[Italian Boundaries.]

other Parmesan territories contemplated in this Treaty would remain to the Sovereign of Parma, His Royal Highness the Duke of Modena would come into possession of Pietrasanta and Barga, and His Imperial and Royal Highness the Grand Duke of Tuscany would retain the Vicariats of Pontremoli and Bagnone.

The present Separate and Secret Article shall have the same force and value as if it were written word for word in the Treaty of this day; it shall be ratified, and the Ratifications shall be exchanged at the same time with those of the above Treaty.

In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed it, and have affixed to it the Seals of their Arms.

Done in Florence, the 28th of November, in the year of Grace, 1844.

(L.S.) CAV. VACCANI DI FORT” OLIVO. (L.S.) A. RAFFAELLI.

(L.S.) G. FORNI.

(L.S.) CARREGA.
(L.S.) N. CORSINI.

A. The Duke of Tuscany receives the former Duchy of Lucca & the Modenese Townships of Barga & Pietrasanta

MAP

LUCCA, TUSCANY

& MODENA.

[Cracow.]

No. 201.-CONVENTION between Austria, Prussia, and Russia, uniting the Free City of Cracow to the Austrian Monarchy. Signed at Cracow, 6th November, 1846.*

(Translation as laid before Parliament.†)

THE Lieutenant Field-Marshal Count Castiglione, President of the Provisional Government of the Free City of Cracow, in the name of the 3 Protecting Powers, Austria, Prussia, and Russia, causes it to be known, in the name and by the authority of those Powers, that they have concluded and signed at Vienna, the 6th of the present month, a Convention, of which the following is the

tenor:

The 3 Courts of Austria, Prussia, and Russia,

Considering, that the Conspiracy which in the month of February, 1846, produced the well-known events in the Grand Duchy of Posen, in Cracow, and in Gallicia, was organized in places at a distance from the Country in which it was supported by numerous accomplices;

Considering, that the criminal faction took up arms at the hour appointed, committed hostilities, and published proclamations exciting to general revolt;

Considering, that Cracow became the seat of a central authority calling itself the Revolutionary Government, and that the acts which emanated from that authority were intended to direct the insurrection;

Considering, that all these combined circumstances have constituted, on the part of the State of Cracow, a real State of War, which would have authorised the Courts of Austria, of Prussia, and of Russia, to avail themselves of all the rights given by War;

Considering, that on this ground alone they would have the right to dispose of a Territory which has taken an hostile attitude towards them;

Considering, that there is no question for the 3 Powers of

The British Government protested against this Act, on the 23rd November, 1846; the French Government also protested against it on the 3rd December, 1846.

† For French version, see

State Papers," vol. xxxv, p. 1088.

[Cracow.]

causing the City of Cracow to submit to the Law of the Strongest, inasmuch as that law cannot be applicable where so great a disparity exists;

Considering, that there is, moreover, as little question of exercising towards Cracow an act of vengeance, or of inflicting a punishment; but that the High Protecting Powers desire only to restore order and peace to the Territory of Cracow, and that they have no other object but that of guarding their subjects against the recurrence of events which have so deeply compromised their tranquillity;

3rd May,

Considering, moreover, that by the Treaty concluded between them, the 21st April, 1815 (No. 14), the City of Cracow, with its Territory, was declared a Free and Independent and strictly Neutral City under the Protection of the 3 High Contracting Parties;

Considering, that by this Stipulation the 3 Courts were desirous of giving effect to the Article relating to the City of 21st April, 1815 Cracow, in their respective Treaties concluded the 3rd May, (Nos. 12, 13, 14), the one between His Majesty the Emperor of Austria and His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias, the other concluded on the same date between His Majesty the Emperor of All the Russias and the King of Prussia;

Considering, that the existence of the Free City of Cracow, far from being in conformity with their intentions, has on the contrary been a source of disturbance and disorders, which during nearly 20 years not only compromised the peace and prosperity of this Free City, and the security of the adjoining Provinces, but, moreover, tended to overthrow the order of things established by the Treaties of 1815;

Considering, that numerous facts of this nature, the notoriety of which renders enumeration superfluous, have completely altered the nature of the existence of the Free City of Cracow; that by acts contrary to the tenor of Treaties, Cracow has on several occasions freed herself from the obligations which the condition of strict Neutrality imposed upon her; that these acts have on several occasions led to the Armed Intervention of the 3 Powers; that all the modifications introduced into the internal Constitution for the purpose of giving to its Government more power, have not sufficed to prevent the recurrence of these deplorable facts;