we have sometimes quoted, we shall endeavour to present to him, in the next volume, such view of the individual or separate states, comprised in this vast confederacy, and from the latest and most authentic records, as, we hope, will complete whatever of information may be necessary in directing his course to the American shore, and in making his way through whatever of impediment or difficulty may meet him on his arrival, and in his future progress through the country. The rapidity of transition appertaining to every thing of American name and character, which changes, with every returning season, the entire features of a country, and converts the uncleared wastes of former centuries into flourishing and profitable farms—the distant and unpretending village of to-day into a thriving and populous city on tomorrow, would counsel the emigrant to still add to his store of information as he goes along, and to everywhere seek the latest statistical and other information, in maturing his judgment and directing his mind to a more comprehensive estimate of the country, of the character and habits of a people among whom he has embarked his fortunes-whom he proposes to settle and live amongst for the residue of his life. CHAPTER III. The States comprised within the Republic, 1783-Boundary of the United States-Extent of territory-Lands ceded to the general government-Population under five enumerations— General features of the country-State of Maine - Its boundary and extent-Rivers-Face of the country-Productions Divisional line or boundary between this State and the British possessions-Climate-Commerce-General exports - Manufactures-Internal communication-Banks-Early history and constitution-Population, revenue, and expenditure - New Hampshire Boundary, extent, and population-Principal rivers and face of the country-Its soil and productionsObjects of curiosity - Cheap mode of clearing landClimate-Manufactures-Amount of tonnage-Banks-Internal improvements-Early settlement and present constitution --Salaries of public officers-Items of general expenditureVermont-Boundary and extent-Principal rivers-Lakes and mountains-Cave of Tinmouth-Climate- Exports and imports-Early settlement and present constitution-Salaries of public officers-Population, and how employed. - THE States comprised within the American Republic, on the close of the revolutionary war in 1783, were the following: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, being about 1250 miles in length, and 1040 in breadth; reaching from 31° to 49° N., and from 51° to 84° W. from Greenwich. This area has been computed to contain one million of square miles, comprehending 640 millions of acres, of which fifty-one millions were supposed to be water, or about 2-25ths of the entire. The land, therefore, within the United States, at the time of their separation from the parent country, according to this estimate, amounted to 589 millions of acres, about 3-5ths of which is comprised in the thirteen original States; the remaining 220 millions, which lie west of the northern and middle states, and north-west of the river Ohio, extending to the Mississippi River, with an extensive region south of the Ohio, originally ceded to the union by North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia, were intended by Congress to be divided into ten new states, to be called Washington, Mesopotamial, Pesilippi, Michigania, Illinoia, Chersonesus, Saratoga, Sylvania, Assenipi, and Pelopotamia: an arrangement, that, for reasons which have not transpired, has been altered to the present adaptation into which a large portion of this territory has since been divided. According to recent geographical estimate of the territory comprised within the Republic, exclusive of the lately acquired province of Texas, the United States, embracing the middle division of North America, is stated by American writers to extend from the Atlantic ocean on the east, to the Pacific on the west; and which accords with the present demands of its Government, claiming a jurisdiction to the westward beyond the limit of the Rocky Mountains, extending from the 42nd to the 54th parallel of latitude. Its extreme length from the Pacific Ocean to Passamaquoddy Bay is considered at about VOL. III. F 3000 miles; its greatest breadth from the southern point of Florida to the Lake of the Woods is estimated to be 1,700 miles. Large tracts of territory have been ceded from time to time by the Aborigines or Indian tribes inhabiting the remote districts of the western country, to the United States Government, which, with the lands ceded by the separate states, have formed the national domain, and are sold to the early settlers locating n these districts. The population of the United States, according to the several enumerations, amounted in 1790, to 3,929,827; in 1820, to 9,638,131; 5,305,925; 1800, 17,063,553; 1810, 1,191,364; 1840, 2,487,355; North America, according to Davenport, is traversed by two great chains and several minor ranges of mountains. The Appalachian, or Alleghany Mountains, extend through the United States from N. E. to S. W. from the state of New York to Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi, with a mean width of about 50 miles. Several detached ranges, or groups rise N. E. off the Hudson, and S. E. off the Saint Lawrence. The Masserne or Ozark Mountains extend from the centre of the State of Missouri towards Texas, in a direction nearly parallel to the Appalachian chain. The length of the Appalachian is about 900 miles, with a mean elevation of from 1,200 to 2,000 feet. The extent of the Masserne chain, is not very accurately known, but must exceed 600 miles; its mean height cannot, in the present state of geographical knowledge, be estimated with any proximate degree of accuracy. The great spine of North America is the Chippewan, Rocky, or as it is termed in Mexico, that of Anahuac. This immense chain reaches from the peninsula of Tehuantepec, N. lat. 16°, to the Frozen Ocean at N. lat. 68°, or through upwards of 50 degrees of latitude; encircling nearly one-seventh part of the globe. In neither the Appalachian, nor Masserne chains, nor in any of their neighbouring groups, have any active or extinct volcanoes been discovered; but in the southern part of the great central chain, an immense range of volcanoes or volcanic summits rise to from 10,000, to 17,700 feet. We shall limit our observations on the United States generally, and proceed to a topographical account, descriptive of each State in rotation, and which we have taken from the most authentic sources within our reach, commencing with the State of MAINE. The State of Maine is the most north-eastern of any comprising the Union. Is bounded N. W. and N. by the British possessions of Lower Canada ; East, by New Brunswick; S. by the Atlantic, and W. by New Hampshire. It lies between 43, and |