Internal Improvements. The views of the writer are sound, and have been frequently insisted upon by us in rail-road addresses, especially in an address at the Virginia Improvement Convention last summer. He says: 83 must be enlarged, within the next ten years, to a capacity which will admit boats to pass drawing six feet of water, with steam for a propelling power, and stowage for 2,000 bbls. of flour. Freight must be handled by steam, and transit expedited in all possible ways by water. Rail-ways will feed water routes with freight from the interior, the through lines carrying express freight of a light and costly character, and passengers. At least such are our conclusions from the foregoing promises. The great united Northern and Southern routes must always continue the great highways for the products of the interior, upon which they will be exchanged among the states, and the surplus finds its way to the seaboard. By them the Northeast and Southwest will be for ever united, while the numerous iron ways intersecting them at various points, will weld together all the various interests of the several states, in such a bond of union as will prove for ever inseparable." Louisville, if we may judge from the tone of her papers, expects to become the formidable rival of New-Orleans, and to carry off the palm in the contest for western trade. "In concluding this subject, the question naturally suggests itself: if such has been the progress of our inland commerce during the past thirty years, what is to be its future? If such results have followed the partial opening of the resources of the new states by water routes, what is to follow the perfect exhumation of the interior of all the states by means of the iron tracks which are to act as feeders to the great Northern and Southern water routes? The year 1860 will dawn upon an internal traffic in the United States va. lued at no less than $1,800,000,000, including lake, canal, river, and rail-way. And there will be but little rivalry between the different routes. They will work harmonionsly together, mutually assisting each other, and all will be fully occupied. The immense heavy products of the Southwest will continue to float down the Mississippi, to the Gulf of Mexico, in great profusion and increase. Much has been written and said of turning the tide of the Mississippi trade north. Above cerThe Courier, in particular, tain lines, where the distance is greatly thinks that Louisville will have the forin favor of the Northern route, some of warding of all the tobacco and all the cotthe present trade, and perhaps all the in- ton as far south as Memphis, and that Balcrease, will take the Northern route during timore will become the mart for these the season of navigation. But the increase products. The opinion is predicated upon of trade south of those lines which will a circular issued by Messrs. Webb, Rowbe induced by the opening of projected land & Co., of Louisville, to the following improvements, will far exceed the amount effect: diverted. The strife now exhibited in procuring means for diverting trade from existing routes will disappear, in the inability to carry off the augmentation. Suppose the Mississippi and the Northern water routes now to have a 'total movement' of 10,000,000 tons, which is probably not very wide of the mark, how many rail-ways like the Erie, Northern, and Baltimore and Ohio, will it take to carry the present tonnage. And how long will it take to construct them? It would require ten rail-ways, each, with double tracks stretching from Boston, New-York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, to New-Orleans, via the Mississippi valley and the Lake Basin, making at least 40,000 miles of track which would cost at least $600,000000, and take ten years to build. In the mean time, our commerce would have doubled twice, crowding both water and land routes to their full capacity. So this will not do. Our canals in New-York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, Sales "Pro Forma" Louisville. 100 bales cotton, 50,000 lbs. at 10c........$5,000 00 Charges. Freight from Tennessee River, Nashville, or Memphis.. Fire $100 per month, per ct. 25 Storage, labor, drayage, &c.. Commissions, 2% per ct... New Orleans proceeds deducted.. 50 125 325 00 Sales "Pro Forma" New-Orleans. 4,675 00 .4,550 00 125 00 100 bales of cotton, 50,000 lbs. at 10c......$5,000 00 Charges. Marine Insurance, 1 per ct... $200 50 per month per ct.. 25 Storage, labor, drayage, &c. Commissions, 2 per ct... 50 125 450 00 The above is to contrast the advantage of the Louisville and Baltimore, and Ohio rail-road route, over the old route, via New-Orleans; and we should add that the difference in time in favor of Louisville is about one month-one-half per cent. interest. Let us next show the dealers and manufacturers of western New-York, Pennsylvania, together with those of Baltimore, Philadelphia and New-England, upon what grounds we advocate Louisville as a cotton market, to draw a part at least of their supplies from; and in making this exhibit, the shipper to this market can see at the same time why this is to be his best "home market." We make a "pro forma" invoice of 100 bales purchased in Louisville and New-Orleans, at 10c., for account of, say a manufacturer in Baltimore: Invoice of 100 bales Cotton purchased in Louisville. 100 bales, 50,000 lbs. at 10c...... Drayage. Insurance to Baltimore % per ct. Difference in favor of Louisville.. Thus it will be seen that the northern or Baltimore manufacturer saves by buying here, in place of purchasing in NewOrleans, $223 95 on 100 bales, while at the same time the shipper obtains here $125 more on his 100 bales than he realizes in the great southern market. So decidedly does it appear to the interest of the Balti more consumer in future to look to this market for a large share of his wants, in this staple, and it is reasonable to say that he can afford to pay more here than in the market named, and here then is a further advantage to those who consign to this market. Further, let us see what advantage the foreign exporter of Baltimore and the European operator will have in tween the northern and southern seaboard, buying here at the half-way house, beover New-Orleans, at the same first cost. "Pro Forma" Invoice of 100 bales Cotton purchased in Louisville for account of Liverpool. 100 bales, weighing 50,000 lbs at 10c.. Drayage.. Discount on draft, 60 days on Baltimore, to Insurance to Liverpool, 1 per ct.. pay for same, 5,500 at 1 per ct.. Freight from Louisville to Baltimore c... Loss of interest from the day of purchasing in Louisville to the day of delivery in Liverpool, 40 days, is..... Drayage and shipping at Baltimore. Commission, purchasing and shipping, 50c. Freight from Baltimore to Liverpool at d or c....... In favor of buying at Louisville.............. $5,000 00 632 75.00 55.00 250 00 36 67 50.00 25.00 250 00 5,748 02 165 73 $5,000 00 625 31 25 55.00 2% per ct. 125 00 Loss in interest from the day of purchase to the day of delivery in Liverpool, 60 days.. 55 00 5,913 75 250 00 9 17 50 00 From the above table (and it is correct5,401 67 ly stated,) the party buying here for for223 95 eign account saves, on 100 bales, $165 73, 5,625 62 or about 3 per cent. Gallery of Industry and Enterprise. 85 ART. XIII-GALLERY OF INDUSTRY AND ENTERPRISE. MAUNSEL WHITE, MERCHANT, OF NEW-ORLEANS. With a Portrait. No. 26. THE name of Maunsel White has been familiar in New-Orleans during the whole period of its American history, and he has ever sustained the reputation of a good man, a useful citizen, an enterprising and irreproachable merchant. His commercial operations have indeed given him high position throughout the whole Valley of the Mississippi. Col. White arrived in this country from Ireland in early youth, and reached NewOrleans in 1801, when it was hardly more than a respectable village, and when only scattering settlements were to be found on the waters of the Ohio or the Mississippi as low down as Point Coupee. If we had the materials for a full biography, it would hardly be necessary in New-Orleans, where Col. White is so well known, to give it. He was at an early period member of council, and head of the Finance Committee, and in that capacity suggested the plan which has worked so well of making property contribute to the expense of paving the streets, and also a plan for protecting the city from inundations. Had the latter been adopted, our subsequent insecurity and losses would have been prevented. As head of the Finance Committee, Col. White was succeeded by our worthy citizen, Samuel J. Peters, to whom he pointed out treasury errors, which that gentleman with characteristic zeal investigated, exposing in the result some very serious defalcations. In 1846, Col. White was elected to the Senate from the Parish of Plaquemine, and served during four years, occupying prominent positions on the Committees of Finance and Commerce, and very frequently the Presidency, pro tem., of the body. He was appointed by Governor Johnson one of the administrators of the University, and has served ever since very faithfully and assiduously, donating liberally to the institution, as we have had occasion to mention before. During the invasion of Louisiana by the British, Col. White, at the head of one of the city volunteer companies, repaired to the standard of Gen. Jackson, and was present in most of the engagements which conferred so much honor upon that officer, and upon our gallant citizen soldiery. General Jackson, to the close of his life, remembered kindly, and often adverted to the services of Col. White, there having sprung up on the battlefield an acquaintance between them which ripened into a friendship long and uninterrupted. Perhaps one of the very last letters written by the old hero was to Col. White. Col. White married into the family of the late Gen. P. De La Ronde, who was also an intimate friend of Gen. Jackson. In all the purposes of public improvement and reform which for the past few years have been attracting so much attention in NewOrleans, no one was more enlightened and active than Col. White. As President of one of the Rail-road Conventions, and as Chairman of the Executive Committee afterwards, his course gave the most entire satisfaction, and was highly commended. Had not financial reverses come upon him at this juncture, his subscriptions to public improvements would have equaled that of any citizen of Louisiana.* He was an early and consistent advocate of the consolidation of the Municipalities, and supported the new Constitution of the State, as a measure indispensable to her prosperity, though requiring many amendments. The charities and good offices of Col. White have been numerous, and many there are who will treasure his memory long after his place shall have become void among us, It is not fitting to mention them here. Our worthy citizen has long experienced, and we hope long will, that— "What nothing earthly gives or can destroy, The soul's calm sunshine and the heartfelt joy, Is virtue's prize." * Col. White has again resumed commercial business. In a note which we received from him last summer, and from which we take the liberty of extracting. he says: "I am now working silently. and I think surely, to the accomplishment of my views, viz: the payment of all the debts due of the late firm, and the collection of the debts due to with the blessing of God. I made up my mind to them. Full of confidence in my own integrity, and bring everything I had under the hammer. The result is, that peace of mind which no merely worldwho published the suspension could do would be to ly prosperity could ever give." The least the papers publish the resumption also. ART. XIV.-EDITORIAL-LITERARY-MISCELLANEOUS, ETC. FAIR OF SOUTH CAROLINA INSTITUTE-HINT TO SUGAR PLANTERS-SLAVERY AND FANATICISMVIRGINIA RAIL-ROADS AND CANALS-POEM ON THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER-HEALTH OF NEW-ORLEANS AND CHARLESTON-YELLOW FEVER-OPERATIONS IN REMOVING THE OBSTRUCTIONS AT THE BAP OF CHARLESTON AND AT THE MOUTH OF THE MISSISSIPPI-NEW BOOKS, PAMPHLETS, ADDRESSES, ETC.-EDITORIAL NOTES, ETC. WE had the pleasure of attending, in November last, the great Fair of the South Carolina Institute, at Charleston, South Carolina. Many of the prominent gentlemen of that and the neighboring states were present, and the exhibition of agricultural and mechanical products was in the highest degree interesting and creditable. A special building was erected for the purposes of the exhibition, which for more than a week was crowded, night and day, with the intelligence, wealth and beauty of the city. But for the unhealthiness of the past season in Charleston, the attendance and exhibition would have been much larger. We cannot doubt that the most beneficial and permanent results will accrue from the action of the association. The list of articles on exhibition numbered about 300. We saw ladies' work, gins, manufactured cloths, carriages, cotton gins, paintings, guns, glass work, shell work, boots and shoes, hats, baskets, saddles, boats, stoves, stationery, paper, iron work, olive oil, rope, gunnery, rice, sugar, cotton, horses, colts, calves, pigs, dogs, sheep, steam-engines, &c., in great variety and of various excellence. The poultry exhibition was never equalled before in the southern country; and from its variety, rarity and extent, afforded delight to every one. During the fair, several regattas took place in the harbor, which were witnessed by tens of thousands of the citizens, who crowded every wharf and every window fronting upon the broad bay which stretches out from the battery. Charleston seemed, indeed, in her holiday clothes. So much life and excitement was hardly witnessed before. The annual address was delivered by Edwin Ruffin, Esq., of Virginia, a gentleman long and favorably known to the agricultural world. It was able and practical, and appears in another part of the present number of the Review. Mr. Soulé, of Louisiana, was also expected to take part, but business prevented his appearance, which was a serious disappointment to his thousands of friends and admirers. At the complimentary dinner given to Mr. Ruffin, speeches were delivered by that gentleman, and also by J. H. Couper, and Judge Whitsell of Georgia; Hon. R. F. W. Allston, Hon. Isaac E. Holmes, William Gregg, Professor Holmes, Mr. Pressly, Mr. Hart, Mr. Lawton of Charleston, and J. D. B. De Bow of Louisiana. The occasion was one of great hilarity, and will long live in our memory. Success to the noble movement which our friends in Carolina are making for the promotion of southern industry, and may its influences extend far and wide. We shall recur to the subject again. A friend in Louisiana has sent us the certificate of a sugar planter, of British Guiana, Isaac Henry, Esq., as to some matters of practical application there in regard to the sugar crop and sugar machinery, which he thinks may be of use to our planters. The character and standing of Mr. Henry, and his experience as a planter, are vouched for by the American consul resident in Guiana. The gentleman who sends us the certificate is prepared to execute orders for the machinery, dippers, &c., and to set the double batteries, flood-gates, &c. The certificate is as follows: "PLANTATION LA PENITANCE, County of Demerara, British Guiana, "16th Sept., 1852. a "By request of Mr. G. de Bretton, of Louisiana, I hereby certify that the double batteries in use on this plantation, as well as on most of the other sugar plantations in this country, possess several important advantages above the old mode of single batteries. In the first place, the two fires meeting under the other kettles, causes a much greater ebullition, and, consequently, greater evaporation. Secondly, There is a great saving of fuel and labor, as one set of kettles with double batteries will almost do the work of two sets with single batteries, in consequence, as above stated, of the fire from both batteries concentrating under the other kettles in the train. Thirdly, The cane juice being a shorter time exposed to the action of the fire, the sugar is, therefore, of a much fairer quality. "I must also certify as to the utility of the sugar dipper in use on this estate, as well as on all others throughout this country. In fact, they are indispensable, where double batteries are used, and is an invention of much importance, as they take off the whole |