And to be of perpetual obligation on the said state, (in faith whereof, this resolution is passed by congress), that no laws shall ever be enacted by the said state, impairing or contravening the rights, privileges, or immunities, secured to citizens of other states, by the constitution of the U. States: And provided further, That the legislature, acting under the constitution already adopted in Missouri as a state, shall, as a convention, (for which purpose the consent of congress is hereby granted), declare their assent, by a public act, to the said condition before the next session of congress, and transmit to congress an attested copy of such act, by the first day of the said session.

sume.

Messrs. Floyd and Cobb spoke against both amend ments-Mr. Ross was opposed to the resolution of the senate in any probable shape that it would asMr. Rhea desired the naked question, and moved that the committee should rise--negatived. Mr. Clay, then, after an earnest appeal to all parts of the house to bring to the future discussion of this subject minds prepared to harmonize, and forever settle this distracting question to mutual satisfaction, and expressing his desire more fully to examine Mr. Storr's proposition, to see whether he could bring his mind to assent to it, as he wished to do--moved, that the committee now rise, in order to have the several propositions for amendment printed. This motion was agreed to. Thursday was fixed upon for a general discussion of the subject. A further amendment, offered by Mr. Cobb, was ordered to be printed--and after some time spent on matters of lesser interest, the house adjourned. Wednesday, Jan. 31. A great deal of minor business being variously disposed of

CHRONICLE.

Died, in Frederick county, Maryland, on the 25th ult. Thomas Hawkins, esq. in the 74th year of his age,- -a soldier the revolution, and one of the best and most venerabe of the citizens of Maryland: a friend of his country, the poor man's stayhumanity's advocate.

in Jonesborough, Ten on the 4th Dec. last, Elihu Embree, editor of the "Emancipator." He was a man of a very strong mind, nd one of the most enterprizing citizens of the state

Baltimore. The aggregate amount receipts into the city treasury for the year 1820, inluding a loan of $3000, amounted to $199,014 98, and the payments therefrom to the sum of 192,900 Of the receipts, 18,948 66 were derived from auċtion duties and 17,875 from licenses-of the pay. ments 21,328 96 were on account of interest on the city stock, and 12,000 to commissioners of the sinking fund for reducing the debt.

Methodists in the United States-the returns for 1820 shew an aggregate number of members of 260,290, and an increase for the year of 19,366.

Crimes. The account of some of the proceedings in cur courts of justice bear too close a resem-. blance to such things in England. We very much doubt the propriety of publishing those matters. It would be better if such as commit them were sent to the penitentiary, and therein lost to society, without a history of their misdeeds.

VACCINATION. Whilst doubts are expressed in England, says a London paper, as to the efficacy of vaccination in preventing the small pox infection, we consider it of consequence, and we are anxious, to lay before our readers an extract of a letter with Mr. S. Moore submitted the following, which he which we have been obligingly favored, respectwished to propose as an amendment to the resolu-ing the practice of vaccination, and its efficacy, in tion respecting Missouri: China. The extensive practice of Mr. Pearson at "Strike out the proviso attached to the resolu-Canton, and of Mr. Livingstone at Macao, for these tion from the senate, and in lieu thereof insert the following, viz:

"Provided, That the following resolutions be taken as fundamental conditions and terms upon which the said state is incorporated into the union, viz: That the fourth clause of the twenty-sixth section of third article of the constitution, submitted by the people of Missouri to the consideration of congress, shall, as soon as the provisions of said constitution will admit, be expunged or so amend. ed, that it shall not be applicable to citizens of any state in this union: And that, until so expunged or amended, no law, passed in conformity thereto, shall be construed to extend to any citizen of either

state in this union."

This amendment was ordered to be printed. The bill to incorporate the Columbian college, in the district of Columbia, was taken up and discussed at length-It ultimately passed, 79 to 60. THURSDAY'S PROCEEDINGS.

ten years past, in a country where the small pox makes greater ravages than perhaps in any other, ought to have some weight with those who are still actuated by prejudice against what has been a greater preventive from the danger of small pox than any remedy or preventive against any other disease:

Extract of a letter from John Livingstone, esq. one of the hon. company's surgeons in China, dated Macao, 25th of March, 1820, to Joseph Hume, esq.

M. P.

"I am quite astonished to observe in my letters, and in the periodical publications, that the vaccine question is still keenly agitated. It is surely, like many other questions which I need not mention to you, a humiliating lesson to the lords of creation. We have no doubts here. I sometimes vaccinate 500 a week, and, for the last ten years, may set up a claim to an experience on the subject, which, when compared with that of your noisy any angry disputants, would place theirs as nothing: yet no

The late arrival of the mail, and as the proceedings of congress were inconclusive on any great sub-failure has occurred in my practice. Mr. Pearson* ject, induces us to postpone the usual detail, and has been still more extensively engaged than mysimply say that the senate was chiefly engaged in self, and has been equally successful; yet you know discussing the bill for the relief of the purchasers that the small pox rages in China every springof the public lands, and the house in debating about sometimes with extreme virulence. .I have often Missouri. Mr. Foot's amendment was negatived, seen it in its worst forms in the midst of my after it had been amended. here was an ani- vaccinated patients, in the same house, and in the mated discussion, but nothing of a decisive charac-same bed; yet no failure has occurred, not even a ter transacted. Mr. Sergeant's wish is to lay over variolated appearance." the whole business to the next congress. The matter acquires additional interest, but no idea is expressed of the manner in which it will terminate.pany's factory at Canton.

Mr. Pearson is the head surgeon at the com

PRINTED BY WILLIAM OGDEX NILES, AT THE FRANKLIN PRESS, WATER-STREET, EAST OF SOUTH STREET.

NEW SERIES. No. 24—VOL. VII.} BALTIMORE, FEB. 10, 1821. [No. 24-VoL. XIX. WHOLE No. 492

THE FAST-THE PRESENT FOR THE FUTURE.

EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY H. KILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PATABLE IN ADVANCE,

"DESULTORI REMARKS." We have felt an unfeign-[tatives, praying that the tariff may be so modified, as ed diffidence in appropriating so much of the pre to afford complete protection and encouragement sent sheet to our own observations and opinions un- to manufactures; likewise a report of the commisder this head, when fifties of documents, &c. are tee on agriculture, of the same house, "on the mewaiting an insertion. But some of our readers are morial of the united agricultural societies of sundry pleased with such free articles-and others, per counties in the state of Virginia," read on the 2nd haps, occasionally desire them to relieve the dull inst. and referred to a committee of the whole;-a record to which this work is so much devoted.-And, long paper and probably an able one: it concludes if the matters discussed should be discussed at all, with a resolution that the bill to regulate duties on this seems the proper time for it. We have endea-imports, and for other purposes, reported by the voured to amuse as well as to instruct, and only ask committee on manufactures, is incompatible with that our opinions may be tested by the truth, as it the intérests of agriculture, and of the community comes home to the heart of every reflecting man. generally, and ought not to be adopted. We inWe have spoken freely, but we trust not rudely, tend also to publish this article. and surety broncotly, but have made a severe attack on the reader's patience by the length of our article.

The party opposed to Gov. Clinton, in New-York, have produced several affidavits to lessen the force of, or do away, certain of the facts supported in the documents which accompanied his fate message. But, as we have not published these documents, we shall not further notice the opposing statements The legislature will, probably, act on the case, and their proceedings shall be recorded.

a

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BANKS. Among the mass of papers that we would publish, is a long report of a committee of the senate of Pennsylvania, on a renewal of the bank charters. It is a highly interesting document, and discusses the subject much in detail. It concludes with a resolve "that it is inexpedient to renew the charter of any bank in that coinmonwealth," unless under certain and severe restrictions to raake them act honestly.

Several other very able reports have been laid before that legislature, among them, is one on the penitentiary system, and another on internal inprovements.

"THE REAL STATE OF THE TREASURY.' "We are not yet prepared to analyze the treasury report, and the more we look into the statements presented, the less we seem able to understand the matter.

THE COMMITTEE OF MANUFACTURES, of the house of representatives of the United States, have made report "on the various memorials referred to them, praying for and remonstrating against, an increase of duties on imports." It makes a heavy pamphlet of eighty-three pages, apparently intended to sift the whole business to its bottom, and certainly contains as much information on the subject at large, as The president, in his late message on opening ever was presented to the public in the same space. the session, gave a flattering view of the state of After the rise of congress, when our pages are re-the finances--saying that, on the 30th of September, lieved of the details of its proceedings, we intend there was left in the treasury a sum estimated at to publish this among other documents which have $1,950,000-as if we then had so much a-head. The been laid over for a season of more leisure. secretary, in his annual report, tells us that, on the

The "Aurora" speaks of this report in the follow-1st day of January (three months after) there would ing terms:be a balance against the treasury of $2,638,169*— "It is a maxim founded on all experience, that which, being added together, made a difference of great emergencies are required to develope extra-more than four millions and a half in the prospect ordinary talents. The man who, in a season undis-of things. In our last paper, we noticed the manner turbed and tranquil, would pass over the smooth, in which the wise men at Washington were troubunruffled surface of human society, would, when led about it; and, since then, we have another eswrought upon by critical occasions, unfold faculties say on the subject, also written with talent, whose and display powers, such as would command admi-statements differ somewhat from all others; but connation, and merit honor and gratitude from his coun- clude with expressing a wish that the loan, should try, and by the mere impulse of occasion, place be "liberal"--meaning, we presume, that it should himself among the nobles of nature, and the objects amount to seven millions. Yet, it seems, that the of historical reverence and respect. We have be- committee of ways and means have reported a defifore us an example of this kind, in a report, pre- ciency, (after deducting certain retrenchments), sented by the committee of manufactures, to con- of only $3,079,094, to be provided for by loans, gress on the 15th ultimo; a state paper, which, who-But these calculations, judging from the past, may ever may be the author, renders honor to the genius not be correct. On the 14th of April, 1820, the and the character of this nation; compensating by same committee reported, that the “actual deficit” his talents, in some measure, for the deficiencies in the operations of the treasury for that year, by which he has been surrounded, and pointing would amount only to $1,485,001; they reported a with the finger of intellectual wisdom, at the causes bill to borrow two millions and opposed an increase of the evils by which this republic has been reduced of the amount, though advocated by one of their own to its present state of calamity, and, like the re-body. Three millions were borrowed, and there deeming angel, pointing out the only path to na

tional salvation."

*In the supplementary report, the balance against

We have also a copy of a long and able "me- the treasury, on the 1st of January, 1821, is estimat morial of the citizens of Hampshire county, Virgi-ed at 4,204,464, which presents the matter in a more nia," published by order of the house of represen-[ unpleasant light. -26.

VOL. XIX.

Σ

was a deficit afterwards of 2,638,169;-besides this, they lose their reputation; if they investigate deepthe Louisiana debt, calculated to be paid by thely, they consume much precious time, which might committee, was not paid, and the aggregate difbe usefully devoted to other purposes-and, after ferences between their estimates and the facts, re. that, to have their essays "laid upon the table," sulted in an amount, against the treasury, equal to until they are totally forgotten, is a public injury 6,369,630 dollars-or one-fourth of the whole of its as well as a private wrong. There is some restricmoney transactions. It is really extraordinary that tion, on the passage of votes of enquiry by the new these things should be so badly understood--there rules of the house of representatives, by which must be some cause for it which should be sought said motions must lie on the table one day: but the after and removed. The subject is unpleasant, and prudent members, before the vote is taken on such we wish to say no more about it than to excite en-subjects, should ask, what good can be derived from quiry. the information requested, when it is received, and how shall we apply it?-recollecting that to obtain it will cost much time and much money.

But, if we make the actual deficit, on the 1st of We confess that we do not individually approve January, 1821, $4,204,464, as stated in the supple-of all that certain persons seem to wish might be mentary report, the difference between the calculations and the facts for the last year, will amount to nearly eight millions of dollars-7,935,425!

tlemen-and, if an adherence to it constitutes a "radical," we belong to the order. But we will not accept of that name, unless the opposite party will consent to be called Castlereaghites. The latter, as a term of reproach, just as well belongs to them as the other does to us. However, we will compro mise the matter, and, if we must have some petit cant designation, suppose they call us debt-payers—my. The time was, when a British order in council and we will leave to them the extremely fashionable term of bankrupts; or, to accommodate, and give them the semblance of the English phrase which they are so fond of, they may say that we are originals-in reference to the original principle of the old republicans, who denied that a public debt was a public blessing.

We

stances seem to render it necessary that I should speak of myself and my motives--for these are pe culiar times. The people, from some cause or another, have unaccountably lost that spirit of vigi lance with which they used to regard public men and affairs: and, when a person attempts to disturb their repose, he is too often looked upon as an eneor a French decree, would have excited more feeling than the derangement of the army, the destruction of the navy, or the borrowing of twenty mil A little lions of dollars, would now give rise to. while ago, what a clamor had we, because of the famous compensation law of congress--but now, a reduction of the pay of the members, though really When a government, like that of England, for more suited to the state of the times than it was example, is so far sunk in corruption that the peo. then, is just whispered and passed over as of no ple render obedience to the law only at the point importance whatever! If this repose was the result of the sword, or from superstitious notions in be-of contentment and the quiet of prosperity, we lieving that the ALMIGHTY condescends to use espe- should be among the last of men that would attempt cial means to give generation to princes and no- to interrupt it: but it is the repose of despondency bles;-those who hold the power of the governor the result of despair-and withont cause. ment, or teach men to blaspheme their CREATOR, have many times said, that we preferred even the may well chime in with the cry that "a national licentiousness of freedom to the calm of depotism debt is a national blessing," because it enlists the--not with reference to a despotism prevailing in basest of passions on their side; or proclaim that the United States, but in regard to the condition certain bishops and priests, whose distended cheeks which the hopelessness of a change for the better rest on their shoulders, and whose faces are like places any people in. Liberty, wild as the mounfull moons, are emblems of a mortification of the tain roe, unrestrained by the courtesies and rights flesh for the good of their souls!! These are of life, and even disregarding her own great maxcalled spiritual fathers, on which we might make ims by becoming intollerant and cruel, will always an irreverential pun. But things with us are settle down in improvement. Witness the revolu. differently constituted-our government is pre- tion in France, wherein base men "sported" with sumed to be the choice of the people-it is ad-liberty, and used her name as a cabalistic word to mitted, that they may rightfully change it at their own discretion, and acknowledged, that public opinion is the stay and strength of every administra. tion of it. Hence, any method resorted to in regal governments, to divide and distract the people, dissipate their power or render them fools, is tho. roughly "legitimate"-though all such things are treasonable in the United States. Every republican, call him by what name you may, indignantly rejects the idea that any person should be invested with authority and retain power or office, in opposition to the public will, or use any means for either, except such as will "bear the light," being just and virtuous-though all do not act up to this principle! Bribery of members of parliament is broadly Justified in Britain, and pensioners of the king are talked of as representatives of the people-but a person would be blasted by the mere hisses of the community here, if he were openly to advocate these, as applicable to our condition. So that what is sound doctrine where knaves rule and instruct, is rank heresy where a people think. And we deprecate a national debt, in a political sense, just as much as we hate a national church in a religious one. The former is no more needful to the support of an honest government, than the other is necessary to sustain the CHRISTIAN faith. An upright heart comes from GOD as much as a sense of religious duty-and neither requires the support of drunken idiot kings or cheating priests. The doctrine of Thibet, that the Grand Lama never dies, is not one whit more absurd than other notions held by enlightened men, about the sanctity of kings and authority of bishops and councils over the con science. These are strong expressions- some may think them rude, perhaps, and others reckon them irreligious-BUT THEY ARE THE TRUTH: and the period is coming when things shall be called by their right names.

Before I proceed any further, peculiar circum.

cause rivers of human blood to flow over moun tains of human misery. But in indifference there is no hope of benefit: the holy spark of native inde. pendence, implanted by the CRRATOR in the mind of man, perishes in his bosom, or only gives a flitting light, like an expiring lamp, to make the darkness visible. The senseless Turk, seated in the midst of the ruins of illustrious Greece, smokes his pipe heedless, while, perhaps, the descendants of Socrates and Leonidas, Piato or Epaminondas, humbly approach and fearfully touch the hem of his garment. In proud Rome, too, once teeming with busy millions of freemen, there is the silence of the grave. The forum from whence a Brutus has called upon the sacred name of liberty, may be the home of bats and beetles; and snakes and scorpions engender where a Cato lived to honor and to bless mankind. The hand of violence prostrated freedom in these countries, and the people, lost to vir tue, because without hope, have gradually degenerated, as it were, into two-legged animals, made after the image of GoD, but seemingly divested of the immortal spirit which He gave to the clay. In some cases, however, this state of things was brought about by the people themselves. There was an ancient city, wherein cocks were not allowed to be kept, because by their crowing they might dis turb the slumbers of its inhabitants; and that city was destroyed:---and, in other places, once famed for arts and arms, the people, resting on the glory of their ancestors or on their own former prowess, relieved themselves of the trouble of thinking, and were converted into herds of slaves.

That venerable sage and profound historian, John Dickinson, oftentimes honored me with short, but instructive conversations, when my mind, such as it is, wa measurably ripening; and it is probable that some of my habits of thinking are derived from him. He abruptly asked me one day, what thought of Julius Cæsar compared with Augustus,

I

as the destroyer of Roman liberty. I replied, say, that there is now less toleration in the United that I was not sufficiently informed to decide; when States than there was twenty years ago! Yet, perhe imperatively said, "read." Curiosity was ex- haps, the assertion might be negatively maintained, cited, and I immediately looked into the history of if not affirmatively supported, on the broad ground these men. I found many things to admire in the that, as some use less of the liberty of thought for character of Julius-his clemency and his valor ele-themselves, they are the less disposed to allow it to vated him to the highest pitch of character, but he others! It it is po matter that the old contests be"passed the Rubicon" in defiance of the law, and tween the Democrats and Federalists seem generally overturned the liberties of Rome. Augustus final to have ended; and that in congress, and certain of ly succeeded to a full possession of the powers the state legislatures, some of one of the former which Julius partially held or ultimately aimed at party designations act with persons of the other. -he patronized the arts and encouraged the sci- This does not, in my opinion, at all arise from a ences, and was praised for his virtues in liberal want of the original principles on which these great poetry and solenin prose-and I thought that he parties were formed; but from listlessness, tempowas a great and good man, and the friend rather rizing-or a seeking after places and power. A than an enemy of Rome. After some days, or few, of either, still think, and tenderly regard their weeks, Mr. Dickinson kindly repeated the question former maxims as rules of right but these are given as above, and received my answer according not the most active and influential 'men. They to my reasoning on the things just stated. "Such command respect and receive it—but cannot use it is the error," said he, "of most young men-but I tell to beneficial purposes-because the people are unthee, though Julius Cæsar forged the chains for the willing to bear "strong meat;" because they will be Roman people, it was the scoundrel Augustus that ri-fed with milk: because, like the inhabitants of the vetted them." This is exactly the substance, if not city above referred to, they do not wish to be dischiefly the very words, of his strong remark-and, turbed from their slumbers that they may see the though I bowed to him as to an oracle, and as such, light. But they must be disturbed or liberty will perhaps, received his opinion, a number of years be destroyed: not immediately, perhaps, but before passed over my head before I saw the reason of it many years. and then I found out the danger of indifference and fatal effect of apathy in a people; which I have since regarded as more fearful to a republic than an invading "army with banners." and I was cautioned to respect the imposing declaration, "that vigilance is the condition on which liberty is granted

to man."

A little further by way of explanation, and I shall return from my digression to the subject left

-if I can find it! No article is inserted in this paper with electioneering views-it makes no odds to the editor who is in or who is out, and he has learned to discriminate between men and actions. He is not united with, or opposed to, any set of persons It has for some time appeared to me, that my as a party, and does not care a straw "what Mrs. country was in danger of losing its liberty-not by Grundy says." As one of that nation said, "whose usurpations of power in the executive, or false le-heads are often wrong, but hearts always right,” he gislation in the representatives of the people, is in a "gang by himself"--owing much to the public, though some things have happened, in both branch but nothing to party in his business. That indies, which were unfortunate-but from the growing vidually, he was friendly to the election and reheedlessness of our citizens to a consideration of election of Mr. Monroe-but has not made up his their own affairs, and the consequent assumptions own mind as to the person that he would vote for of designing persons to think for them. Instance, to succeed him. On account of the state of our some things managed by what are called caucusses, country as just above represented, it seemed neand the patient waiting of the people to form an cessary that these things should be stated at this opinion, until its pitch is struck by leading politi-time-because whatever partakes of old fashioned cians. The tone thus given is generally accepted watchfulness, is construed by the sycophantic or inwithout examination;† after a little while we begin different into an opposition to men, no matter what to think it is principle, and are led to doubt the political sanity of any man who is pleased to judge for himself. It might seem a bold assertion, and would startle many for its magnitude, if I were to

"Passing the Rubicon." It may be useful to the young reader to mention, that the Rubicon was a stream of water, which no one, in hostile array, could pass, without being declared the enemy of Rome.

As a ridiculous instance of this, I may mention a case that really and recently occurred. A certain article was published in the newspapers, and, in ma ny of those deemed the most respectable, was called a "lucid" exhibition, &c. I myself did not happen to understand it, though I read it twice over with much attention. In my peregrinations, I happened to meet two of the editors who had personally praised the article, and I asked them if they understood it? One of them promptly said, that he had not read it at all -he had just looked at it, but "supposed it was a good thing"-the other observed that he had made the paragraph just to excite attention, without having the leisure to examine the matter. Now those two persons-those simple ones, put me down as disaffected for asking them about the thing!

is the subject to which attention is invited. Every body who will be pleased to think, will easily find out that I do not magnify any thing, though perchance some may believe that my notice of the condition in which we stand grows out of self-vanity, and assumes a degree of importance that I have no right [and indeed, no design] to pretend to. The remark which we published the other day, that the subject of manufactures was not mentioned by the president in his late message to congress, is construed into an attack upon him; and because I am so stupid that I cannot understand Mr. Crawford's treasury reports, I know that I am put down as his enemy! But if I can only excite the people to thinking, I give them perfect liberty to think of me what they please,-trusting that my motives, as known to myself, will be properly appreciated by the enlightened and the just. And I am also safe in this-those who think for themselves will allow the like privilege to others! It is not meant to be insinuated that the present fearful state of apathy is imputable to the existing administration. I presume that it has grown. out of the powerful excitements caused by the late war, and the general depression of mind and business which has followed it. It may be called a re-action of parties and things.