be set down were kept continually on the qui vive. The clove tree was transplant- The institution of universal suffrage be ed to Cayenne, where it has since been ing applied to the blacks, produced cultivated with success. It flourishes laughable farces, for many had no best on mountain sides, and is laid out names, and the christening scenes were in alleys of twenty feet, and the cloves ludicrous in the extreme; but on the grow in bunches on the branches of the day of voting the confusion was awful. at zero. Statement of duties, revenues, and public expendi tu es, for the first quarter of the fiscal year, from July 1 to September 30, 1852, agreeably to warrants issued exclusive of trust funds and treasury notes funded: From customs.. RECEIPTS. From miscellaneous and incidental sources.. EXPENDITURES. The result of these political measures is FINANCES OF THE UNITED STATES. TABLES ACCOMPANYING THE ANNUAL REPORT OF The receipts into the treasury during the fiscal year, ending June 1st, were : FROM CUSTOMS, VIZ: Civil list, miscellaneous and foreign intercourse .. Expense of collecting the revenues Expense of collecting from lands. Pensions. Army proper, &c. . . . . . $2,669,662 23 Fortifications, ordnance., 216,787 04 216 09 .300,000 00 Interest on Treasury notes $15,723,935 71 415,945 91 191,200 10 $16,331,081 72 $3,993,066 71 556,411 09 34,469 80 2,805,756 94 2,886,449* 27 2,868,760 51 995,653 37 Finances of the United States-Report of the Treasury. 507 $67,560,395 26 1,711,400 00 9 74 650,000 00 5,000 00 2,428,703 13 $65,131,692 13 ART. XII,-AGRICULTURAL ITEMS AND STATISTICS, ETC. [The Hon. Mr. Moore, of Louisiana, in answer to a charge lately made in Congress against the sugar culturists, that they were a band of millionaire capitalists, whose interests were opposed to that of the laboring classes, set out many facts and statistics, from which we extract the following :-] SUGAR CULTURE OF LOUISIANA-AGRICULTURAL PROSPECTS OF GEORGIA-SEA-ISLAND COTΤΟΝ OF FLORIDA-MONTGOMERY PLANTERS' CONVENTION-HISTORY OF THE COTTON GIN, ETC. 1st. There are no millionaires and few capitalists among sugar planters; the latter generally understand their own interest too well to embark in so uncertain and precarious a business. 2d. The interest of the sugar planter is not opposed to the interest of the laboring classes; on the contrary, as I shall, I think, be able to demonstrate. When I speak of capitalists, I mean men who wield cash capital. I do not pretend to say that there is no capital invested in sugar plantations. The aggregate capital is very large, consisting, first, of the plantations previously employed in the cultivation of rice and cotton, changed to the culture of sugarcane, for reasons hereinafter stated; second, of the steam-engines, sugarmills, kettles, &c., &c., necessary to manufacture the cane into sugar, chiefly obtained from Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and New-York, which, at a fair estimate, must have cost at least $16,500,000, nearly all originally borrowed, and a considerable portion of which yet remains unpaid. My friend [Mr. Meade] said that "in his opinion, for every dollar pocketed by the capitalist, about one cent goes into that of the laborer." Now, I beg leave to assure the gentleman and the House, that whatever may be the case in other branches of business, it will not apply to sugar planters in Louisiana; almost the very reverse is the fact, as I will show by a simple statement of facts. I am guardian to a minor who owns part of a sugar plantation in partnership with others. One of the owners, who manages the concerns of the partnership, is a capable, attentive, and discreet person. The accounts are settled annually, and dividends of the profits, if any, made on making the settlement. For the crop of 1851, it was found that nearly the whole net proceeds of the crop had been expended in procuring the necessary supplies for the plantation, leaving but about five cents in the dollar to the proprietors for their own attention, industry, and interest on the capital invested. The balance went to labor, about in the following proportion, viz.: twenty per cent. to the manager, sugar-boiler, engineer, carpenters, bricklayers, coopers, and other laborers; five per cent. to physicians and others; twenty per cent. for pork, flour, and other provisions, principally from the State of Ohio. The balance was paid for clothing, hats, shoes, axes, hoes, plows, &c., principally from the eastern states; sugar-kettles, gratebars, &c., as repairs, from Tennessee; hoop-poles from Kentucky; horses and mules from Missouri; wagons and carts from Wheeling, Virginia, &c.; together with the cost of transporting those supplies to the plantation. This, too, was exclusive of the freight, insurance, and charges on the sugar and molasses to market, deducted from the sales by the factors before rendering the accounts on which our settlement was made. The freight alone amounted to about $2,300, paid principally to vessels owned in the New-England states. It will be perceived by this statement that about twenty-five per cent. went to labor in Louisiana, and about seventy per cent. to labor in other states, over and above the freight and charges of the crop to market. It is true, that the season of 1851-52 was rather unprofitable; for, although the production was an average crop, the quality was inferior, and the prices low. Better results are anticipated from the crop of 1852. Upon the subject of the agricultural prospects of Georgia, we find a paper in the Savannah Republican which gives a very flattering view. The editor says: We had the pleasure, some days ago, of meeting an intelligent agriculturist from the North, now on a tour through the Southern States. He comes for the purpose of informing himself of the condition and prospects of southern agriculture, and not to meddle in any way with our institutions. A few years ago he visited England and Europe for a simi. lar object. The subjoined extract of a private letter from Columbus to a friend in this city, embodies some of his impressions in regard to Western Georgia: "Though the soil of Western Georgia, to a northern man, observing superficially, seems poor and unpromising, the stubble of the corn and other evidences best adapted for irrigation. I have little doubt that forage crops could be made in water-meadows in this soil and climate more profitable than cotton. Five tons of hay would be a small crop to expect from a water-meadow. It would not cost five dollars a ton to cut and make it. You now, in Savannah, send to the North and pay thirty dollars a ton for it.'" A pretty general acquaintance in the greater part of Georgia, leads us to believe that her agricultural prospects are been. The State Agricultural Society, better at this time than they have ever the many similar associations in the several counties, the introduction of rail-roads, and the general spirit of improvement in all departments of industry, have had a most beneficial influence. The lands in Georgia yield more now than ever heretofore-not that they are more productive, but on account of improved processes of culture which have been introduced. In the early settlement of the state, it was the custom of farmers to make the most they could time, and when they were exhausted, to out of their lands in the shortest possible this way, the lands were soon worn out, abandon them and go further west. In and Georgia became an old-looking state, before she had attained to her threescore years and ten. show it to be greatly productive, and that the crops of the last year at least were heavy and profitable. The roads, A more judicious system, however, which have been almost impassable has been adopted within the past fiffrom the heavy rains early in January, teen years. The lands thus exhausted are now nearly dry, and cotton is moving and abandoned have been bought up in rapidly to market. At least two hundred large quantities by wealthy planters, wagons must have entered Columbus who have the means to rest and improve to-day. The country is evidently prosthem. While cultivating the richer pering and improving. Every where I lands, they devote much of their attenobserve a great deal of land being clear- tion to restoring the poorer descriptions ed and preparing for the coming sea- and thus, within the past few years, son. A great many new houses, stables, and negro settlements are building, and I have seen several new churches in the woods. Extensive hill-side ditching and swamp draining is going on, and I have noticed guano in the returning cotton wagons. The country people with whom I have conversed, are the most busy, hopeful, and ambitious that I have seen at the South. lands which were abandoned as worthless, have been made to yield abundant crops. In the mean time, other improvements have been made. More substantial and elegant country residences have been put up; churches and schools have been multiplied, and the comforts and conveniences of life have been increased. In times past, the farmer was content "There is one agricultural operation with any kind of a house, so it afforded that will, I think, eventually add much him shelter from the weather. Now to the wealth of Georgia, which seems there is a disposition in many parts of not yet to have been thought of. There the state to build up homesteads, in the are frequent water courses, and the English sense of the word. He has ceased sandy soil is exactly of the character to turn his face to the west, and has come |