or structures are so constructed as to open upward or outward by means of counter weights or other devices, so that such platforms shall furnish the full amount of vertical clearances specified in rule No. 1 at times when cars are being switched.

4. Except at passenger terminals and in coach yards where passenger cars only are handled, all awnings and canopies spanning any track or supported at the sides thereof where such track is in an open thoroughfare, must have full vertical clearance as provided for in rule No. 1. Canopies and awnings at freight houses adjoining a track not in an open thoroughfare may be constructed with a minimum vertical clearance of 15 feet 6 inches, provided such obstruction does not extend closer than 5 feet 6 inches from the center line of track. In every case where a canopy or awning at a freight house, the edge of which has a horizontal vertical clearance less than 22 feet, a warning sign shall be erected at some suitable place at each end of such canopy or awning, warning the train employees of the insufficient clearance, and prohibiting them from riding on the sides of cars while in motion.

5. Where tracks other than thoroughfare tracks serve engine houses, car shops, elevators, warehouses, coal and ore tipples, and industrial plants, vertical clearances less than 22 feet may be used, provided that in no case shall this vertical clearance be less than 17 feet for a distance of 4 feet from the center line of track. From a point 4 feet horizontally distant from the center line of track and 17 feet above the top rail, the clearance line may extend downward at an angle to a point which is 7 feet distant from the center line of track and 14 feet above the top of rail.

6. In all cases where overhead structures span tracks with a vertical clearance less than that provided for in rule No. 1, a rule must be issued by the railroad company prohibiting trainmen and other employees from occupying the tops of cars while in motion within certain prescribed territorial limits.

"Railroads"-Electric Type. 7. Rules 1 to 6 inclusive will apply to all roads handling freight equipment.

8. In the case of roads which do not handle freight equipment, and based on cars 9 feet in width and under, the vertical clearance shall not be less than 16 feet measured between the top of rail and the underside of any bridge or other structure, except in

cases where tracks enter car shops, car houses, warehouses, and similar structures, the vertical clearance of 16 feet may extend a distance of 4 feet from the center line of track. From a point 4 feet horizontally distant from the center line of track and 16 feet above the top of rail, the clearance line may extend downward at an angle to a point which is 6 feet distant from the center line of track and 14 feet above the top of rail.

"Street Railroads." 9. No bridge or other structure shall be constructed over the tracks of any road which has a vertical clearance less than 13 feet 6 inches, measured between the top of rail and the underside of any such bridge or structure spanning the track,

Horizontal Clearances.

"Railroads"-Steam Type. 10. Except as hereinafter provided, and at switch turn-outs, the distance from the center of any track to the center of an adjoining track shall not be less than 14 feet.

11. The distance from the center of any switching lead which lies adjacent and parallel to any other track (excepting a track of like character), where the switches are not operated mechanically, shall not be less than 18 feet from center to center of tracks. The distance from center to center of two adjacent switching leads shall not be less than 21 feet.

12. Any two tracks given up wholly to passenger service, lying adjacent and parallel to each other, and leading from the maintrack into a passenger terminal or coach yard, may be constructed with track centers less than 14 feet, provided the track centers on the opposite sides of any such pair of tracks are not less than 14 feet, or where the face of any building or other structure is not less than 8 feet 6 inches from the center of the adjacent track.

13. Any two adjoining freight tracks given up to freight loading and unloading purposes such as tracks at freight houses, private industries, team tracks, and like purposes, may be constructed with track centers less than 14 feet, provided the track centers on the opposite sides of any such pair of tracks are not less than 14 feet, or where the face of any building or other structure is not less than 8 feet 6 inches from the center of adjoining track; ovided also that it shall be permissible to construct on one side

of any such pair of tracks a high platform for loading and unloading freight at freight houses, not less than 5 feet 6 inches from the center of adjoining track as hereinafter specified.

14. Except as hereinafter or hereinbefore provided, no track shall be constructed adjacent to any building or other structure, nor shall any signal post, switch stand, building, or other structure be constructed adjacent to any track which has a horizontal clearance of less than 8 feet 6 inches from the center of track, measured at right angles thereto, it being understood that the horizontal clearance of 8 feet 6 inches shall be maintained in respect to buildings from the level of the top of the rail to a point on the vertical clearance line as herein established. The clearance line for structures other than buildings and low platforms shall extend from a point 4 feet above the top of rail, downward at an angle to a point 5 feet 6 inches distant from the center line of track to a point which is level with the top of rail.

15. Platforms for loading and unloading of freight including live stock, the tops of which are approximately level with the floor of freight cars, may be constructed adjacent to only one side of freight tracks which are not in an open thoroughfare at a distance less than 8 feet 6 inches from the center of track, but not less than 5 feet 6 inches therefrom; provided, that in every such case, warning signs shall be erected at a suitable location at each end of such platform, calling trainmen's attention to insufficient clearance, and prohibiting them from riding on the sides of cars while in motion.

16. Passenger loading platforms, the tops of which are level with the platform of passenger cars, may be constructed next to tracks which are given up wholly to passenger service, at a distance less than 8 feet 6 inches from the center line of such tracks, provided the passenger coaches are equipped with platform gates and kept closed while the train is in motion. Passenger loading platforms which do not exceed a height of 4 inches above the top of rail may be constructed a distance of not less than 4 feet 6 inches from the center line of track; and platforms which do not exceed a height of 8 inches above top of rail may be constructed a distance not less than 5 feet 1 inch from the center line of track. 17. The horizontal clearances specified herein shall not apply to mail cranes when the arms of same are in position to support

P.U.R.'15B.-10.

mail sacks for delivery to trains, provided the top arm of such mail crane when in position to support mail sacks for delivery is not above a point which is 6 inches below the lower sill of the engine cab window of the engine pulling train which is supposed to pick up mail sacks, if such arms when in position to support mail sacks encroach upon the horizontal clearance of 8 feet 6 inches from the center line of track.

"Railroads"-Electric Type. 18. Rules Nos. 9 to 16 inclusive will apply to all roads handling freight equipment. In the case of roads which do not handle freight equipment, and based on passenger cars 9 feet in width, the following rules shall apply:

19. Except as hereinafter provided, and at switch turn-outs, the distance from the center of any track to the center of any adjoining track shall not be less than 12 feet.

20. The distance from the center of any switching lead which lies adjacent and parallel to any other track (excepting a track of like character), where the switches are not operated mechanically, shall not be less than 16 feet from center to center of tracks. The distance from center to center of two adjacent switching leads shall not be less than 19 feet.

21. Any two tracks given up wholly to passenger service, lying adjacent and parallel to each other, and leading from the main track into a passenger terminal or coach yard, may be constructed with track centers less than 12 feet, provided the track centers on the opposite sides of any such pair of tracks are not less than 12 feet, or where the face of any building or other structure is not less than 75 feet from the center of the adjacent track.

22. Any two adjoining tracks given up to loading and unloading freight from cars of the passenger or express type, at freight houses, private industries, team tracks, and similar places, may be constructed with track centers less than 12 feet, provided the track centers on the opposite sides of any such pair of tracks are not less than 12 feet, or where the face of any building or other structure is not less than 7 feet from the center of adjoining track; provided, also, that it shall be permissible to construct on one side of any such pair of tracks a high platform for loading and unloading freight at freight houses, not less than 5 feet 6 inches from the center of adjoining track as hereinafter specified.

23. Except as hereinafter or hereinbefore provided, no track

shall be constructed adjacent to any building or other structure, nor shall any signal post, switch stand, building, or other structure be constructed adjacent to any track which has a horizontal clearance of less than 7 feet from the center of track, measured at right angles thereto, it being understood that the horizontal clearance of 7 feet shall be maintained in respect to buildings from the level of the top of the rail to a point on the vertical clearance line as herein established. The clearance line for structures other than buildings and low platforms shall extend from a point 2 feet 8 inches above the level of the top of rail, downward at an angle to a point 5 feet and 6 inches distant from the center line of track at a point level with the top of rail.

24. Platforms for loading and unloading of freight and express matter into or from cars of the passenger or express type, the tops of which are approximately level with the floors of the cars, may be constructed adjacent to only one side of a track which is not in an open thoroughfare, at a distance less than 7 feet 6 inches from the center of track. When such platforms are constructed with a clearance less than 7 feet 6 inches, the horizontal clearance shall not be less than 4 feet 9 inches nor more than 5 feet from center of track, provided that in every such case warning signs shall be erected at a suitable location at each end of such platform, calling trainmen's attention to insufficient clearance and prohibiting them from riding on the sides of cars while in motion.

25. Passenger loading platforms, the tops of which are level with the platform of passenger cars, may be constructed adjacent to tracks at a distance less than 7 feet 6 inches from the center line of such tracks, provided the passenger coaches are equipped with platform gates and kept closed while the train is in motion. Passenger loading platforms which do not exceed a height of 4 inches above the top of rail may be constructed a distance of not less than 4 feet 6 inches from the center line of track; and platforms which do not exceed a height of 8 inches above the top of rail may be constructed a distance of not less than 5 feet 1 inch from the center line of track.

26. Canopies at passenger stations and terminals may be erect ed, the edges of which have a clearance less than 7 feet 6 inches