And to the end that this friendship and good correfpondence may be the better confirmed, and all difficulties removed, which may happen between both parties, under what pretence foever they may be; it is agreed between the faid king of Great-Britain, and the faid lords the States General, that all the treaties of peace, friendship, alliance, confederation, commerce and marine, hereafter named and fpecified, fhall be approved and confirmed, both on the one and the other part, viz. the treaty of peace and confederacy concluded at Breda, July 1, 1667.

The treaties of navigation and commerce, concluded at the fame time and place.

The treaty of peace and friendship, concluded at Weftminster, February, 167.

The marine treaty concluded at London the 10th of October, 1679, with a declaration explaining divers articles of the faid marine treaty, February 17, 166, concluded at the Hague, December 3, 1675.

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An article for preventing and compofing any difputes which may arife between the Eaft India companies of England and Holland, concluded at London, March 167. The defenfive league concluded at London, March 3.1677. Treaty of concert between the fleets of England and Holland, concluded April 29, 1689.

Treaty for prohibiting any commerce with France, concluded Auguft 12, 1689.

All the faid treaties, and all and every article contained in them, are effectually approved and confirmed by this present treaty, and shall remain in their original force and vigour, as if they had been inferted here word for word, fo far as they do not contradict or derogate from one another, or this present treaty; in fuch a manner that the points and matters ftipulated by a newer treaty, fhall be fulfilled in the proper time, without regard had to an older treaty moreover, there fhall be between His Majefty and his fucceffors, and the lords the States General, their fubjects and inhabitants reciprocally, a ftrict alliance and fincere confederacy, in order to the mutual fupport and prefervation of each other in tranquility, peace, friendfhip and neutrality, by fea and land, and for the maintaining of each other in the poffeffion of all the rights, franchifes and liberties, they do or have a right to enjoy, or

fuch

fuch as they shall acquire, or fhall be acquired for them, by the treaties of peace, friendship and neutrality, which heretofore have been made, or fhall be made for the future, conjointly and in concert with other kings, republicks and cities; the whole however to be confined within the boundaries of Europe only. And they do promife and oblige themselves, not only to be reciprocally guarantees of all the treaties which His Majefty, or his predeceffors, and the faid lords the States General, have already made with other kings, republicks, princes and ftates, which fhall be produced on the one and the other part, before the exchange of the ratification, but alfo of all those which they may make for the future, in mutual concert, and by common confent; and alfo to defend the faid treaties, and to affift and continually preferve each other in the poffeffion of the territories, cities, and places that now do, or hereafter shall belong, as well to His Majefty and fucceffors, the kings of Great Britain, as to the lords the States General, in what part foever those territories, cities and places are fituated, in cafe His Majesty and the faid States General fhall, in any cafe, as aforefaid, happen to be molefted or attacked by any hoftile act, or an open war, be it under what pretence foever it will; upon which occafion they fhall regulate themselves on both fides, according to what is ftipulated in the forementioned treaty concluded on the third of March, 1677.

And as the faid king of Great Britain, and the faid lords the States, are at this time engaged in a war against France, and that the king of Great Britain, and the States, do find they are under à mutual obligation of aiding and defending one another, as alfo of reciprocally maintaining their countries and subjects in their poffeffions, immunities and liberties, and likewife navigation and commerce, and all other rights whatsoever, as well by fea as by land, towards and against all kings, princes and ftates, and particularly against the said Most Christian King; and to the end they may the better attain to a juft and honourable peace, by which the repose and tranquility of Europe may be established, it is agreed between the faid king of Great Britain, and the faid lords the States, that neither of the faid allies fhall make any fufpenfion of arms, truce or peace,

with the faid Moft Chriftian King, nor with any other king, prince or ftate, by whom either the one or the other of the allies fhall be molefted or attacked, conjointly, or by common confent. And as the faid king of Great Britain, and the faid States General, have already agreed on a treaty by which they are, for this year, to act in concert with their forces, against the said Moft Chriftian King, it is agreed and concluded, that they fhall forthwith concert other articles and ftipulations, concerning the number, and employing of their troops and men of war in such a manner, as fhall be thought moft proper for them to act with the greatest fuccefs against the common enemy.

Moreover, it is agreed between the faid King and the faid States, that if after the peace which fhall conjointly, and by common confent, be made with the Most Christian King, as before ftipulated; and that after that, either one or the other party comes to be attacked again by the Most Christian King, in that cafe the treaty of alliance and guarantee, concluded at Weftminfter on the 3d of March, 1677, between England and the faid lords the States, and which is also approved and confirmed by this present treaty, fhall then fubfift in the full extent of it, and be executed in all its points and articles, as if the fame or the like treaty had been made anew, or fince the conclufion of the peace with the Moft Chriftian King, but with this variation only, that if the war happens according to the cafe mentioned in the article of this treaty, neither of the faid allies fhall agree to any ceffation of arms with the faid Moft Christian King, or any other affailant; but conjointly, and by common confent, all kings, princes, and ftates, who have a mind to it, fhall be comprehended in this treaty, before the exchange of the ratification, or fix months after, with the common confent of the faid King and States.

The prefent treaty fhall be approved and ratified by the faid King and the faid States General, and the ratification fhall be exchanged on both fides, in due and proper form, within the term of fix weeks, or sooner, if it can be done : in witness whereof, we the ambaffadors, &c. by virtue of our refpective powers, have figned these prefents, and put to our feals, at Whitehall, in August, 1689.

Articles

Articles of peace between the moft ferene and mighty prince William III. king of Great Britain, and the moft ferene and mighty prince Lewis XIV. the most chriftian king, concluded in the royal palace at Ryfwicke, the 10 day of September, 1697. Reprinted from the copy printed by command of their excellencies the lords justices.

ΙΟ

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1. THA HAT there be an univerfal perpetual peace, and a true and fincere friendship, between the most ferene and mighty prince William III. king of Great Britain, and the moft ferene and mighty prince Lewis XIV. the moft christian king, their heirs and fucceffors, and between the kingdoms, ftates and fubjects of both; and that the fame be fo fincerely and inviolably obferved and kept, that the one shall promote the intereft, honour, and advantage of the other, and that on both fides a faithful neighbourhood, and true obfervation of peace and friendship, may daily flourish and increase.

II. That all enmities, hoftilities, difcords and wars, between the faid king of Great Britain, and the Moft Chriftian King, and their fubjects, ceafe and be abolished, fo that on both fides they forbear and abftain hereafter from all plundering, depredation, harm-doing, injuries and infestation whatsoever, as well by land as by fea, and on fresh waters, every where; and especially throughout all the kingdoms, territories, dominions and places, belonging to each other, of what condition foever they be.

III. That all offences, injuries, damages, which the faid king of Great Britain and his fubjects, or the faid Moft Chriftian King and his fubjects, have fuffered from each other during this war, fhall be forgotten; fo that neither, on account of them, or for any other cause or pretence, neither party, or the fubjects of either, fhall hereafter do, cause, or suffer to be done, any hoftility, enmity, molestation or hindrance to the other, by himself or others, fecretly or openly, directly or indirectly, by colour of right, or way of fact.

IV. And fince the Moft Chriftian King was never more defirous of any thing, than that the peace be firm and inviolable, the faid king promifes and agrees for himself and his fucceffors, that he will on no account whatsoever di

fturb

fturb the faid king of Great Britain, in the free poffeffion of the kingdoms, countries, lands or dominions, which he now enjoys, and therefore engages his honour, upon the faith and word of a king, that he will not give or afford any affiftance, directly or indirectly, to any enemy or enemies of the faid king of Great Britain; and that he will in no manner whatsoever, favour the confpiracies or plots which any rebels, or ill difpofed perfons, may in any place excite or contrive against the faid king; and for that end promises and engages, that he will not affift with arms, fhips, ammunition, provifions, or money, or in any other way, by fea or land, any person or perfons, who fhall hereafter, under any pretence whatfoever, difturb or moleft the faid king of Great Britain, in the free and full poffeffion of his kingdoms, countries, lands and dominions. The king of Great Britain likewise, promises and engages for himself and fucceffors, kings of Great Britain, that he will inviolably do and perform the fame towards the said Moft Chriftian King, his kingdoms, countries, lands and dominions.

V. That there be a free use of navigation and commerce between the fubjects of both the faid kings, as was formerly in the time of peace, and before the declaration of the late war, fo that every one of them may freely come into the kingdoms, marts, ports and rivers of either of the faid kings, with their merchandizes, and may there continue and trade without any moleftation, and fhall use and enjoy all liberties, immunities and privileges granted by folemn treaties, and ancient cuftom.

VI. That the ordinary administration of justice shall be restored and set open, throughout the kingdoms and dominions of both kings, fo that it fhall be free for all the subjects of either, to claim and obtain their rights, pretenfions and actions, according to the laws, conftitutions and ftatutes, of each kingdom,

VII. The Most Christian King fhall restore to the faid king of Great Britain, all countries, iflands, forts and colonies, wherefoever situated, which the English did poffefs before the declaration of this prefent war. And in like. manner the king of Great Britain fhall reftore to the Moft Christian King, all countries, iflands, forts and colonies, wherefoever fituated, which the French did poffefs before

the