IMP

legends and myths, 372. Beneficial
effects of Christianity in supplying
pure images to the imagination, ii.

105

Imperial system of the Romans, its

effect on their morals, i. 272. Apo-
theosis of the emperors, 272
India, ancient, admiration for the schools
of, i. 242

Inductive, ambiguity of the term, as
applied to morals, i. 75
Industrial truth, characteristics of, i.
144. Influence of the promotion of
industrial life upon morals, 145-147
Infanticide, history of the practice of,
ii. 26. Efforts of the Church to sup-
press it, 31. Roman laws relating
to, 33. Causes of, in England, 302
Infants, Augustinian doctrine of the
damnation of unbaptized, i. 98, 99.
The Sacrament given to, in the early
Church, ii. 6

Insanity, alleged increase of, ii. 64.
Theological notions concerning, 91.
The first lunatic asylums, 92
Insurance societies among the poor of
Greece and Rome, ii. 83
Intellectual progress, its relations to
moral progress, i. 156-158
Interest, self-, human actions governed
exclusively by, according to the
Utilitarians, i. 8, and note. Summary
of the relations of virtue and public
and private, 121

Intuition, rival claims of, and utility to
be regarded as the supreme regulator
of moral distinctions, i. 1, 2. Various
names by which the theory of intui-
tion is known, 2, 3. Views of the
moralists of the school of, 3. Summary
of their objections to the utilitarian
theory, i. 70. The intuitive school,
75, 76. Doctrines of Butler, Adam
Smith, and others, 77-79. Analogies
of beauty and virtue, 79. Distine-
tions between the higher and lower
parts of our nature, 85. Moral judg-
ments, and their alleged diversities,
93. General moral principles alone
revealed by intuition, 102. Intuitive
morals not unprogressive, 105, 106.
Difficulty of both the intuitive and
utilitarian schools in finding a fixed
frontier line between the lawful and
the illicit, 120, 121. The intuitive
and utilitarian schools each related
to the general condition of society,
127. Their relations to metaphysical
schools, 128, 129. And to the Ba-

JEW

conian philosophy, 130. Contrasts

between ancient and modern civilisa-
tions, 131, 132. Practical conse-
quences of the opposition between
the two schools, 133
Inventions, the causes which accelerate
the progress of society in modern
times, i. 131

Ireland, why handed over by the Pope
to England, ii. 230

Irenæus, his belief that all Christians
had the power of working miracles,
i. 402

Irish, characteristics of the, i. 144-145.
Their early marriages and national
improvidences, 153. Absence of moral
scandals among the priesthood, 153.
Their legend of the islands of life and
death, 214. Their missionary labours,
ii. 261. Their perpendicular burials,

268

On

Jenyns, Soame, his adherence to the
opinion of Ockham, i. 17, note
Jerome, St., on exorcism, i. 406.
the clean and unclean animals in the
ark, ii. 111. Legend of, 123. En-
couraged inhumanity of ascetics to
their relations, 143. His legend of
SS. Paul and Antony, 167
Jews, their law regulating marriage
and permitting polygamy, i. 106.
Their treatment of suicides, 230, note.
Influence of their manners and creed
at Rome, 248, 360. Became the prin-
cipal exorcists, 404, 405, note. Spread
of their creed in Rome, 410. Reasons
why they were persecuted less than
the Christians, 428, 433. How re-
garded by the pagans, and how the
Christians were regarded by the Jews,
442. Charges of immorality brought
against the Christians by the Jews,
443. Domitian's taxation of them,
459. Their views of the position of
women, ii. 357

JOF

Joffre, Juan Gilaberto, his foundation of
a lunatic asylum in Valencia, ii. 95
John, St., at Patmos, i. 460
John, St., of Calama, story of, ii. 136
John XXIII., Pope, his crimes, ii.

350

Johnson, Dr., his adherence to the

opinion of Ockham, i. 17, note
Julian, the Emperor, his tranquil death,
i. 219, and note. Refuses the lan-
guage of adulation, 274. His attempt
to resuscitate paganism, 351. Attitude
of the Church towards him, ii. 277.
Joy at his death, 278

Julien l'Hospitalier, St., legend of, ii. 89,

note

Jupiter Ammon, fountain of, deemed
miraculous, i. 389, and note
Justinian, his laws respecting slavery,

ii. 69

Justin Martyr, his recognition of the
excellence of many parts of the pagan
writings, i. 365. Hisseminal logos,'
365. On the Sibylline books, 400.
Cause of his conversion to Christian-
ity, 441. His martyrdom, 469
Juvenal, on the natural virtue of man,
i. 207

KAMES, Lord, on our moral judg-

ments, i. 78. Notices the analo-
gies between our moral and æsthetical
judgments, 79

King's evil, ceremony of touching for
the, i. 386, note

LA

ABIENUS, his works destroyed, i.
476, note

Lactantius, character of his treatise,
i. 493

Lætorius, story of, i. 273

Laughing condemned by the monks of
the desert, ii. 122, note
Law, Roman, greatly extended by Stoic-
ism, i. 312. Recognised a law of
nature, 312. Its principles of equity
derived from Stoicism, 313. Its
golden age not Christian, but pagan,
ii. 44
Lawyers, position occupied by, in litera-
ture at the present time, i. 137, note
Legacies forbidden to the clergy, ii. 160.

Power of making bequests to the
clergy enlarged by Constantine, 228
Leibnitz, on the natural or innate
powers of man, i. 125, note

Leo the Isaurian, Pope, his compact

MAC

with Pepin, ii. 282. Account of him,

282

Leonardo da Vinci, his kindness to
animals, ii. 183, note
Licentiousness, French, Hume's com-
ments on, i. 51, note
Literature, revolution in the ascendancy
in, taking place in England, i. 136,
note. Position occupied by lawyers
in literature, 137, note. The monas-
teries considered as a receptacle of
literature, ii. 216

Locke, John, his view of moral good
and moral evil, quoted, i. 8, note.
His theological utilitarianism, 16, note.
His view of the sanctions of morality,
20. His invention of the phrase
'association of ideas,' 23. His
definition of conscience, 30, note.
Cousin's objections against him, 76,
note. His refutation of the doctrine
of a natural moral sense, 128, 129.
Controversies as to his meaning on
this point, 128, note. Rise of the
sensual school out of his philosophy,
128, note. Famous formulary of his
school, 129

Lombard, Peter, character of his 'Sen-
tences,' ii. 240. His visions of hea-
ven and hell, 241

Longinus, his suicide, i. 231

Love terms in Greek, in vogue with the
Romans, i. 244, note

Loyalty, the earliest form of moral
enthusiasm, i. 142

Lucan, failure of his courage under
torture, i. 204. His sycophaney,
204. His cosmopolitanism, 254
Lucius, the bishop, martyrdom of, i.

483
Lucretius, his scepticism, i. 171. His
disbelief in the immortality of the
soul, i. 192, note. His praise of
Epicurus, 207. His suicide, 226.
On a bereaved cow, ii. 175
Lunatic asylums, the first, ii. 64
Luther's wife, her remark on the sen-
suous creed she had left, i. 53
Lyons, persecution of the Christians at,
i. 469

ACARIUS, St., miracle attributed to,

gend of his visit to an enchanted
garden, 168. Other legends of him,
168, 169, 181, 233
Macedonia, effect of the conquest of, on
the decadence of Rome, i. 177

Marcellinus, Tullius, his self-destruc-
tion, i. 234

Marcia, mistress of Commodus, her in-
fluence in behalf of toleration to the
Christians, i. 471

Marcian, St., legend of the visit of St.
Avitus to him, ii. 169

Marcus, St., story of, and his mother, ii.
137

Marriage, how regarded by the Jews,
Greeks, Romans, and Catholics, i. 106,
107. Statius' picture of the first night
of marriage, 111, note. Reason why
the ancient Jews attached a certain
stigma to virginity, 112. Conflict of
views of the Catholic priest and the
political economist on the subject of
early marriages, 118. Results in
some countries of the difficulties with
which legislators surround marriage,
151. Early marriages the most con-
spicuous proofs of Irish improvidence,
151. Influence of asceticism on, ii.
339. Notions of its impurity, 343.
Second marriages, 343
Marseilles, law of, respecting suicide, i.
230, note. Epidemic of suicide among
the women of, ii. 58
Martial, sycophancy of his epigrams, i.

204

MIR

Martin of Tours, St., establishes mona-
chism in Gaul, ii. 113

Martyrdom, glories of, to the early
Christian, i. 415. Festivals of the
martyrs, 415, note. Passion for, 416.
Dissipation of the people at the fes-
tivals, ii. 159

Mary, St., of Egypt, ii. 118

Mary, the Virgin, veneration of the, ii.
389, 390

Massilians, wine forbidden to women
by the, i. 96, note.

Maternal affection, strength of, ii. 27,

Melania, St., her bereavement, ii. 10.

Her pilgrimage through the Syrian
and Egyptian hermitages, 128
Milesians, wine forbidden by the, to
women i. 96, note

Military honour pre-eminent among the

Romans, i. 181,182. History of the de-

cadence of Roman military virtue, 284
Mill, J., on association, 25, note et seq.
Mill, J. S., quoted, i. 8, 30, 49, 92, 105
Minerva, meaning of, according to the
Stoics, i. 171

Miracles, general incredulity on the sub-
ject of, at the present time, i. 368,
370. Miracles not impossible, 368.
Established by much evidence, 369.
The histories of them always decline
with education, 370. Illustration of
this in the belief in fairies, 370. Con-
ceptions of savages, 371. Legends,
formation and decay of, 372-374.
Common errors in reasoning about
miracles, 380. Predisposition to the
miraculous in some states of society,
385. Belief of the Romans in mi-
racles, 386-391. Incapacity of the
Christians of the third century for
judging historic miracles, 399. Con-
temporary miracles believed in by
the early Christians, 401. Exorcism

MIS

401. Neither past nor contemporary
Christian miracles had much weight
upon the pagans, 401
Missionary labours, ii. 261
Mithra, worship of, in Rome, i. 411
Molinos, his opinion on the love we
should bear to God condemned, i. 19,

note

Monastic system, results of the Catho-
lic monastic system, i. 111. Suicide
of monks, ii. 55. Exertions of the
monks in the cause of charity, 89.
Causes of the monastic movement,
108. History of the rapid propaga
tion of it in the West, 194. New
value placed by it on obedience and
humility, 196, 285. Relation of it
to the intellectual virtues, 200. The
monasteries regarded as the recep-
tacles of learning, 212. Fallacy of
attributing to the monasteries the
genius that was displayed in theology,
221. Other fallacies concerning the
services of the monks, 221-225.
Value attached by monks to pecuniary
compensations for crime, 226. Causes
of their corruption, 230. Benefits con-
ferred by the monasteries, 257
Monica, St., i. 96, note

Monogamy, establishment of, ii. 294
Monophysites, the cause, to some ex-
tent, of the Mohammedan conquest of
Egypt, ii. 152

Montanists, their tenets, ii. 109

Moral distinctions, rival claims of intu-
ition and utility to be regarded as the
supreme regulators of, i. 1
Moral judgments, alleged diversities of,
i. 93. Are frequently due to intel-
lectual causes, 94. Instances of this
in usury and abortion, 94. Dis-
tinction between natural duties and
others resting on positive law, 95.
Ancient customs canonised by time,
95. Anomalies explained by a con-
fused association of ideas, 96, 97.
Moral perceptions overridden by posi-
tive religions, 98. Instances of this
in transubstantiation and the Augus-
tinian and Calvinistic doctrines of
damnation, 98, 99. General moral
principles alone revealed by intuition,
102. The moral unity of different
ages is therefore a unity not of stan-
dard but of tendency, 103. Applica-
tion of this theory to the history of
benevolence, 103. Reasons why acts
regarded in one age as criminal are
innocent in another, 104. Views of

MUT

Mill and Buckle on the comparative
influence of intellectual and moral
agencies in civilisation, 105, note.
Intuitive morals not unprogressive,
105, 106. Answers to miscellaneous
objections against the theory of natural
moral perceptions, 113. Effect of the
condition of society on the standard,
but not the essence, of virtue, 114.
Occasional duty of sacrificing higher
duties to lower ones, 114 et seq.
Summary of the relations of virtue
and public and private interest, 121.
Two senses of the word natural, 123
Moral law, foundation of the, according
to Ockham and his adherents, i. 17,
and note. Various views of the
sanctions of morality, 20. Utilitarian
theological sanctions, 54. The reality
of the moral nature the one great
question of natural theology, 58.
Utilitarian secular sanctions, 59. The
Utilitarian theory subversive of mo-
rality, 68. Plausibility and danger
of theories of unification in morals,
73. Our knowledge of the laws of
moral progress nothing more than
approximate or general, 142

'Moral sense,' Hutcheson's doctrine of
a, i. 4.

Moral system, what it should be, to go-
vern society, i. 204

Morals, each of the two schools of, re-
lated to the general condition of so-
ciety, i. 127. Their relations to me-
taphysical schools, 128, 129. And to
the Baconiau philosophy, 130. Con-
trast between ancient and modern
civilisations, 130-132. Causes that
lead societies to elevate their moral
standard, and determine their pre-
ference of some particular kind of
virtues, 135. The order in which
moral feelings are developed, 135.
Danger in proposing too absolutely
a single character as a model to which
all men must conform, 163. Remarks
on moral types, 164. Results to be
expected from the study of the rela-
tions between our physical and moral
nature, 167. Little influence of Pagan
religions on morals, 169

Moralists, business of, i. 2. Their dis-
position to resent any charge against
the principles they advocate, 2
More, Henry, his doctrine of the motive
to virtue, i. 78

Musonius, his suicide, i. 232

Mutius, history of him and his son, ii.133

MYS

Mysticism of the Romans, causes pro-
ducing, i. 337, 338

Myths, formation of, i. 373. The age of
myths closed by education, 374

NAPLES, mania for suicide at, ii.

Napoleon the Emperor, his order of the

day respecting suicide, i. 230, note
Nations, causes of the difficulties of
effecting cordial international friend-
ships, i. 164

Natural moral perceptions, objections to
the theory of, i. 121. Two senses of
the word natural, 123. Reid, Sedg-
wick, and Leibnitz on the natural or
innate powers of man, 125, note.
Locke's refutation of the doctrine of
a natural moral sense, 129.
Neoplatonism, account of, i. 345. Its
destruction of the active duties and
critical spirit, 350

Neptune, views of the Stoics of the
meaning of the legends of, i. 171. His
statue solemnly degraded by Augustus,
178

Nero, his singing and acting, i. 274. His
law as to slaves, 326.
His persecu-
tion of the Christians, 456
Newman, Dr., on venial sin, i. 115, and
note on pride, ii. 199

Nicodemus, apocryphal gospel of, ii. 224
Nilus, St., deserts his family, ii. 341
Nitria, number of anchorites in the
desert of, ii. 112

Nolasco, Peter, his works of mercy, ii.
77. His participators in the Albi-
gensian massacres, 202
Novatians, their tenets, ii. 109
Numa, legend of his prohibition of idols,
i. 175, note

ATH, sanctity of an, among the
TU 176

Obedience, new value placed upon it by

monachism, ii. 196, 197, 285
Obligation, nature of, i. 66-68
Ockham, his opinion of the foundation
of the moral law, i. 17 and note
Odin, his suicide, ii. 57
O'Neale, Shane, his charity, ii. 102
Opinion, influence of character on, i.
180, 181

Oracles, refuted and ridiculed by Cicero,
i. 173. Plutarch's defence of their
bad poetry, 173, note. Refusal of
Cato and the Stoics to consult them,

Pætus and Arria, history of, ii. 328
Pagan religions, their feeble influence on
morals, i. 169

Pagan virtues, the, compared with
Christian, i. 200

Paiderastia, the, of the Greeks, ii. 311
Pain, equivalent to evil, according to the
Utilitarians, i. 8, note

Palestine, foundation of monachism in,
ii. 113. Becomes a hot-bed of de-
bauchery, 161

Paley, on the obligation of virtue, i. 14.
On the difference between an act of
prudence and an act of duty, 16, note.
On the love we ought to bear to God,
18, note. Of the religious sanctions
of morality, 20. On the doctrine of
association, i. 25, note. On flesh diet,
i. 50, note. On the influence of health
on happiness, i. 90, note. On the
difference in pleasures, 92, note
Pambos, St., story of, 123, note
Pammachus, St., his hospital, ii. 85
Panatius, the founder of the Roman
Stoics, his disbelief in the immorta-
lity of the soul, i. 193
Pandars, punishment of, ii. 335
Parents, reason why the murder of, was
not regarded as criminal, i. 104
Parthenon, the, at Athens, i. 108
Pascal, his advocacy of piety as a mat-
ter of prudence, i. 17, note. His ad-
herence to the opinion of Ockham as