MENT, and to leave the province within seven days | number, which, by the laws of that state, is necesafter his sentence!!! May this WHOLESOME example sary to a choice. be universally followed, for the sake of the GOOD ORDER of his majesty's liege subjects." The Montreal Herald supposes that Canada will return an increase of 12,000 inhabitants, by emigration from the old countries, in the present season; but the greater part of those who arrive in Canada, pass up the St. Lawrence and the lakes and cross into the United States. CHRONICLE. The 74 gun ship building at Norfolk, is to be launched on the 21st of next month. The frame of another line of battle ship is on the spot, and will be immediately put up. North Carolina. The Cape Fear Navigation Company have directed $30,000 of their capital to be applied to the improvement of the river between Fayetteville and Haywood-and have also opened a subscription for $50,000, to be applied to the improvement of the said river, below Fayetteville, or to the said part of the said river, or to the canal near Fayetteville. From the N. York Evening Post, of Sept. 16. Yes. erday Alex. M'Kim Andrews was tried before his honor judge Livingston, in the circuit court of the U. S. on a charge of being concerned in slavery. It appeared in the course of the evidence, that the defendant was commander of the schooner Endymion, one of the vessels lately captured on the coast of Africa, by the Cyane sloop of war, and sent inte this port. He was tried under the act of congress passed in the year 1800. The trial occupied the time of the court until near five o'clock in the afternoon, when the jury were charged by the judge, and the cause committed to them, with in Fort Niagara has lately been visited by the seThe cretary of war, in company with gen. Brown. walls are said to be falling down, except towards the lake, but the block-houses, barracks and mess house are in good order. The British fort opposite is in the best order, and garrisoned by 3 or 400 troops. Mr. Eustis has been elected a member of constructions, when they had agreed on their verdict, gress from Massachusetts, in the place of Mr. Dowse. Died, recently, at Elizabethtown, N. J. Mr. John Boyd, aged 84-sub-steward to Washington in the revolution. lately, in Johnson county, N. C. Miss Jane Oliver, aged 106 years. -near St. Louis, Missouri, on the 12th ult. Mr. Manuel Lisa, famous for his extensive engagements in the fur trade on the Missouri. in Lauren's dist. S. C. Mr. Solomon Nibit, aged 146 years. An apple tree, still bearing fruit, is standing near Plymouth, Mass. which was planted by Peregrine White, the first white child born in New-England. The tree is believed to be about 185 years old. Yellow fever. The constituted authorities of Philadelphia are laboring zealously to show, and we think have proved conclusively, that the yellow fever is local, and not contagious. We shall see hereafter their practice under this theory, in case other cities are afflicted with this dreadful malady. Only two deaths by malignant fever in Philadelphia last week. The tariff. We have a very long report from the committee raised at Richmond against the propos ́ed new tariff--also one from a committee at Nor. folk, &c. We shall insert some of them when we have room. Free school fund. The late James Dall, of Baltimore, bequeathed to the president and directors of the Bank of Maryland, the sum of 5,000 dollars, in trust, to establish a free school in this city, on the plan of the Boston schools. It has not yet been deemed expedient to establish this school, but the *bank, by carefully managing the donation, has rais. ed its present amount to $6,976 47. Massachusetts. The governor has issued his proclamation for calling a convention to amend the state constitution. The votes were, for 11,756; against it 6,593. Rhode Island. There has been a warm contest for members of congress in this state. Job Durfee, (rep.) has been elected in the place of Mr. Hazard; Mr. Eddy, of the present congress, has a plurality of votes, but probably not a majority of the whole to sign and seal up the same, and return it to the court at 10 o'clock this morning, to which time the court adjourned. The jury soon agreed upon their verdict, and this morning at eleven appeared in court to answer to their names. But the twelfth Juryman having been seized with fits and rendered unable to appear, the verdict was objected and a new trial ordered. Harvard University. The number of students of the several classes of the university, according to the last printed catalogue, is as follow: Theological students Law students Resident medical students Juniors 38 11 4 58 ↑ 56 63 72 81 Total, 383 Red River copper mines. We learn, from Alexandria, (Lou.) that a company, under the direction of a distinguished retired officer of the U. States army, has been formed for opening and working copper mines, on the Red River, a few miles beyond the boundary of the U. States. The anniversary. Toasts drank on the 4th of July last past: The gallant soldiers of the revolution:. The American congress-"They have left undone those things which they ought to have done, and there is no soundness in them!" A dead life"no man cried, God save him." American manufactures-That manufactures should enrich England and impoverish America, is a “Boston notion"-let the enemies of the new tariff explain it. Greensburg, Pa. Sept. 8. There is now to be seen in the cornfield of Mr. Abraham Horbach, near this borough, more than twenty stalks of corn, each of which has upwards of ten ears, and on one stalk there are twelve full grown, well filled ears. PRINTED BY WILLIAM OGDEX NILES, AT THE FRANKLIN PRESS, WATER-STREET, EAST OF SOUTH-STREET. New SERIES. No. 5-VOL. VII.] BALTIMORE, SEPT. 30, 1820. [No. 5-VOL. XIX. WHOLE NO. 473 THE PAST THE PRESENT FOR THE FUTURE. EDITED AND PUBLISHED BY H. NILES, AT $5 PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. FOREIGN NEWS. We have late accounts from and more plenty than at any other place upon Europe, the substance of which will be found un-earth." This was the language used to induce der the proper heads. The trial of the queen has others to take an interest, the possessors of the se commenced-300,000 people are supposed to have cret being rich in knowledge and poor in purse. cheered her as she went to the house of lords, the The ship, however, proceeded, but was unfortuproceedings wherein are noticed. A dreadful civil nately cast away before she reached her destinawar appears to rage in the island of Sicily-there tion. have been some revolutionary movements in the dominions of the pope. Spain was quiet-the insurrection in Gallicia had been suppressed. The emperor of Austria has sent despatches to London, announcing his determination forthwith to march an army to oppose the revolutionists in Naples, to assist him in which he is said to ask for a loan. Much bad been stated of an expected meeting between e emperors of Russia and Austria and the king of Prussia; but it was thought that it would not take place speedily. When our brethren of Stonington have made as much as they wish by keeping the secret, we hope they will favor the world with some account of their discovery. It is probable that the people in New-Haven have been making some guess of the existence of this island, as they, too, have been looking out for whale ships. REES' NEW CYCLOPEDIA. Murray, Fairman & Co. the publishers of this mighty work, announce to the public that they are in possession of the last LAW CASE. At too late a period for insertion in number of the London edition, which has been put this sheet, we received a copy of the opinion of the to press and will be ready for delivery in the course U. S. circuit court, for the district of Ohio, deliver- of next month. They call upon their subscribers ed on the 9th inst. in the case of the bank of the to come forward and complete their sets, which it United States vs. Ralph Osborne and John L. Har-is rendered urgent they should do, because the leper, on a rule to shew cause why an attachment gislatures of New-York and Pennsylvania have aushould not issue against them for a contempt, in thorized the proprietors to dispose of all their redisregarding the injunction issued on the 14th maining sets, or odd volumes, by lottery. and on the 18th days of September, 1819,-to prevent the collection of the tax on the bank levied by the state of Ohio. The rule was made absolute. The opinion, at length, shall be given in our next. HEALTH OF OUR CITIES. It will be seen, by a reference to our chronicle, that Philadelphia is considered as restored to health- -so also of Providence; but that New-Orleans, Savannah and Charleston are severely afflicted. "AMERICANS AT SEA." A notice of the skillful and adventurous spirit of our countrymen on the ocean, -under this head, a few days ago, has been copied into a multitude of papers, on account of its internal evidence of truth. Since then we gave an account, (see page 43), of the discovery of a new southern land, in a full belief that it would be found out that "Jonathan," as the Edinburg reviewers elegantly call the people of the United States, knew of it long ago. Such seems to be the fact, as appears by the following article extracted from the N. York Mercantile Advertiser," one of our most respectable papers: RAGS "FILTHY DOWLAS." Since the noble resolve of the Baltimore banks to retire their notes and bills of a less denomination than of five dollars, the matter is talked of in several other cities, and will probably be effected in many places very soon. By the laws of Virginia, the banks, &c. are prohibited from issuing such small notes or bills after the first of December next, SMALL BANK NOTES. At a town meeting convened at the Baltimore Ex- EDWARD JOHNSON, esq. mayor, in the chair, The following resolutions were adopted:— WHEREAS, the banks of this city, represented by their respective presidents, in convention on the 7th inst. for the purpose of checking the circulation of bank notes or bills under the denomination of five dollars, on account of the multitude of counterfeits imposed on the ignorant and unsuspecting, have resolved that they would not issue or re-issue any of a lesser denomination than that just above stated And believing it to be the duty of every goo1 citizen to aid the banks in this laudable determination, and to prevent the currency from being supplied by foreign banks to the detriment of our own institutions, and the hazard of the public safety The discovery. It is a singular fact that the newly discovered land in the Pacific ocean, south of Cape Horn, has been known to brother Jonathan, at least so long that a voyage to and from the island has actually been completed out of the port of Stonington, Connecticut. But less ambitious about the honor than the profit, he was content, from the experience of the first voyage, to move on quietly in the purchase of ships, which he has done to the extent of seven or eight within a few months-all of Be it resolved, unanimously, by the citizens of Baltiwhich have ostensibly gone a whaling, but they have more, in town meeting assembled, at the invitation of been more probably gone a sealing. About two the mayor, That the circulation or currency of the years ago, a ship was fitted out of this port, (New-small notes, issued by the neighboring banks, ought York,) on shares, for "an island unknown to any one to be checked, as unnecessary, inexpedientfand reexcept the captain, where seals which had never pugnant to the interests of the people of Baltimort. been disturbed by man, were as tame as kittens, To effect which, VOL. XIX.- 4. Be it further resolved unanimously, That all the public officers and collectors and receivers of public moneys, as well as the merchants, traders and dealers generally, be invited and earnestly requested, in regard to the public good, forthwith to reject and refuse to receive any foreign bank note or bill of a - less denomination than five dollars, unless indeed under the influence of peculiar circumstances, and in like manner refuse to return the same to the common circulation of the city, but so to act that they may be speedily returned to the place from whence they came. of corruption. The faulty, and in many instances, base conduct of the "rag barons," and the deleterious effects of an overflowing and depreciated paper currency, you have well exposed; and you ap pear latterly to complain of the expensive and deceptive trappings of congress, as well as their want of economy in other proceedings. But at the radical error of that body you scarcely hint. Having formerly advocated large, and, what I have always called extravagant pay, delicacy, perhaps, prevents your touching the subject. The high pay of the members, and the manner Resolved, That a committee of three be appoint-in which they treated the subject, has had an evil ed to wait on the president and directors of the dif- effect in many of the states, and prevented a variety ferent banking institutions of this city, and urge of retrenchments. The subject was a delicate one them to complete the regeneration of our currency, for them to act upon, and scarcely left by the conby receiving, for the space of five days, all genuine stitution for their own emolument; but the fournotes of the different specie paying banks in the teenth congress daringly passed the compensation neighborhood of Baltimore, under the sum of five act, and when that was loudly decried in all sections dollars, and remit the same for payment to the ma- of the country, they cast off all modesty and really kers thereof. bullied the country into an acquiesence with their high pretensions. Messrs. Cumberland Dugan, James Barroll and John Ogston, were appointed a committee to carry the preceding resolution into effect. Ordered, that the proceedings be published in the several newspapers of this city-and That the thanks of the meeting be given to the mayor for his proceedings in respect to the matter of the foregoing resolutions. Signed, E. JOHNSON, Chairman. Public Economy. The fifteenth congress ought to have known, for every discerning man in the country perceiv that great alterations were about to take place in the value of property, and anticipated much embar. rassment in our fiscal and private concerns, unless a system of public economy was speedily adopted. Yet they proceeded to lavish the public money on themselves and others, heedlessly and extravagantly, until they have been driven to the wretched and ruinous expedient of borrowing money to satisfy the current demands, in perfect peace. I know the great talents of the 15th and 16th The following is an extract of a letter from an old congresses are sounded by themselves, and echoed and highly respectable republican, (who has se-by their satellites through the country. But I must veral times been in congress), to the editor of dissent from them. I am, it is true, an old fashioned the REGISTER. It was not written with an expec-man; I formerly endured many hardships, and always tation that it would be published. Yet we insert earned my bread by the sweat of my brow; and, it, though it reproves our own course a little, on consequently, esteem useful exertions rather than account of some valuable sentiments which it lofty pretensions. The old congress made short contains. The editor of the REGISTER has always been of opi-gress there are, in my opinion, too many presuming speeches, but acted promptly. In the present connion, that public agents and functionaries should men of the bar. By referring to books, of which receive a sufficient compensation to make it their they are well supplied, they can, by absenting them. interest to act honestly-to induce men of talents | selves from the house a few days, make a flourish to accept of public situations, as well for the honor for a whole day at the expense of $2,000. We of them, as for furnishing also the means of sub- have had too many of these speeches that were sistence for themselves and their families. But wholly useless, and some of them pernicious. I no one should be so placed that he cannot feel will refer to two intances only: The case of genelike a private citizen, as to his private affairs-by ral Jackson and the Missouri question. On the forwhich a class may be created whose interest is in mer, few of the speeches had any correct ideas, opposition to that of the people at large; and the and the question led to no proper result; and on salaries and perquisites should be graduated to the latter, much time was unnecessarily spent, and the times. If, as my correspondent believes, the the discussion was mistimed, and eventuated in "radical error," as to the public expenses, is to be mischief to the United States. found in the compensation which the members of congress have voted for their own accommo-dollars a day was a suitable compensation for a Eighteen years ago I was of opinion that four dation, it is high time that its amount should be member of congress, and that it would command the reduced. There is no doubt but that the ease with which any one obtains money, powerfully and other expenses are less now than at that period, most useful talents in that body; and, as travelling influences his liberality to part with it, even if it would do much to remove the hardness of the his own; and it may have a material effect upon times if it had been reduced to that sum. his conduct as a public man. Economy must be. impute much of the procrastination in public busiI really come fashionable-but it is sometimes more economical to expend money than to save: there is suppose, are of a different opinion; and, as an Ameness to the high salaries afforded. Many others, I "a time to all things," as Solomon says. We in- rican republican I submit to the will of the majori tend, however, to keep the subject of public ty, not, however, without expressing my dissent." economy constantly before us, and probably shal! soon have an occasion to revert to this particular matter. "You have, in many respects, deserved well of your country. Through prosperous and hard times, you have generally endeavored to stem the current Oration on Perry. FROM THE VILLAGE RECORD. whose unhappiness it has been to suffer temporary The following piece is from the pen of one, derangement. To much originality is added a sweetness which plays around the heart, and induces its dearest sympathy. would be established, and a door opened for their endless repetition. Mr. Courtney observed, that this claim stood on 'Tis sweet, when viewing some some noble ruins, the plighted faith of the country. His conviction to see through its dilapidations the splendor of the was, that their case was quite different from that of setting sun, or, to have contrasted with its rough-all other claimants; and was, at least, entitled to the ness, the softness of a distant landscape. Such is serious consideration of parliament.- (Hear.) the feeling induced by the perusal of these lines. Mr. Williams added his testimony to that of the The human mind in ruins is an awful and melancho-last speaker. It was considerably more than thirly object; but when, in its aberrations, the goodness ty years since the claims accrued. Three fourths of of the heart is evinced, and the nobler passions are the claimants were dead, and many of them of broelicited, it softens the roughness, and calms the ken hearts. ruffled feelings of those who sympathise. ON PERRY.* And art thou gone, Oh! mighty chief, and art thou gone, Oh! chief of Erie. Terrible as the whirlwind in the forest, wast thou in the day of battle. But calm and gentle as the still lake, on a summer's eve, wast thou in the day of peace. As a comet among the stars, so shone the chief of Erie among the sons of the north. As the tall oak, that is felled in mid-summer, green in leaves, and rich in foilage, so fell the chief of Eric in the morning of his glory. Serenely bright, calmly great, as the last beams of the sun, when he sinks in the west, so sunk the chief on the bosom of our mother earth. And art thou gone, Oh! mighty chief, my heart mourns in anguish, and the dew of sorrow fills my eyes when I think, thou art no more, Oh! chief of Erie. POCAHONTAS. Tories of the Revolution. Mr. Lockhart said, that the American loyalists had never received any compensation for their losses. It was the merchants trading to America, who consented to accept of 500,000l. to be distributed amongst them by commissioners; and when the resident loyalists applied to the courts in America, they were met with the plea of being attainted person's and traitors to their country. The chancellor of the exchequer said, the individuals in question had received their fair proportion of the 500,000/. from the commissioners. Mr. J. Smith said, that they had received but seven or eight shillings in the pound of their reduced debt, or claim. The resolution was ordered to be taken into con sideration on Friday next. The Russian Memorial. We intended ourselves to have said something on the circular which it has pleased the "emperor of all the Russias" to address to the European courts: but reading the following in the "National Gazette," and, believing it to be much more to the purpose than any thing which we could say, we copy it entire, and recommend it to general perusal. By the following extract from the proceedings of the house of commons on the 19th of June last, it will be seen that the tories of the revolution were but poorly rewarded for their loyalty to England, and their base desertion of their own country. It In 1813, before the power of Bonaparte was enseems the most fortunate of them received but seven tirely broken, but when his scheme of universal shillings in the pound, of what had been promised empire seemed to be finally overthrown by the dethem, as a remuneration for their losses and trea-feat of his armies in Germany, the speculative posonable services. The conduct of the British go-liticians, both of Europe and this country, turned vernment toward these miserable beings, who were an anxious eye upon the immense resources and dazzled with promises and anticipations of princely ambitious character of Russia. They saw in her the wealth and princely honors, furnishes a monitory successor of France in the enterprise of universal lesson of the wretched fate of the traitor. Many of them, it is said, died of broken hearts, conscious of their own degradation, neglected and despised by those they had served, and treated with scorn and reproach by their own countrymen. How different was their lot from that of the revolutionary patriot and soldier, who was true to his country, and whose motto was "liberty or death." [Albany Statesman, AMERICAN LOYALISTS. sway, and some of them ventured to indicate the danger at once, and to call for a plan of immediate precaution on the part of the other European states. it was suggested by them, that any nation which wanted only the present inclination to assail the independence of the others, with a likelihood of suc. cess, was to be considered as dangerous; that the character of her present sovereign furnished but a precarious and temporary security; that, with re A vote for 9,000l. was proposed for American gard to Russia, whose fundamental policy was ag loyalists. grandizement, who had been accustomed to domi. Mr. Hume asked the chancellor of the exche-neer in the north, she would be impelled by labit, quer, whether government meant to take into consideration the claims of those loyalists who had been resident in America at the breaking out of the war, and who had been assured by the then government, that any lossses they might sustain, would be made good by this country? whereas, in violation of the public faith, they never had been remunerated. and the possession of indefinitely multiplied means, to attempt the establishment of a supremacy over the whole European continent; that her emperor, whatever might be the moderation and liberality of his private dispositions, could not ultimately control the natural propensities of inordinate strength and the tendencies of a long established system of encroachment; that his acts and professions, at one period, furnished no assurance of generosity and forbearance in his temper and proceedings at another, when circumstances might particularly favor, or sensibly threaten, the power, which the debilitation of France and the correspondent aggrandizement *The oration on the death of Decatur, in the Na-of his empire, gave him in respect to the affirmance tional Gazette, is from the same pen. The chancellor of the exchequer admitted, that the people alluded to were a most meritorious and unfortunate class of men; but, on the other hand, if the claims of individuals were to be listened to by his majesty's ministers, a dangerous precedent of arbitrary rule at home and the subjection of the that day can ever arrive, and have always believed. that the scope afforded, by its destruction, for Russian preponderance, fearful and odius as this may be, was the least of the two evils with which Europe was threatened. But the memorial in relation to Spain, to which the foregoing observations are particularly directed, convinces us, as we think it court-and we may add the emperor, since he has allowed the paper to go forth in his name—are not less hostile, than Bonaparte was, to "liberal ideas" and free institutions, wherever attempted, nor less bent upon their excision, nor less prone and determined to dictate generally to the world. This paper does not yield, in point of falsehood, and dissimulation, and despotic doctrine, to Bonaparte's continental cabinets. His supposed personal quali- The real drift of all these bargains, and their ten ties, and his liberal strain of promise and declara-dency to invest Russia, the chief mover and artifition, prevailed, however, with the mass of politi-cer of them, with a virtual domination over the cians, against ali particular admonition of the kind continent, did not escape the sagacity of all the unjust mentioned, and all the general reasoning upon initiated statesmen and political writers, and have which it was founded. been exposed by several with sufficient intrepidity Even, after the arrangements of the congress of and disinterestedness. We would refer particularly Vienna were proclaimed, when it was seen what to the two works of the Abbe de Pradt, "the conRussia had secured for herself, especially by the ap-gress of Vienna" and "the congress of Aix-la-Chapropriation of Poland; how Saxony, Norway, Ve- pelle," which ought to be read with attention at nice, Genoa, the Milanese, had been sacrificed un- this moment, by those who desire to understand the der her auspices-that she retained Finland and the real posture and bent of European affairs. He deother territories, of which she had, with the con-velops fully and without reserve the awful extent, currence of Bonaparte, despoiled her original allies overweening spirit, and matchless subtlety of the -the illusion, produced by the personal reputation Russian power. In the last mentioned work, pubof Alexander, was not destroyed, and Russian libe.lished in 1819, at Paris, he asserts directly that Eurality and moderation continued to be the theme of rope had but changed the yoke of France for that wonder and applause, not with the Peace Societies of Russia, and demonstrates the folly of the relialone, to whom the abstemious emperor addressed ance placed upon the personal dispositions and asthe most edifying homiliet, and with the itinerant surances of the Russian sovereign. This intelligent philanthropists to whom he whined about the slave writer roundly admonishes Europe to take heed trade and human bondage, but with ministers of lest the day should arrive, in which the overthrow state, parliamentary orators, and a host of sanguine of Napoleon by Russia would be deplored. enthusiasts and political essayists. The holy alliWe are not inclined, with our ideas respecting ace fortified the vulgar prepossessions on the sub-the genius of the Bonapartean system, to think that ject, though by the over-wrought sanctimony of its tone, and the nature of the personal engagements which it expressed, it opened the eyes of many of the credulous, and excited alarm and aversion in almost every mind that reflected earnestly on the cotemporary history and condition of Europe. Considering the character and aims of the present Rus. sian memorial, concerning Spanish affairs, we can-will, happily, convince the world, that the Russian not look back upon the strain of the holy league, without a doubled resentment and disgust at its hypocrisy. That instrument is "in the name of the Most Holy and Indivisible Trinity," its preamble announces it as intended to regulate the relations of states "according to the sublime truths which the eternal religion of God the Saviour teaches,"-and as a compact by which the parties solemnly engage to follow, in their relations with others, "the pre-celebrated letter from Bayonne to Ferdinand, as cepts of the holy christian religion-precepts of Justice, charity, and peace." The first article invokes the principles and text of the holy scriptures; at the same time, however, that the parties, the Austrian, Prussian, and Russian monarchs, in persou, bind themselves "to aid and assist each other on every occasion and in every place." The remaining two articles form a rhapsody of pious ejaWe wish to exhibit fully the character and bearculation and resolve, turning upon the treasuresings of the Russian memorial, not only on account of of love, knowledge and wisdom in the Almighty the attachment we feel to the cause of the Spanish the Divine Saviour Jesus Christ, the Word of the cortes, but from the direct interest which the UnitMost High, the Word of Life," &c. Some months ed States have in the principles and policy betrayafter its date, it was published by Alexander, with a ed in that document. They are formally included manifesto in his name as autocrat of all the Russias, in the phrase "the Spanish revolution involves, which spoke an equally strong devotional language, perhaps, the future destinies of all civilized nations," such as none but the most anctified of his prelates they are immediately affected by the declaration, could have administered. The engagements at Aix- that "institutions which emanate from thrones are la-Chapelle, of Nov. 1818, to which England and conservatory" in contradistinction to those which France were parties with the three pious contrac-spring from any other source; and by the sweeping tors of the holy alliance, and by which the Russian and monstrous maxim, that every revolt from moemperor now professes to hold himself, and would narchical authority, every change in government hold the rest, bound to stifle the Spanish revolution, originating with the people, or any agents other are not marked by so much godliness of phrase, but than the rulers themselves, is "a crime," "an outthey look to the same righteous ends-the lasting rage," "a stain," which require a "solemn expiatoconfirmation of the power, however abused, of the ry deed before the universe;" and against which, if families called legitimate, and the complete enslave- it should not be thus compensated, and at once humment of the people and the minor governments of bly redressed, the powers of Europe are to declare Europe to the will of the five great associates. The a ban and crusade. compact of 1818 may be found at large in the Eng prince of Asturias; and there is another remarkable analogy, by the circumstance of his having made the mode of Ferdinand's succession to Charles' throne, that is the military and popular insurrection at Aranjuez, the pretext for not ratifying that suc cession and for taking the affairs of Spain into his own hands. These American states need not fear that they lish "New Annual Register," and the December Ga-will ever be reached by the arm of Russia; they zettes of that year.* *See Weekly Register, vol. XV. page 424. may deride the suggestion that their destinies are involved in any European revolution: but they |